# Lombarda

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{{Short description|Trobairitz}}
{{no footnotes|date=February 2008}}
thumb|upright|Lombarda in chansonnier H
'''Lombarda''' (born c. 1190) was an early 13th-century [trobairitz](/source/trobairitz) from [Toulouse](/source/Toulouse) ([fl.](/source/floruit) 1217–1262) known only from her ''[vida](/source/Vida_(Occitan_literary_form))'' and a short ''[tenso](/source/tenso)''. Though her name has been taken to imply that she was from [Lombardy](/source/Lombardy), it rather indicates that she was from a [banking](/source/banking) or [merchant](/source/merchant) family, since "Lombard" was used throughout Western Europe in this sense at the time. Other scholars have suggested, because of her connexion to a lord of [Armagnac](/source/House_of_Armagnac), that she was from [Gascony](/source/Gascony).

She wrote in the [trobar clus](/source/trobar_clus) style, one of the few women to do so. Her only surviving work is tied up with her ''vida'' and a ''[razo](/source/razo)''. According to her ''vida,'' she was noble, beautiful, charming, and learned, skilled at composing songs about ''[fin'amors](/source/courtly_love)''. The adjective "noble" and the [honorific](/source/honorific) ''Na'' (lady) attached to her name imply that she was married and probably in her early twenties at the time of her poetic activity.

Sometime before 1217, when he claimed Armagnac, [Bernart Arnaut](/source/Bernart_Arnaut_d'Armagnac), the brother of then-count [Geraud V](/source/Geraud_V_of_Armagnac), visited Lombarda and befriended her. He left, however, without seeing her one last time and sent a short poem to her house. It is to this poem that Lombarda penned a response and sent it to him.

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
*Bogin, Meg. ''The Women Troubadours''. Scarborough: Paddington, 1976. {{ISBN|0-8467-0113-8}}.
*Bruckner, Matilda Tomaryn; Shepard, Laurie; and White, Sarah. ''Songs of the Women Troubadours''. New York: Garland Publishing, 1995. {{ISBN|0-8153-0817-5}}.
*Egan, Margarita, ed. ''The Vidas of the Troubadours''. New York: Garland, 1984. {{ISBN|0-8240-9437-9}}.
{{refend}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lombarda}} 
Category:1190s births
Category:13th-century deaths
Category:Musicians from Toulouse
Category:French women poets
Category:Trobairitz
Category:13th-century French troubadours
Category:13th-century French women writers
Category:Writers from Toulouse

{{France-poet-stub}}
Category:13th-century women musicians
Category:13th-century women writers

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Lombarda](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombarda) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombarda?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.