# MACHO catalyst

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In [homogeneous catalysis](/source/Homogeneous_catalysis), **MACHO catalysts** are [metal complexes](/source/Metal_complex) containing MACHO ligands, which are of the type HN(CH2CH2PR2)2, where R is typically phenyl or isopropyl. Complexes with ruthenium(II) and iridium(III) have received much attention for their ability to hydrogenate polar bonds such as those in esters and even [carbon dioxide](/source/Carbon_dioxide).[1] The catalysts appear to operate via intermediates where the amine proton and the [hydride ligand](/source/Metal_hydride) both interact with the substrate.[2][3] The Ru-MACHO catalyst have been commercialized for the synthesis of [1,2-propanediol](/source/1,2-Propanediol) from bio-derived [methyl lactate](/source/Methyl_lactate).[4]

## See also

- [1,5-Diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes](/source/1,5-Diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctanes), phosphine amine ligands used in hydrogen evolution
- [Noyori asymmetric hydrogenation](/source/Noyori_asymmetric_hydrogenation), another family of amine-phosphine catalysts
- [Shvo catalyst](/source/Shvo_catalyst), a related bifunctional catalyst for hydrogen transfer

## References

1. Yao, Qingwei (2015). "Ruthenium, carbonyl[2-(diphenylphosphino-κP)-N-[2-(diphenylphosphino-κP)ethyl]ethanamine-κN][tetrahydroborato(1-)-κH]-hydrido, (OC-6-13)-". *Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis*. pp. 1–3. [doi:10.1002/047084289X.rn01801](https://doi.org/10.1002/047084289X.rn01801). ISBN 9780470842898.

1. Kothandaraman, Jotheeswari; Goeppert, Alain; Czaun, Miklos; Olah, George A.; Prakash, G. K. Surya (2016). "Conversion of CO2 from Air into Methanol Using a Polyamine and a Homogeneous Ruthenium Catalyst". *Journal of the American Chemical Society*. **138** (3): 778–781. [Bibcode:2016JAChS.138..778K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JAChS.138..778K). [doi:10.1021/jacs.5b12354](https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b12354). [PMID 26713663](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26713663)

1. Kuriyama, Wataru; Matsumoto, Takaji; Ogata, Osamu; Ino, Yasunori; Aoki, Kunimori; Tanaka, Shigeru; Ishida, Kenya; Kobayashi, Tohru; Sayo, Noboru; Saito, Takao (2012). "Catalytic Hydrogenation of Esters. Development of an Efficient Catalyst and Processes for Synthesising (R)-1,2-Propanediol and 2-(l-Menthoxy)ethanol". *Organic Process Research & Development*. **16**: 166–171. [doi:10.1021/op200234j](https://doi.org/10.1021/op200234j)

1. Dub, Pavel A. & Gordon, John C. (2018). "The role of the metal-bound N–H functionality in Noyori-type molecular catalysts". *Nature Reviews Chemistry*. **2** (12): 396–408. [doi:10.1038/s41570-018-0049-z](https://doi.org/10.1038/s41570-018-0049-z). [S2CID 106394152](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:106394152)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [MACHO catalyst](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MACHO_catalyst) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MACHO_catalyst?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.