# Lokanga bara

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The **lokanga bara** (sometimes referred to by the generic term *lokanga*) is a three-stringed [fiddle](/source/Fiddle) popular among the Southern [Antandroy](/source/Antandroy) and [Bara](/source/Bara_people) ethnic groups of [Madagascar](/source/Madagascar).[1]

The related term **lokanga bazaha** ("foreign lokanga") is used to refer to the European violin.[2]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Emoff2002_1-0)** Ron Emoff (2002). [*Recollecting from the past: musical practice and spirit possession on the east coast of Madagascar*](https://books.google.com/books?id=unlmyidJNHcC&pg=PA91). Wesleyan University Press. pp. 91–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-8195-6500-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8195-6500-6). Retrieved 30 April 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Tenaille2002_2-0)** Frank Tenaille (1 August 2002). [*Music is the weapon of the future: fifty years of African popular music*](https://books.google.com/books?id=5fMZ8La_PSYC&pg=PA47). Chicago Review Press. pp. 47–. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-55652-450-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55652-450-9). Retrieved 30 April 2011.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Lokanga bara](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokanga_bara) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokanga_bara?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.