# MLC1

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Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

MLC1 Identifiers Aliases MLC1, LVM, MLC, VL, megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1, modulator of VRAC current 1 External IDs OMIM: 605908; MGI: 2157910; HomoloGene: 15775; GeneCards: MLC1; OMA:MLC1 - orthologs Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 22 (human)[1] Band 22q13.33 Start 50,059,391 bp[1] End 50,085,902 bp[1] Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 15 (mouse)[2] Band 15|15 E3 Start 88,840,087 bp[2] End 88,863,210 bp[2] RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in nucleus accumbens ventricular zone caudate nucleus amygdala putamen right frontal lobe paraflocculus of cerebellum Brodmann area 9 anterior cingulate cortex hypothalamus Top expressed in optic nerve arcuate nucleus median eminence deep cerebellar nuclei globus pallidus paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus dentate gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell spermatocyte mammillary body nucleus of stria terminalis More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data Gene ontology Molecular function protein binding protein-containing complex binding Cellular component cytoplasm integral component of membrane recycling endosome endosome membrane cell-cell junction plasma membrane basolateral plasma membrane early endosome apical plasma membrane endoplasmic reticulum perinuclear region of cytoplasm caveola membrane raft lysosome cytoplasmic vesicle clathrin-coated vesicle Biological process caveolin-mediated endocytosis positive regulation of intracellular transport ion transport cellular response to cholesterol regulation of response to osmotic stress protein complex oligomerization protein transport vesicle-mediated transport Sources:Amigo / QuickGO Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 23209 170790 Ensembl ENSG00000100427 ENSMUSG00000035805 UniProt Q15049 Q8VHK5 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_015166 NM_139202 NM_133241 NM_001364855 RefSeq (protein) NP_055981 NP_631941 NP_001363401 NP_001363402 NP_001363403 NP_001363404 NP_001363405 NP_001363406 NP_001363407 NP_001363408 NP_001363409 NP_001363410 NP_001363411 NP_001363412 NP_001363413 NP_573504 NP_001351784 Location (UCSC) Chr 22: 50.06 – 50.09 Mb Chr 15: 88.84 – 88.86 Mb PubMed search [3] [4] Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

**Membrane protein MLC1** is a [protein](/source/Protein) that in humans is encoded by the *MLC1* [gene](/source/Gene).[5][6]

**MLC1** (also called *WKL1*[7][8]) is the only human [gene](/source/Gene) currently associated with [megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts](/source/Megalencephalic_leukoencephalopathy_with_subcortical_cysts) (MLC).[9] Evidence exists for at least one other gene for MLC, but it has not been mapped or identified.

## Function

The function of this gene product is not known; however, homology to other proteins suggests that it may be an integral [membrane transport protein](/source/Membrane_transport_protein).[7] Mutations in this gene have been associated with [megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts](/source/Megalencephalic_leukoencephalopathy_with_subcortical_cysts), an autosomal recessive neurological disorder.[9]

The MLC1 protein contains six putative transmembrane domains (S1–S6) and a pore region (P) between S5 and S6. Furthermore, MLC1 has highest homology with the [KCNA1](/source/Kv1.1) shaker-related voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv1.1). This analysis suggests that MLC1 may be a cation channel.[7]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2) [GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000100427](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000100427) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2) [GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000035805](http://May2017.archive.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSMUSG00000035805) – [Ensembl](/source/Ensembl_genome_database_project), May 2017

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Human PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=23209). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Mouse PubMed Reference:"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=170790). *National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid7584026_5-0)** Nomura N, Miyajima N, Sazuka T, Tanaka A, Kawarabayasi Y, Sato S, Nagase T, Seki N, Ishikawa K, Tabata S (1994). ["Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. I. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0001-KIAA0040) deduced by analysis of randomly sampled cDNA clones from human immature myeloid cell line KG-1"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F1.1.27). *DNA Res*. **1** (1): 27–35. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/dnares/1.1.27](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F1.1.27). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [7584026](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7584026).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid11254442_6-0)** Leegwater PA, Yuan BQ, van der Steen J, Mulders J, Könst AA, Boor PK, Mejaski-Bosnjak V, van der Maarel SM, Frants RR, Oudejans CB, Schutgens RB, Pronk JC, van der Knaap MS (April 2001). ["Mutations of MLC1 (KIAA0027), encoding a putative membrane protein, cause megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1275636). *Am. J. Hum. Genet*. **68** (4): 831–8. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/319519](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F319519). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [1275636](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1275636). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11254442](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11254442).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pmid11326298_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pmid11326298_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-pmid11326298_7-2) Meyer J, Huberth A, Ortega G, Syagailo YV, Jatzke S, Mössner R, Strom TM, Ulzheimer-Teuber I, Stöber G, Schmitt A, Lesch KP (May 2001). ["A missense mutation in a novel gene encoding a putative cation channel is associated with catatonic schizophrenia in a large pedigree"](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.mp.4000869). *Mol. Psychiatry*. **6** (3): 302–6. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/sj.mp.4000869](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.mp.4000869). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11326298](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11326298).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-pmid12111645_8-0)** McQuillin A, Kalsi G, Moorey H, Lamb G, Mayet S, Quested D, Baker P, Curtis D, Gurling HM (August 2002). ["A novel polymorphism in exon 11 of the WKL1 gene, shows no association with schizophrenia"](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.ejhg.5200837). *Eur. J. Hum. Genet*. **10** (8): 491–4. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200837](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.ejhg.5200837). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12111645](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12111645).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-entrez_9-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-entrez_9-1) ["Entrez Gene: MLC1 megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23209).

## Further reading

- Nakajima D, Okazaki N, Yamakawa H, et al. (2003). ["Construction of expression-ready cDNA clones for KIAA genes: manual curation of 330 KIAA cDNA clones"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F9.3.99). *DNA Res*. **9** (3): 99–106. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/dnares/9.3.99](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F9.3.99). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12168954](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12168954).

- Nomura N, Miyajima N, Sazuka T, et al. (1995). ["Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. I. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0001-KIAA0040) deduced by analysis of randomly sampled cDNA clones from human immature myeloid cell line KG-1 (supplement)"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F1.1.47). *DNA Res*. **1** (1): 47–56. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/dnares/1.1.47](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fdnares%2F1.1.47). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [7584028](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7584028).

- Kawai T, Nomura F, Hoshino K, et al. (1999). "Death-associated protein kinase 2 is a new calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that signals apoptosis through its catalytic activity". *Oncogene*. **18** (23): 3471–80. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/sj.onc.1202701](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fsj.onc.1202701). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10376525](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10376525). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [19035227](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19035227).

- Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, et al. (1999). ["The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22"](https://doi.org/10.1038%2F990031). *Nature*. **402** (6761): 489–95. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1999Natur.402..489D](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999Natur.402..489D). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/990031](https://doi.org/10.1038%2F990031). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [10591208](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10591208).

- Leegwater PA, Boor PK, Yuan BQ, et al. (2002). "Identification of novel mutations in MLC1 responsible for megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts". *Hum. Genet*. **110** (3): 279–83. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s00439-002-0682-x](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00439-002-0682-x). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [11935341](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11935341). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [52319912](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:52319912).

- Zhang D, Li F, Weidner D, et al. (2002). ["Physical and functional interaction between myeloid cell leukemia 1 protein (MCL1) and Fortilin. The potential role of MCL1 as a fortilin chaperone"](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M207413200). *J. Biol. Chem*. **277** (40): 37430–8. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1074/jbc.M207413200](https://doi.org/10.1074%2Fjbc.M207413200). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12149273](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12149273).

- Ben-Zeev B, Levy-Nissenbaum E, Lahat H, et al. (2002). "Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts; a founder effect in Israeli patients and a higher than expected carrier rate among Libyan Jews". *Hum. Genet*. **111** (2): 214–8. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s00439-002-0770-y](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00439-002-0770-y). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12189496](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12189496). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [25452424](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25452424).

- Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). ["Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139241). *Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A*. **99** (26): 16899–903. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2002PNAS...9916899M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PNAS...9916899M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1073/pnas.242603899](https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.242603899). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [139241](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139241). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12477932](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12477932).

- Rubie C, Lichtner P, Gärtner J, et al. (2003). ["Sequence diversity of KIAA0027/MLC1: are megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy and schizophrenia allelic disorders?"](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fhumu.10145). *Hum. Mutat*. **21** (1): 45–52. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1002/humu.10145](https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fhumu.10145). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12497630](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12497630). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [41349460](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:41349460).

- Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, et al. (2004). "Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides". *Nat. Biotechnol*. **21** (5): 566–9. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/nbt810](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnbt810). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12665801](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12665801). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [23783563](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:23783563).

- Saijo H, Nakayama H, Ezoe T, et al. (2003). "A case of megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (van der Knaap disease): molecular genetic study". *Brain Dev*. **25** (5): 362–6. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1016/S0387-7604(03)00006-8](https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0387-7604%2803%2900006-8). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12850517](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12850517). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [20304086](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20304086).

- Patrono C, Di Giacinto G, Eymard-Pierre E, et al. (2004). "Genetic heterogeneity of megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy and subcortical cysts". *Neurology*. **61** (4): 534–7. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1212/01.wnl.0000076184.21183.ca](https://doi.org/10.1212%2F01.wnl.0000076184.21183.ca). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [12939431](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12939431). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [43645063](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:43645063).

- Tsujino S, Kanazawa N, Yoneyama H, et al. (2004). ["A common mutation and a novel mutation in Japanese patients with van der Knaap disease"](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10038-003-0085-4). *J. Hum. Genet*. **48** (12): 605–8. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1007/s10038-003-0085-4](https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10038-003-0085-4). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [14615938](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14615938).

- Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). ["Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs"](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng1285). *Nat. Genet*. **36** (1): 40–5. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/ng1285](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fng1285). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [14702039](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14702039).

- Gorospe JR, Singhal BS, Kainu T, et al. (2004). "Indian Agarwal megalencephalic leukodystrophy with cysts is caused by a common MLC1 mutation". *Neurology*. **62** (6): 878–82. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1212/01.wnl.0000115106.88813.5b](https://doi.org/10.1212%2F01.wnl.0000115106.88813.5b). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [15037685](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15037685). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [6463695](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6463695).

## External links

- [GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Megalencephalic Leukoencephalopathy with Subcortical Cysts](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1535/)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [MLC1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLC1) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLC1?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.