# Major Depression Inventory

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{{Infobox diagnostic
| name            = Major Depression Inventory
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| pronounce       =  
| purpose         =generates an ICD-10 or DSM-IV diagnosis of clinical depression
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| DiseasesDB      = <!--{{DiseasesDB2|numeric_id}}-->
| ICD10           = <!--{{ICD10|Group|Major|minor|LinkGroup|LinkMajor}} or {{ICD10PCS|code|char1/char2/char3/char4}}-->
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The '''Major Depression Inventory''' ('''MDI''') is a self-report mood questionnaire developed by the [World Health Organization](/source/World_Health_Organization). The instrument was constructed by a team led by Professor Per Bech, a psychiatrist based at Frederiksborg General Hospital in [Denmark](/source/Denmark).<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Bech | first1 = P | last2 = Rasmussen | first2 = N-A | last3 = Olsen | first3 = LR | last4 = Noerholm | first4 = V | last5 = Abildgaard | first5 = W | year = 2001 | title = The sensitivity and specificity of the Major Depression Inventory, using the Present State Examination as the index of diagnostic validity | url = | journal = J Affect Disord | volume = 66 | issue = 2–3| pages = 159–164 | doi = 10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00309-8 | pmid = 11578668 }}</ref> The MDI differs from many other [self-report inventories](/source/self-report_inventories), such as the [Beck Depression Inventory](/source/Beck_Depression_Inventory) (BDI), because it is able to generate an [ICD-10](/source/ICD-10) or [DSM-IV](/source/DSM-IV) diagnosis of [clinical depression](/source/Major_depressive_disorder) in addition to an estimate of symptom severity.<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Bech | first1 = P | last2 = Rasmussen | first2 = N-A | last3 = Olsen | first3 = LR | last4 = Noerholm | first4 = V | last5 = Abildgaard | first5 = W | year = 2001 | title = The sensitivity and specificity of the Major Depression Inventory, using the Present State Examination as the index of diagnostic validity | url = | journal = J Affect Disord | volume = 66 | issue = 2–3| pages = 159–164 | doi = 10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00309-8 | pmid = 11578668 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Olsen | first1 = LR | last2 = Jensen | first2 = DV | last3 = Noerholm | first3 = V | last4 = Martiny | first4 = K | last5 = Bech | first5 = P | year = 2003 | title = The internal and external validity of the Major Depression Inventory in measuring severity of depressive states | url = | journal = Psychol Med | volume = 33 | issue = 2| pages = 351–356 | doi = 10.1017/s0033291702006724 | pmid = 12622314 }}</ref>

Unlike many other similar instruments, the MDI is available free of charge and can be downloaded from the internet with a full manual and scoring instructions. This makes it an attractive option in [epidemiological](/source/epidemiology) population surveys. It has also been translated into seven languages.

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==Scoring==
To measure treatment outcome the sum of the ten items is used. A higher score signifies deeper depression.

When using the scale to diagnose depression according to ICD-10, there are the following possibilities:
* '''Mild depression''': A score of 4 or 5 in two of the first three items. Plus a score of at least 3 on two or three of the last seven items.
* '''Moderate depression''': A score of 4 or 5 in two or three of the first three items. Plus a score of at least 3 on four of the last seven items.
* '''Severe depression''': A score of 4 or 5 in all of the first three items. Plus a score of at least 3 on five or more of the last seven items.
* '''Major depression''': The number of items is reduced to nine, as Item 4 is part of Item 5. Include whichever of the two items has the highest score (item 4 or 5). A score on at least five items is required, to be scored as follows: the score on the first three items must be at least 4, and on the other items at least 3. Either Item 1 or 2 must have a score of 4 or 5.

== See also ==
* [Diagnostic classification and rating scales used in psychiatry](/source/Diagnostic_classification_and_rating_scales_used_in_psychiatry)

==References==
:*{{cite journal | last1 = Fawzi | first1 = M.H. | last2 = Fawzi | first2 = M.M. | last3 = Abu-Hindi | first3 = W. | year = 2012 | title = Arabic version of the Major Depression Inventory as a diagnostic tool: reliability and concurrent and discriminant validity | url = | journal = East. Mediterr. Health J. | volume = 18 | issue = 4| pages = 304–10 | doi = 10.26719/2012.18.4.304 | pmid = 22768690 }}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://psychology-tools.com/major-depression-inventory/ Online version of the Major Depression Inventory]
* [http://www.who-5.org/ World Health Organization's Collaborating Centre in Mental Health]

{{Depression rating scales}}

Category:Depression self-report inventories

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Major Depression Inventory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_Depression_Inventory) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_Depression_Inventory?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.