# Lycodapus

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{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = FMIB 33525 Lycodapus Fierasfer Gilbert.jpeg
| image_caption = ''Lycodapus fierasfer''
| taxon = Lycodapus
| authority = [Gilbert](/source/Charles_Henry_Gilbert), 1890
| type_species = ''Lycodapus fierasfer'' 
| type_species_authority = Gilbert, 1890<ref name = CofF>{{Cof family|family=Lycodinae|access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref>
}}
'''Lycodapus''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of marine [ray-finned fish](/source/ray-finned_fish)es belonging to the [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) [Zoarcidae](/source/Zoarcidae), the [eelpout](/source/eelpout)s. The species in this genus are found in the Pacific and Southern Oceans.

==Taxonomy==
''Lycodapus'' was first proposed as a [monospecific genus](/source/monospecific_genus) in 1890 by the American ichthyologist Charles Henry Gilbert when he [described](/source/Species_description) ''Lycodapus fierasfer''<ref name = CofF/> from the [Gulf of California](/source/Gulf_of_California).<ref name = CofF2>{{Cof genus|genus=Lycodapus|access-date=7 November 2022}}</ref> This genus is classified within the [subfamily](/source/subfamily) [Lycodinae](/source/Lycodinae), one of 4 subfamilies in the family Zoarcidae, the eelpouts.<ref name = A&F2004>{{cite journal | author1 = Anderson, M. E. | author2 = V. V. Fedorov | name-list-style = and | year = 2004 | title = Family Zoarcidae Swainson 1839 — eelpouts | journal = California Academy of Sciences Annotated Checklists of Fishes | volume = 34 | url = https://www.calacademy.org/sites/default/files/assets/docs/zoarcidae.pdf}}</ref> This genus is the [sister taxon](/source/sister_taxon) to ''[Bothrocara](/source/Bothrocara)'', ''[Bothrocarina](/source/Bothrocarina)'' and ''[Lycogrammoides](/source/Lycogrammoides)'', and these four genera form a [clade](/source/clade) within the subfamily Lycodinae.<ref name = Anderson>{{cite journal | author = M. Eric Anderson | author2 = Duane E. Stevenson | author3 = Gento Shinohara | year = 2009 | title = Systematic review of the genus ''Bothrocara'' Bean 1890 (Teleostei: Zoarcidae) | journal = Ichthyological Research| volume = 56 | issue = 2 | pages = 172–194 | doi = 10.1007/s10228-008-0086-6| s2cid = 41632983 }}</ref>

==Etymology==
''Lycodapus'' is a [compound](/source/Compound_(linguistics)) of the [Greek](/source/Greek_language) word or "[wolf](/source/wolf)", ''lykos'', a reference to the [type genus](/source/type_genus) of the Lycodinae, and ''apous'', which means "without feet", an allusion to the lack of [pelvic fin](/source/pelvic_fin)s in this genus.<ref name = ETYFish>{{cite web | url = http://etyfish.org/perciformes14/ | title = Order Perciformes Suborder Cottoidea: Infraorder Zoarcales: Family: Zoarcidae | work = The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database | editor1= Christopher Scharpf | editor2 = Kenneth J. Lazara | name-list-style = amp |date = 6 May 2022 | access-date = 7 November 2022 | publisher = Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara}}</ref>

== Species ==
Lycodapus contains the following species:<ref name = Fishbase>{{FishBase genus|genus=Lycodapus|month=June|year=2022}}</ref>
{{Linked species list 
| Lycodapus antarcticus | [Tomo](/source/Aedo_Pascual_Tomo), 1982
| Lycodapus australis | [Norman](/source/John_Roxborough_Norman), 1937
| Lycodapus derjugini | [Andriashev](/source/Anatoly_Andriyashev), 1935
| Lycodapus dermatinus | [Gilbert](/source/Charles_Henry_Gilbert), 1896
| Lycodapus endemoscotus | [Peden](/source/Alex_E._Peden) & [M. E. Anderson](/source/M._Eric_Anderson), 1978
| Lycodapus fierasfer | Gilbert, 1890
| Lycodapus leptus | Peden & M. E. Anderson, 1981
| Lycodapus mandibularis | Gilbert, 1915
| Lycodapus microchir | [Schmidt](/source/Peter_Schmidt_(zoologist)), 1950
| Lycodapus pachysoma | Peden & M. E. Anderson, 1978
| Lycodapus parviceps | Gilbert, 1896
| Lycodapus poecilus | Peden & M. E. Anderson, 1981
| Lycodapus psarostomatus | Peden & M. E. Anderson, 1981
}}

==Characteristics==
''Lycodapus'' eelpouts have bodies which vary from slender to robust, the depth varying between 3.2% to 10% of the [standard length](/source/standard_length). They may have transparent, gelatinous or opaque skin with no scales present. There are also no oral valve, occipital pores or pelvic fins. The only suborbital bone present is the [lacrimal](/source/Lacrimal_bone).<ref name = FofSO>{{cite book | author = Anderson, M.E. | year = 1990 | chapter = Zoarcidae | pages = 256–276 | editor1 =O. Gon | editor2 = [P.C. Heemstra](/source/Phil_Heemstra) | name-list-style = and | title = Fishes of the Southern Ocean | publisher = J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Grahamstown, South Africa | isbn = 9780868102115 | url = https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/240475#page/278/mode/1up}}</ref> The gill slit is not joined to the isthmus to its rear. The flesh is gelatinous. In males the front teeth in the jaw are canine like. The [pseudobranch](/source/pseudobranch), [vomerine](/source/Vomerine_teeth) and [palatine](/source/palatine_bone) teeth are normally present. The [pectoral fin](/source/pectoral_fin) has between 5 and 9 rays.<ref name = Anderson1994>{{cite journal | author = M. Eric Anderson | year = 1994 | title = Systematics and Osteology of the Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) | journal = Ichthyological Bulletin of the J.L.B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology | volume = 60 | url = http://vital.seals.ac.za:8080/vital/access/manager/PdfViewer/vital:15033/SOURCEPDF?viewPdfInternal=1}}</ref> These are small eelpouts, some of which are mature at lengths of {{cvt|120|mm}}.<ref name = FofSO/> The largest species is ''Lycodapus antatcticus'' which has a maximum published [total length](/source/total_length) of {{cvt|22.5|cm}}.<ref name = Fishbase/>

==Distribution and habitat==
''Lycodapus'' eelpouts are found mainly in the eastern Pacific Ocean with some species extending into the [Bering Sea](/source/Bering_Sea) and western North Pacific Oceans and others extending into the Southern Ocean. They appear to be [mesopelagic](/source/Mesopelagic_fish) fishes with most [specimens](/source/Zoological_specimen) being collected in open nets. There is also some evidence for [diel vertical migration](/source/diel_vertical_migration) which has been described for ''Lycodapus mandibularis''.<ref name = Anderson1994/>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2078685}}

Category:Lycodinae
Category:Taxa named by Charles Henry Gilbert

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Lycodapus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycodapus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycodapus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.