# Lycoming Engines

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Manufacturer of aircraft engines

Lycoming Engines Lycoming water tower in Williamsport, Pennsylvania Industry Aerospace industry Founder Ellen Louise Demorest Parent Auburn Automobile (1927–1929) AVCO (1929–1985) Textron (1985–present) Website lycoming.com

**Lycoming Engines** is a major American manufacturer of [aircraft engines](/source/Aircraft_engine). With a factory in [Williamsport, Pennsylvania](/source/Williamsport%2C_Pennsylvania), Lycoming produces a line of [horizontally opposed](/source/Flat_engine), air-cooled, four, six and eight-cylinder engines.

The company has built more than 325,000 piston aircraft engines and powers more than half the world's general aviation fleet, both rotary and [fixed wing](/source/Fixed_wing).[1]

Lycoming has been a principal pioneer of turbine engines for medium and large helicopters, and has also produced engines for small jetliners and business jets.[2][3][4]

Lycoming is an operating division of [Avco](/source/Avco) Corporation, itself a subsidiary of [Textron](/source/Textron).[5][4][6]

## History

### Sewing machines, bicycles and fashion

Demorest Manufacturing Company Machine

Lycoming dates its founding to 1845 by "[Madame Ellen Curtis Demorest](/source/Ellen_Louise_Demorest)".[7] However, the early history of the company (especially prior to 1860) is unclear;[8] biographer Ishbel Ross notes that the marriage of Ellen Louise Curtis to [William Jennings Demorest](/source/William_Jennings_Demorest) took place in 1858, somewhat later than the purported date of establishment of the company.[8] A few years later in [New York](/source/New_York%2C_New_York), between c. 1860 and 1887, the Demorests published fashion magazines and operated the **Demorest Fashion and Sewing-Machine Company** (sometimes known as the **Demorest Manufacturing Company**). They produced "Madame Demorest" and "Bartlett & Demorest" [sewing machines](/source/Sewing_machine) and sold Ellen Demorest's innovative paper patterns for dressmaking.[8] During this period, Ellen Demorest patented several fashion accessories,[9][10] while her husband patented improvements to sewing machines[8] and an apparatus for the [vulcanization](/source/Vulcanization) of rubber.[11][12]

A Demorest print advertisement

Around 1883, Gerrit S. Scofield & Frank M. Scofield (advertising agents from New York) bought the Demorest brand and the sewing machine business (the Demorests retained the magazine business), and constructed a factory in [Williamsport, Pennsylvania](/source/Williamsport%2C_Pennsylvania) (in [Lycoming County](/source/Lycoming_County%2C_Pennsylvania)).[8][13] At the urging of the newly established Williamsport Board of Trade, citizens invested [US$](/source/United_States_dollar)100, 000 in the new manufacturing facility, which employed 250 people.[8] The factory produced 50 to 60 sewing machines per day.[14] With the development of the "New York Bicycle" in 1891 (designed by employee S. H. Ellis), the company diversified its product offerings.[8][14] Until the early 1900s, the factory produced sewing machines, bicycles, typewriters, opera chairs and other products.[7][8][14]

### Engine manufacture

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By 1907, the manufacture of sewing machines had become unprofitable for Demorest, and the company was sold and restructured as the **Lycoming Foundry and Machine Company**, shifting its focus toward [automobile](/source/Automobile) engine manufacture.[7][8] In 1910, the company supplied its first automobile engine to [Velie](/source/Velie),[15] and during the early post-[World-War-I](/source/World_War_I) era, the company was a major supplier to Auburn (which produced the [Auburn](/source/Auburn_Automobile), [Cord](/source/Cord_(automobile)), and [Duesenberg](/source/Duesenberg) lines).

By 1920, Lycoming was producing 60,000 engines a year, with a 2,000-strong workforce. To handle the capacity, a new foundry complex was built in [Williamsport](/source/Williamsport%2C_Pennsylvania) that year.[16] Eventually Lycoming became Auburn's principal supplier, and in 1927 [Errett Lobban Cord](/source/Errett_Lobban_Cord) bought the company,[15] placing it under his Auburn Manufacturing umbrella group.

Among the engines Lycoming produced for Cord was an L-head [straight-eight engine](/source/Straight-eight_engine) of 298.5 cu. in. displacement that produced 125 horsepower. This was used in the Cord L-29. Lycoming also produced a double overhead cam straight 8 used in the legendary Duesenberg J series. This powerplant produced 265 horsepower, six times the power of a contemporary Model A Ford. A supercharged version, generating 325 horsepower, was installed in the Duesenberg SJ and SSJ models.

In 1929, Lycoming produced its first aviation engine, the nine-cylinder [R-680](/source/Lycoming_R-680) [radial](/source/Radial_engine).[7] This was a fairly successful design, and was used widely in light [aircraft](/source/Aircraft), including Cord's [Travel Air](/source/Travel_Air).

In the 1930s, Lycoming made a number of attempts to develop successful high-power aircraft engines. The 1 200 [hp](/source/Horsepower) (895 kW) [O-1230](/source/Lycoming_O-1230) was Lycoming's attempt to produce an engine based on the [United States Army Air Corps](/source/United_States_Army_Air_Corps) [hyper engine](/source/Hyper_engine) concept, and used a variety of features to produce nearly 1 hp/[in3](/source/Cubic_inch) (46 kW/L) of [engine displacement](/source/Engine_displacement). However, by the O-1230's entry into service, it had been surpassed by other designs and the US$500 000 investment was not recouped.

Another attempt was made to rescue the design by stacking two O-1230s to make the 2 300 hp (1 700 kW) [H engine](/source/H_engine) [H-2470](/source/Lycoming_H-2470) but the only design to use it, the [Vultee XP-54](/source/Vultee_XP-54), never entered production. The [Curtiss XF14C](/source/Curtiss_XF14C) was originally intended to be powered by the H-2470, but the engine's poor performance led to the adoption of an alternative radial engine on the prototype. (The XF14C did not enter production.)

Undeterred by the O-1230/H-2470's failure, Lycoming turned to an even larger design, the 36-cylinder [XR-7755](/source/Lycoming_XR-7755), the largest aviation [piston engine](/source/Reciprocating_engine) ever built. This design also experienced problems, and was only ready for use at the very end of [World War II](/source/World_War_II), when the aviation world was turning to [turbojets](/source/Turbojet) and [turboprop](/source/Turboprop) engines to power future large aircraft.[17] There was apparently some interest in using it on the [Convair B-36 Peacemaker](/source/Convair_B-36_Peacemaker) [bomber](/source/Bomber), but the 28-cylinder [Pratt & Whitney R-4360 *Wasp Major*](/source/Pratt_%26_Whitney_R-4360_Wasp_Major) four-bank radial was used instead.

Through the 1920s and -30s, Lycoming had still been supplying automotive manufacturers with engines. However, these clients each slowly went out of business or switched to [Continental](/source/Continental_Motors%2C_Inc.) engines for their vehicles. By 1931, the company was supplying automotive engines to only three companies: [Auburn](/source/Auburn_Automobile), [Cord](/source/Cord_(automobile)) and [Duesenburg](/source/Duesenberg), still all under the control of [Cord](/source/Errett_Lobban_Cord).[16] These companies closed their doors in 1937,[18] after which Lycoming switched to exclusively designing and producing engines for aviation.[16] In the meantime, the Smith Engineering Corporation, an early manufacturer of controllable pitch propellers had been purchased by Cord and moved to Williamsport.[19][20]

In 1939 Cord re-organized all of his aviation holdings into the AVCO group, at which point the engine manufacturing company became "AVCO Lycoming". It also leased the government-owned [Stratford Army Engine Plant](/source/Stratford_Army_Engine_Plant) in [Stratford, Connecticut](/source/Stratford%2C_Connecticut), and produced [Wright](/source/Curtiss-Wright) radials under license. After the war, this plant was converted to produce the [T53](/source/Lycoming_T53) [turboshaft](/source/Turboshaft) engine, one of its more successful designs. From this point on the piston and [turbine](/source/Turbine) engine lines remained separate, with the piston lines being built in the original Williamsport factories, and turbines in Stratford.

By 1961, Lycoming produced 600 to 700 engines per month.[17] Its most successful post-war products were a series of [air-cooled](/source/Air-cooled_engine) [flat-4](/source/Flat-four_engine) and [flat-6](/source/Flat-six_engine) [general aviation](/source/General_aviation) engines. Most famous among these are the [O-320](/source/Lycoming_O-320) and [O-360](/source/Lycoming_O-360) four-cylinder engines, and the [O-540](/source/Lycoming_O-540) six-cylinder engine.[21][22] Many light aircraft are powered by versions of these engines, with power ratings in the 100–360 hp (75–270 kW) range. Engines in this series also include the [O-235](/source/Lycoming_O-235) four-, [O-580](/source/Lycoming_IO-580) six- and [O-720](/source/Lycoming_IO-720) eight-cylinder engines, and the advanced [turbocharged](/source/Turbocharger) and [fuel-injected](/source/Fuel_injection) 450 hp (340 kW) [TIGO-541](/source/Lycoming_TIO-541) variant of the venerable (carbureted) O-540.

In the early 1980s, the general aviation market suddenly diminished and Lycoming's piston engine business was significantly impacted. Attempts were made to move some of the turbine production to Williamsport, but this led to a series of [quality control](/source/Quality_control) problems and eventually it was abandoned.

Another attempt to rescue Williamsport was made in introducing the "radical" *SCORE* engine, a [Wankel engine](/source/Wankel_engine) originally developed through a joint venture between [Curtiss-Wright](/source/Curtiss-Wright) and [John Deere](/source/John_Deere). Curtiss-Wright lost interest in the design just as it was maturing and sold its interests in the project to Deere, which brought in Lycoming to sell the developed engine into the aviation markets. It was guaranteed a startup run by [Cessna](/source/Cessna), also owned by Textron. Just as production was ready to start, Cessna announced it was halting its small-aircraft business for an indefinite period, and SCORE was cancelled. The remains of the Deere licenses were later purchased by Rotary Power International, which briefly produced a 340 hp (254 kW) version.

Textron purchased the company in 1985.[23] In 1994, Textron sold the Lycoming Turbine Engine Division, located in [Stratford, Connecticut](/source/Stratford%2C_Connecticut), to [AlliedSignal](/source/AlliedSignal), who merged it with the [Garrett Engine Division](/source/Garrett_AiResearch) of AlliedSignal as part of AlliedSignal Aerospace, later becoming part of [Honeywell Aerospace](/source/Honeywell_Aerospace) in 1999.[24] Textron retained piston engine production in Williamsport.

Lycomings continue to power new light aircraft by fellow Textron division, [Cessna Aircraft](/source/Cessna_Aircraft),[25] and by [Piper](/source/Piper_Aircraft),[26] [Cirrus](/source/Cirrus_Aircraft),[27] [Diamond](/source/Diamond_Aircraft),[28] and others. Lycomings remain the most popular line of engines for U.S. Experimental / Amateur-Built (E/A-B) aircraft, surpassing the 5 next-most-popular brands, combined.[29]

## Products

The aircraft piston engine prefixes are:[30][*[failed verification](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability)*]

- A—Aerobatic (dry sump)

- AE—Aerobatic (wet sump)[31]

- D—Diesel

- E—Electronic

- G—Geared (reduction gear)

- H—Helicopter

- I—Fuel injected

- L—Left hand rotation crankshaft

- M—Designed for unmanned drone

- O—Opposed cylinders

- R—Radial cylinders

- S—Supercharged

- T—Turbocharged

- V—Vertical installation (usually for helicopters)

- X—[X-type engine](/source/X_engine)

- Y—Experimental

### Piston engines

O-145-B2

AEIO-540-D4A5

R-680

Model name Config- uration Displacement Power Intro- duction Lycoming DEL-120 I4 117 cu in (1.92 L) 205 hp 2013 Lycoming O-145 O4 144.5 cu in (2.37 L) 55 hp 1938 Lycoming IO-233 O4 233.3 cu in (3.82 L) 100 hp 2008 Lycoming O-235 O4 233.3 cu in (3.82 L) 100 hp 1942 Lycoming O-290 O4 289 cu in (4.74 L) 140 hp 1942 Lycoming O-320 O4 319.8 cu in (5.24 L) 150 hp 1953 Lycoming O-340 O4 340.4 cu in (5.58 L) 170 hp 1954 Lycoming O-360 O4 361 cu in (5.92 L) 180 hp 1955 Lycoming IO-360 O4 361 cu in (5.92 L) 200 hp 1963 Lycoming IO-390 O4 389 cu in (6.37 L) 210 hp 2009 Lycoming O-435 O6 424 cu in (6.95 L) 212 hp 1942 Lycoming O-480 O6 479.6 cu in (7.86 L) 340 hp 1954 Lycoming O-540 O6 541.5 cu in (8.87 L) 300 hp 1957 Lycoming TIO-541 O6 541.5 cu in (8.87 L) 310 hp 1965 Lycoming IO-580 O6 583 cu in (9.55 L) 300 hp 1997 Lycoming GSO-580 O8 578 cu in (9.47 L) 400 hp 1948 Lycoming R-680 R9 680 cu in (11.14 L) 330 hp 1930 Lycoming IO-720 O8 721 cu in (11.82 L) 400 hp 1961 Lycoming O-1230 O12 1,233.9 cu in (20.22 L) 1000 hp Lycoming H-2470 H24 2,467.8 cu in (40.44 L) 2,300 hp Lycoming XR-7755 IR36 7,756.3 cu in (127.10 L) 5,000 hp

### Turbine engines

T55-K-712

Lycoming was one of the principal pioneers of turbine engines -- [turboshaft](/source/Turboshaft) to be precise—for medium- and heavy-lift helicopters, some of which have found other applications as well. Its 1,400 horsepower (1,000 kW) T53 hybrid [free turbine](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Free_turbine&action=edit&redlink=1) / [shaft turbine](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shaft_turbine&action=edit&redlink=1) engine initially powered the [Bell UH-1 "Huey"](/source/Bell_UH-1), and Lycoming's 4,000 horsepower (3,000 kW) T55 is the main power for the twin-turbine, twin-rotor [Boeing CH-47 Chinook](/source/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook). Lycoming turbines have powered other helicopters, also.[2][3][4][32]

Variants and derivatives have powered various turboprop and turbofan aircraft, as well, including the [OV-1 Mohawk](/source/OV-1_Mohawk) military aircraft, [BAe 146](/source/BAe_146) jetliner, [Canadair Challenger](/source/Canadair_Challenger) business jet, and others.[2][3][4][32]

Model name Configuration Power Lycoming T53 Turboshaft 1,451 hp Lycoming T55 Turboshaft 4,867 hp Lycoming PLF1 Lycoming LTS101/LPT101 Turboshaft/Turboprop 675 hp Lycoming ALF 502 Turbofan 6,700 lbf Lycoming AGT1500 Gas turbine 1,500 hp Lycoming TF40 Gas turbine 4,000 hp[33]

## See also

- [Continental Motors, Inc.](/source/Continental_Motors%2C_Inc.)

- [Rotax](/source/Rotax)

- [Vericor Power Systems](/source/Vericor_Power_Systems)

## References

### Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-lycoming_official_history_1-0)** ["History: Decades of Pioneering Spirit"](https://www.lycoming.com/history), official website of Lycoming Engines, retrieved August 9, 2023

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-airplanes_dawn_angelucci_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-airplanes_dawn_angelucci_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-airplanes_dawn_angelucci_2-2) Angelucci, Enzo: *Airplanes: From the Dawn of Flight to the Present Day,* 1982 ed., Greenwich House / Arlington House, U.K.; retrieved August 8, 2023.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-the_helicopters_time_life_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-the_helicopters_time_life_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-the_helicopters_time_life_3-2) Young, Warren R., et.al.: *The Helicopters,* 1982, from the "Epic of Flight" series, Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia, USA (cross-referenced with Angelucci's book)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-janes_1994_1995_p756_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-janes_1994_1995_p756_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-janes_1994_1995_p756_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-janes_1994_1995_p756_4-3) Lambert, Mark, ed.: "Textron Lycoming" in "USA: Engines", *Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1994–1995,* 1994, pp. 756 et. seq., Jane's, Sentinel House, Surrey, UK/ Alexandria, Virginia, US; [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-7106-1160-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7106-1160-9)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Wragg, David W. (1973). *A Dictionary of Aviation* (first ed.). Osprey. p. 45. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780850451634](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780850451634).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [Textron Legal Entity](https://www.textron.com/Legal/Legal-Entity-Disclaimer)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Lycoming1_7-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Lycoming1_7-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Lycoming1_7-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Lycoming1_7-3) ["History"](http://www.lycoming.com/history). Lycoming Engines. 2017. Retrieved August 16, 2017.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Kelly1_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Kelly1_8-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Kelly1_8-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Kelly1_8-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Kelly1_8-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Kelly1_8-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Kelly1_8-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-Kelly1_8-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-Kelly1_8-8) Kelly (November 2006). ["Demorest Sewing Machine Company History"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090614053511/http://www.kelsew.info/Demorest/DemorestHistory.html). *kelsew.info*. Archived from [the original](http://www.kelsew.info/Demorest/DemorestHistory.html) on June 14, 2009. Retrieved December 30, 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-US87648_9-0)** [US 87648](http://www.google.com/patents?id=VPBBAAAAEBAJ), [Demorest, E. L.](/source/Ellen_Louise_Demorest) & Cook, W. G., "Brace and Suspender Combined", published March 5, 1869

1. **[^](#cite_ref-US264935_10-0)** [US 264935](http://www.google.com/patents?id=z91rAAAAEBAJ), [Demorest, E. L.](/source/Ellen_Louise_Demorest), "Puff for Head-Dresses", published March 9, 1882

1. **[^](#cite_ref-US23948_11-0)** [US 23948](http://www.google.com/patents?id=aOdfAAAAEBAJ), Roberts, Edward A. L. & [Demorest, William J.](/source/William_Jennings_Demorest), "Apparatus for Vulcanizing Rubber", published May 10, 1859

1. **[^](#cite_ref-USRE1444_12-0)** [US RE 1444](http://www.google.com/patents?id=aOdfAAAAEBAJ), Roberts, Edward A. L. & [Demorest, William J.](/source/William_Jennings_Demorest), "Improvement in Apparatus for Vulcanizing Rubber, &c.", published March 31, 1863

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NYTimes1_13-0)** ["Names Obtained by Fraud"](https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D04E6D7173AEF33A25757C0A9679D94699FD7CF). *New York Times*. November 4, 1888. p. 9. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0362-4331](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331). Retrieved December 30, 2008.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-McQuown1_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-McQuown1_14-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-McQuown1_14-2) Kevin McQuown. ["Lycoming County's Old Days"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150709091711/http://www.wasd.org/cms/lib7/PA06000060/Centricity/Domain/1/dgr/ie/olddays.html). *Williamsport Area High School Website*. Williamsport Area School District. Archived from [the original](http://www.wasd.org/cms/lib7/PA06000060/Centricity/Domain/1/dgr/ie/olddays.html) on July 9, 2015. Retrieved December 30, 2008.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Lycoming2_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Lycoming2_15-1) ["The Lycoming Museum"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120213104940/http://www.lycoming.textron.com/company/pdfs/Lycoming-Museum-Brochure.pdf) (PDF). *Lycoming*. Archived from [the original](http://www.lycoming.textron.com/company/pdfs/Lycoming-Museum-Brochure.pdf) (PDF) on February 13, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2020.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_16-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-:0_16-2) Hemmings.com. ["Sewing Machines to Straight-Eights | Hemmings Motor News"](http://www.hemmings.com/magazine/hcc/2009/11/Sewing-Machines-to-Straight-Eights/2262391.html). *www.hemmings.com*. Retrieved August 12, 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Richard_Bach_17-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Richard_Bach_17-1) Richard Bach (December 1961). "Lycomings Piston Engines". *Flying Magazine*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["ACD Co. Story"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160817172341/http://www.acdfactory.com/acd-co-story.html). *AUBURN-CORD-DUESENBERG CO*. Archived from [the original](http://www.acdfactory.com/acd-co-story.html) on August 17, 2016. Retrieved August 12, 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["Cord Buys Smith Company"](https://archive.org/details/aerodigest2319unse/page/n303). *Aero Digest*. Vol. 23, no. 4. October 1933. p. 56. Retrieved July 30, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["Lycoming to Manufacture Props"](https://archive.org/details/aerodigest2319unse/page/n301). *Aero Digest*. Vol. 23, no. 4. October 1933. p. 54. Retrieved July 30, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-amazing_2014_03_15_flyingmag_21-0)** ["50 Amazing Aircraft Engines,"](https://www.flyingmag.com/photo-gallery-photos-50-amazing-aircraft-engines/) March 15, 2014, *[Flying](/source/Flying_(magazine)),* retrieved August 8, 2023

1. **[^](#cite_ref-engine_guide_2013_kitplanes_22-0)** Wilson, Tom: [*2013 Engine Buyer’s Guide*: "Part 1: Traditional powerplants,"](https://www.kitplanes.com/2013-engine-buyers-guide/) February 14, 2013, *Kitplanes,* retrieved August 8, 2023

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** ["History | Textron"](http://www.textron.com/About/Company/History). *www.textron.com*. Retrieved August 12, 2016.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Leyes_24-0)** Leyes, p. 725

1. **[^](#cite_ref-cessna_single_engine_txtav_25-0)** ["Single-Engine Aircraft"](https://cessna.txtav.com/) on "Cessna" page, [Cessna](/source/Textron_Aviation), retrieved June 29, 2023

1. **[^](#cite_ref-models_piper_26-0)** ["Models"](https://www.piper.com/models/), [Piper](/source/Piper_Aircraft), retrieved June 29, 2023

1. **[^](#cite_ref-cirrus_fleet_27-0)** ["Built for Flight Training,"](https://cirrusaircraft.com/fleet/) [Cirrus Aircraft](/source/Cirrus_Aircraft), retrieved June 29, 2023

1. **[^](#cite_ref-why_diamond_28-0)** ["Why Diamond"](https://www.diamondaircraft.com/en/), [Diamond Aircraft](/source/Diamond_Aircraft), retrieved June 29, 2023

1. **[^](#cite_ref-baton_2022_12_19_kitplanes_29-0)** Wanttaja, Ron: ["Homebuilt Accidents: Passing the Engine Baton,"](https://www.kitplanes.com/homebuilt-accidents-passing-the-engine-baton/?unapproved=371105&moderation-hash=e7e829eebf89be6c06e652d487588586#comment-371105) December 19, 2022, *Kitplanes,* retrieved June 29, 2023

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Lycoming360SpecSheet_30-0)** ["360 Series"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101126094011/http://lycoming.com/engines/series/pdfs/360ci%20Engine%20Insert.pdf) (PDF). *Lycoming*. 2004. Archived from [the original](http://lycoming.com/engines/series/pdfs/360ci%20Engine%20Insert.pdf) (PDF) on November 26, 2010. Retrieved September 13, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Lycoming_aerobatic_engines_31-0)** ["Aerobatic engines"](https://web.archive.org/web/20101206134708/http://www.lycoming.textron.com/engines/aerobatic/pdfs/Aerobatic%20insert.pdf) (PDF). Archived from [the original](http://www.lycoming.textron.com/engines/aerobatic/pdfs/Aerobatic%20insert.pdf) (PDF) on December 6, 2010. Retrieved March 19, 2011.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-janes_1966_1967_32-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-janes_1966_1967_32-1) [John W. R. Taylor](/source/John_W._R._Taylor), ed.: "AVCO Lycoming" in "USA: Engines", *Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1966-1967,* 1967, pp.517 et. seq., Jane's, Bucks, England, U.K. / McGraw-Hill, New York, USA

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** ["TF40"](http://www.vericor.com/products/tf40). *Vericor*. Retrieved September 13, 2021.

### Bibliography

- Gunston, Bill (2006). *World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines, 5th Edition*. Phoenix Mill, Gloucestershire, England, UK: Sutton Publishing Limited. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-7509-4479-X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7509-4479-X).

- Leyes II, Richard A.; William A. Fleming (1999). ["10"](https://books.google.com/books?id=V0SnFt8JGokC&q=Garrett+TPF351&pg=PA708). *The History of North American Small Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines*. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. p. 725. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [1-56347-332-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56347-332-1).

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Lycoming engines](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lycoming_engines).

- [Official website](http://www.lycoming.com/)

v t e Lycoming aircraft engines Opposed piston engines O-145 O-233 IO-233 O-235 O-290 O-320 O-340 O-360 (O-360 variants) IO-390 O-435 O-480 O-540 TIO-541 GSO-580 IO-580 IO-720 O-1230 Radial engines and H engines R-680 XR-7755 XH-2470 Aircraft diesel engines DEL-120 Turbofans PLF1 ALF 502/YF102 LF 507 Turboprops/Turboshafts AGT1500 LTS101/LTP101 T53 T55 Aero-derivative marine gas turbines TF-40 Joint development Avco (Lycoming)/Pratt & Whitney: T800-APW (Turboshaft) See also AlliedSignal Aerospace/Honeywell Aerospace

v t e Textron Subsidiaries AAI Corporation Aerosonde Ltd Arctic Cat Avco Bell Textron Cushman Jacobsen Dixie Chopper Ransomes Textron Aviation Beechcraft Cessna McCauley Propeller Systems Pipistrel Textron Systems Lycoming Engines MillenWorks Textron Marine & Land Systems TRU Simulation + Training Joint ventures Bell Agusta Aerospace Company Electric Transit, Inc. People Scott C. Donnelly Dick Millman Jack J. Pelton Products AN/SPN-46 Arctic Cat M800 M1117 armored security vehicle Fleet-class unmanned surface vessel Landing Craft Air Cushion MillenWorks Light Utility Vehicle CBU-97 Sensor Fuzed Weapon Ship-to-Shore Connector Stingray light tank Related Beech Factory Airport Textron Tower

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Lycoming Engines](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycoming_Engines) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycoming_Engines?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.