# Lubsko > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Lubsko > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Lubsko.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubsko > Source revision: 1346522320 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Infobox settlement | name = Lubsko | image_skyline = Lubsko zamek 02.jpg | imagesize = 250px | image_caption = Lubsko castle | image_flag = POL_Lubsko_flag.svg | image_shield = POL Lubsko COA.svg | pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_label = Lubsko | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{POL}} | subdivision_type1 = [Voivodeship](/source/Voivodeships_of_Poland) | subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Lubusz Voivodeship|name=Lubusz}} | subdivision_type2 = [County](/source/List_of_Polish_counties) | subdivision_name2 = [Żary](/source/%C5%BBary_County) | subdivision_type3 = [Gmina](/source/Gmina) | subdivision_name3 = [Lubsko](/source/Gmina_Lubsko) | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = Janusz Dudojć | established_title = Established | established_date = before 1258 | established_title3 = Town rights | established_date3 = 1283 | elevation_min_m = 65 | elevation_max_m = 122 | area_total_km2 = 12.56 | population_as_of = 2019-06-30{{cite web |title=Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June|url=https://stat.gov.pl/en/topics/population/population/population-size-and-structure-and-vital-statistics-in-poland-by-territorial-division-in-2019-as-of-30th-june,3,26.html|website=stat.gov.pl|publisher=Statistics Poland|date=2019-10-15|access-date=2020-05-12}} | population_total = 13921 | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [CET](/source/Central_European_Time) | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [CEST](/source/Central_European_Summer_Time) | utc_offset_DST = +2 | coordinates = {{coord|51|47|N|14|58|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}} | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 68-300 | area_code = +48 68 | blank_name = [Car plates](/source/Polish_car_number_plates) | blank_info = FZA | blank1_name = [Climate](/source/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification) | blank1_info = [Cfb](/source/Oceanic_climate) | website = https://lubsko.pl }} '''Lubsko''' {{IPAc-pl|'|l|u|p|s|k|o}} ({{langx|de|Sommerfeld}}, [Lower Sorbian](/source/Lower_Sorbian_language): ''Žemŕ''), formerly '''Zemsz''', is a town in [Żary County](/source/%C5%BBary_County) in the [Lubusz Voivodeship](/source/Lubusz_Voivodeship) in western [Poland](/source/Poland).{{TERYT}} It is the administrative seat of the [Gmina Lubsko](/source/Gmina_Lubsko) and has a population of 13,921 (2019). ==History== thumb|left|Żary Gate Tower, a remnant of medieval town fortifications In the [early Middle Ages](/source/early_Middle_Ages) there was a [West Slavic](/source/West_Slavs) or Lechitic [stronghold](/source/gr%C3%B3d) here, followed by a market settlement on the border between [Poland](/source/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1025-1385)) and [Lusatia](/source/Lusatia).{{cite web|url=https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Lubsko;3934171.html|title=Lubsko|website=Encyklopedia PWN|access-date=13 October 2019|language=Polish}} Probably its oldest name was ''Żemrje''.{{cite web|url=https://lubsko.pl/pl/historia-miasta|title=Historia miasta|website=Lubsko|access-date=30 April 2019|language=Polish}} It is located within [Lower Lusatia](/source/Lower_Lusatia), but at some times it also belonged to [Silesia](/source/Silesia), e.g. under the Polish rulers [Bolesław the Brave](/source/Boles%C5%82aw_the_Brave) and [Henry the Bearded](/source/Henry_the_Bearded). The town was first documented in 1258 and received [town privileges](/source/German_town_law) by the [Lusatian](/source/March_of_Lusatia) margrave [Henry III of Wettin](/source/Henry_III%2C_Margrave_of_Meissen) in 1283. The name ''Sommerfeld'', German for "summer field", already appeared in an 1106 deed allegedly issued by margrave [Henry I of Wettin](/source/Henry_I%2C_Margrave_of_the_Saxon_Ostmark), who nevertheless had died three years before. The [Wettin](/source/House_of_Wettin) margraves sold the town to [Brandenburg](/source/Margraviate_of_Brandenburg) in 1304. Given in pawn several times, Emperor [Charles IV of Luxembourg](/source/Charles_IV%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor) finally granted Sommerfeld with Lower Lusatia to the [Silesian Piast](/source/Silesian_Piasts) duke [Bolko II the Small](/source/Bolko_II_the_Small). In 1364, Bolko II granted new [privileges](/source/Privilege_(law)) to the town.Krystyna Pieradzka, ''Historyczny rozwój zachodniej granicy Dolnego Śląska do początku czasów nowożytnych'', "Przegląd Zachodni", No. 7-8/1948, p. 63 (in Polish) After Bolko's death in 1368 it was seized as a reverted fief by the [Bohemian (Czech) Crown](/source/Kingdom_of_Bohemia). In 1411, Czech King [Wenceslaus IV](/source/Wenceslaus_IV_of_Bohemia) granted the town the [privilege](/source/privilege_(law)) of minting coins.{{cite web|url=https://lubsko.pl/pl/kalendarium-lubska|title=Kalendarium Lubska|website=Lubsko|access-date=13 October 2019|language=Polish}} In 1429, the [Hussites](/source/Hussites) invaded the town. During the war of the succession of the [Duchy of Głogów](/source/Duchy_of_G%C5%82og%C3%B3w), the town returned under Polish rule and in 1464 it paid homage and swore allegiance to Piast Duke [John II the Mad](/source/Jan_II_the_Mad).Pieradzka, ''[Op. cit.](/source/Op._cit.)'', p. 64 [[File:Ratusz w Lubsku by kurczak.jpg|thumb|left|[Renaissance](/source/Renaissance_architecture) Town Hall]] When the Brandenburg Elector [Albert III Achilles of Hohenzollern](/source/Albert_III%2C_Elector_of_Brandenburg) acquired the nearby [Silesia](/source/Silesia)n towns of [Krossen](/source/Krosno_Odrza%C5%84skie) (Krosno Odrzańskie) and [Züllichau](/source/Sulech%C3%B3w) (Sulechów) in 1482, the adjacent Sommerfeld area too came into the possession of Brandenburg and was incorporated into the [Neumark](/source/Neumark) district. At the time, the town and the surrounding area were inhabited mainly by Slavonic [Sorbs](/source/Sorbs). In 1496 and 1597 the town suffered from fires, and in 1527 1,100 inhabitants died of an epidemic. During the [Napoleonic Wars](/source/Napoleonic_Wars) and [Polish national liberation fights](/source/History_of_Poland_(1795%E2%80%931918)) in February 1813, Polish [uhlan](/source/uhlan)s quartered in the town. From 1816 on the town belonged to the [Prussian](/source/Kingdom_of_Prussia) [Province of Brandenburg](/source/Province_of_Brandenburg). In 1846 Sommerfeld received a station on the [railway line](/source/Berlin%E2%80%93Wroc%C5%82aw_railway) connecting [Berlin](/source/Berlin) with [Breslau (Wrocław)](/source/Wroc%C5%82aw). From 1871 to 1945 the town was part of Germany. During [World War II](/source/World_War_II), the Germans established seven [forced labour](/source/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II) camps in the town. The town was captured by the Soviets in February 1945, and in June it was handed over to Poland in accordance with the [Potsdam Agreement](/source/Potsdam_Agreement). During the war the town miraculously survived from any severe destruction and artillery fire, thus its medieval Old Town and Market Square are preserved to this day. In the years that followed World War II the remaining inhabitants of Sommerfeld were gradually [expelled](/source/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_from_Poland_during_and_after_World_War_II) and the town was resettled with ethnic [Poles](/source/Polish_people), expelled from the pre-war Polish [Eastern Borderlands](/source/Eastern_Borderlands), annexed by the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union). Initially, the new Polish administrative name was ''Zemsz'', however, it was later changed to Lubsko for unknown reasons. The name Zemsz is still used by some locals and historians alongside the current one. In 1947 the "Patria" cinema, and in 1964 the Lubsko Culture House was opened. ==Sights== thumb|Church of the Visitation The historic landmarks of Lubsko are: *the Lubsko Castle *the [Gothic](/source/Gothic_architecture) Church of the Visitation *the Żary Gate Tower (''Wieża Bramy Żarskiej''), a remnant of medieval town fortifications *the [Renaissance](/source/Renaissance_architecture) town hall ==Notable people== *[Carl Friedrich Warnstorf](/source/Carl_Friedrich_Warnstorf) (1837–1921), German educator and bryologist *[Carl Herman Unthan](/source/Carl_Herman_Unthan) (1848–1949), German violinist *The last [German](/source/German_Empire) Empress [Augusta Viktoria of Schleswig-Holstein](/source/Augusta_Viktoria_of_Schleswig-Holstein) was born in [Dolzig Palace](/source/Dolzig_Palace) (Dłużek, part of modern Lubsko) in 1858. *The neurologist [Alfred Goldscheider](/source/Alfred_Goldscheider) was born in Sommerfeld in the same year. *[Gerhard Domagk](/source/Gerhard_Domagk) attended school in Sommerfeld until he was 14; the scientist would later win the [Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine](/source/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine) in 1939. *The actress [Joanna Brodzik](/source/Joanna_Brodzik) attended elementary school in Lubsko in the 1980s. *Polish singer [Ewelina Flinta](/source/Ewelina_Flinta) was born in Lubsko. ==Twin towns – sister cities== See [twin towns of Gmina Lubsko](/source/Gmina_Lubsko). ==References== {{reflist}} ==External links== {{commons category|Lubsko}} *[http://www.um.lubsko.pl/index.php?id=0&lng=eng Municipal website] {{Gmina Lubsko}} {{Authority control}} Category:Cities and towns in Lubusz Voivodeship Category:Żary County --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Lubsko](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubsko) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lubsko?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.