# LoTr 5

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Planetary nebula in the constellation Coma Berenices

LoTr 5 Emission nebula Planetary nebula LoTr 5 taken by Hunter Outten (Outten Astrophotography) Observation data: J2000 epoch Right ascension 12h 55m 33.7462s[1] Declination +25° 53′ 30.561″[1] Distance 1,650 ± 39 ly (506 ± 12[2] pc) Apparent diameter ~500″[3] Constellation Coma Berenices Physical characteristics Radius 1.8 ly (0.55[4] pc) Designations PN G339.9+88.4[5] See also: Lists of nebulae

**LoTr 5** is a large, faint [planetary nebula](/source/Planetary_nebula) in the [constellation](/source/Constellation) of [Coma Berenices](/source/Coma_Berenices). In 2018, its [parallax](/source/Stellar_parallax) was measured by *[Gaia](/source/Gaia_(spacecraft))*, giving a distance of about 1,650 [light-years](/source/Light-year) (510 [parsecs](/source/Parsec)).[1][2]

As of 2018, LoTr 5 has the highest [galactic latitude](/source/Galactic_latitude) of any known planetary nebula, being only 1.5 degrees away from the galactic north pole.[6] Scientists noted this because if the distance of the nebula were found to be greater than a few hundred parsecs, then the gas from the nebula would be expanding into the [galactic halo](/source/Galactic_halo), where there is little interaction with the [interstellar medium](/source/Interstellar_medium).[3]

## Nomenclature

The nebula is most commonly referred to as LoTr 5, short for **Longmore-Tritton 5**. It was discovered in 1980 by A. J. Longmore and S. B. Tritton, who found the nebula on photographic plates taken at the [UK Schmidt Telescope](/source/UK_Schmidt_Telescope).[7]

The central star has a number of different names. It is often referred to by its [Henry Draper Catalogue](/source/Henry_Draper_Catalogue) designation **HD 112313**, or by its [variable star designation](/source/Variable_star_designation) **IN Comae Berenices**. The [General Catalogue of Variable Stars](/source/General_Catalogue_of_Variable_Stars) describes it as R:/PN, meaning it is likely a close [binary star](/source/Binary_star) system with reflection of starlight being the cause of variation, as well as being part of the nucleus of a planetary nebula.[8]

## Structure

LoTr 5 is one of the largest planetary nebulae known, with a radius of 1.8 light-years (0.55 parsecs).[4] It mostly emits light at a wavelength of 500.7 nm, corresponding to a [doubly ionized oxygen](/source/Doubly_ionized_oxygen) line.[3]

LoTr 5 is not spherical, but is instead a [bipolar nebula](/source/Bipolar_nebula).[3] Many bipolar and non-spherical nebulae are known to exist, but it is the processes that cause planetary nebulae to get their shapes are not clear, and have been the subject of much debate. However, the "binary hypothesis" posits that binary stars are more likely to produce non-spherical nebulae.[9] For LoTr 5, the binary system likely played a role in shaping the nebula.[3]

A modelling of LoTr 5 shows that it is composed of two round lobes,[3] making a peanut shape. The semimajor and semiminor axes are about 390 arcsec and 100 arcsec, respectively. The [position angle](/source/Position_angle) of the long axis is 55°. The long axis is tilted 17° away from the line of sight, so there is considerable overlap between the farther northeastern lobe and the closer southwestern lobe.[3] The nebula is not perfectly symmetrical: there appears to be a "hole" east of the nucleus, while the western side has an "arc" of emission.[3]

## Binary system

IN Comae Berenices A visual band light curve for IN Comae Berenices, adapted from Strassmeier et al. (1999)[10] Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 Constellation Coma Berenices Right ascension 12h 55m 33.7462s[1] Declination +25° 53′ 30.561″[1] Apparent magnitude (V) 8.69[2] Characteristics Spectral type G5 III[2] + sdO[6] U−B color index +0.31[11] B−V color index +0.81[11] V−R color index +0.73[11] Astrometry Radial velocity (Rv) −16.50 ± 0.2[5] km/s Proper motion (μ) RA: −25.588[1] mas/yr Dec.: 4.783[1] mas/yr Parallax (π) 1.9768±0.0462 mas[1] Distance 1,650 ± 40 ly (510 ± 10 pc) Absolute bolometric magnitude (Mbol) 0.01 ± 0.08[2] Orbit[6] Period (P) 2689 ± 52 Eccentricity (e) 0.249 ± 0.018 Periastron epoch (T) 2455944 ± 25 Argument of periastron (ω) (secondary) 259.9 ± 4.8° Semi-amplitude (K1) (primary) 4.630 ± 0.084 km/s Details[6] Mass 1.8 ± 0.4 M☉ Radius 11.1+5.0 −2.2 R☉ Luminosity 78 ± 6 L☉ Surface gravity (log g) 2.6 ± 0.1 cgs Temperature 5400 ± 100 K Metallicity [Fe/H] −0.10 ± 0.05 dex Rotation 5.973 ± 0.008 d Rotational velocity (v sin i) 67.0 ± 1.5 km/s Other designations BD+26 2405, HD 112313, HIP 63087, SAO 82570[5] Database references SIMBAD data

The central system at LoTr 5 has been known to be binary since 1983.[12] At the center there is an evolved [G-type star](/source/G-type_star) (IN Comae Berenices) that is often classified as a [giant star](/source/Giant_star) or a [subgiant](/source/Subgiant), as well as a hot [O-type subdwarf](/source/O-type_subdwarf) or [white dwarf](/source/White_dwarf) that is responsible for ionizing the nebula.[6][13] The subdwarf is one of the hottest stars known,[13] with an effective temperature of about 150,000 K.[2]

The two stars orbit each very slowly; in fact, with an [orbital period](/source/Orbital_period) of 2,689 ± 52 days (7.36 ± 0.14 a), this is one of the longest periods for a binary system within a planetary nebula. The orbit is also moderately eccentric, at 0.249 ± 0.018.[6] For a long time the hierarchical structure of the system has not been clear. Earlier studies came up with inner orbits around IN Comae Berenices with periods of 1.95 days[14] or 1.75 days,[15] and/or suggesting a third star orbiting the central G-type star.[14][15] The central stars' orbit appears to have a discrepancy with the nebula's "waist" such that the nebula's inclination of 17° may be too low. It is also possible, but more unlikely that the stellar orbits are not coplanar with the nebula's "waist", or that there is an undiscovered object in a close orbit with the degenerate star.[16]

IN Comae Berenices is known to be a [variable star](/source/Variable_star), with its brightness varying on a cycle that is about 5.9 days long. This corresponds to the [rotation period](/source/Rotation_period) of the star, and the variability is attributed to [starspots](/source/Starspot), making it an [RS Canum Venaticorum variable](/source/RS_Canum_Venaticorum_variable). With [Doppler imaging](/source/Doppler_imaging), the starspots were found to be lying at middle latitudes (40–50°), covering 22% of the star's surface, and about 600 K cooler than the rest of the star's surface.[11] Its spectrum shows it to be rich in [barium](/source/Barium) and other [*s*-process](/source/S-process) elements, making it a [barium star](/source/Barium_star).[6]

IN Comae Berenices emits [X-rays](/source/X-ray). These X-rays likely come from the star's [corona](/source/Stellar_corona), and are associated with the star's rapid rotation.[17]

In terms of structure, LoTr 5 is very similar to [Abell 35](/source/Abell_35), another planetary nebula. Both are large and faint planetary nebulae with a binary nucleus, consisting of a rapidly rotating G-type star that is a rotational variable.[13]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR2_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR2_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR2_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR2_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR2_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR2_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR2_1-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR2_1-7) [Brown, A. G. A.](/source/Anthony_Brown_(scientist)); et al. ([Gaia collaboration](/source/Data_Processing_and_Analysis_Consortium)) (August 2018). ["*Gaia* Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties"](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201833051). *[Astronomy & Astrophysics](/source/Astronomy_%26_Astrophysics)*. **616**. A1. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1804.09365](https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.09365). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2018A&A...616A...1G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A&A...616A...1G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/201833051](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201833051).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Kovari2019_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Kovari2019_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Kovari2019_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Kovari2019_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Kovari2019_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Kovari2019_2-5) Kővári, Zs.; Strassmeier, K. G.; Oláh, K.; Kriskovics, L.; Vida, K.; Carroll, T. A.; Granzer, T.; Ilyin, I.; Jurcsik, J.; Kővári, E.; Weber, M. (2019). "Surface magnetic activity of the fast-rotating G5 giant IN Comae, central star of the faint planetary nebula LoTr 5". *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. **624**: A83. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1902.09460](https://arxiv.org/abs/1902.09460). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2019A&A...624A..83K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019A&A...624A..83K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/201834810](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201834810). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [118977429](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118977429).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Graham2004_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Graham2004_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Graham2004_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Graham2004_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Graham2004_3-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Graham2004_3-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Graham2004_3-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-Graham2004_3-7) Graham, M. F.; Meaburn, J.; Lopez, J. A.; Harman, D. J.; Holloway, A. J. (2004). ["The bipolarity of the highest Galactic latitude planetary nebula, LoTr 5 (PN G339.9+88.4), around IN Com"](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2004.07342.x). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **347** (4): 1370–1378. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2004MNRAS.347.1370G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004MNRAS.347.1370G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07342.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2004.07342.x).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Jasniewicz1996_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Jasniewicz1996_4-1) Jasniewicz, G.; Thevenin, F.; Monier, R.; Skiff, B. A. (1996). "The central star of LoTr 5 revisited". *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **307**: 200. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1996A&A...307..200J](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996A&A...307..200J).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SIMBAD_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SIMBAD_5-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-SIMBAD_5-2) ["PN LoTr 5"](http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=PN+LoTr+5). *[SIMBAD](/source/SIMBAD)*. [Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg](/source/Centre_de_donn%C3%A9es_astronomiques_de_Strasbourg). Retrieved 2020-03-01.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Aller2018_6-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Aller2018_6-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Aller2018_6-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Aller2018_6-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Aller2018_6-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Aller2018_6-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Aller2018_6-6) Aller, A.; Lillo-Box, J.; Vučković, M.; Van Winckel, H.; Jones, D.; Montesinos, B.; Zorotovic, M.; Miranda, L. F. (2018). ["A new look inside planetary nebula LoTr 5: A long-period binary with hints of a possible third component"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fsty174). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **476** (1): 1140–1150. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1801.06032](https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.06032). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2018MNRAS.476.1140A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.476.1140A). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/sty174](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fsty174). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [119477283](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119477283).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-LongmoreTritton_7-0)** Longmore, A. J.; Tritton, S. B. (1980). ["A second list of new planetary nebulae found on United Kingdom 1.2-m Schmidt telescope plates"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F193.3.521). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **193** (3): 521–524. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1980MNRAS.193..521L](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980MNRAS.193..521L). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/193.3.521](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2F193.3.521).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-GCVS_8-0)** Samus, N. N.; Durlevich, O. V.; et al. (2009). "VizieR Online Data Catalog: General Catalogue of Variable Stars (Samus+ 2007-2013)". *VizieR On-line Data Catalog: B/GCVS. Originally Published in: 2009yCat....102025S*. **1**. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2009yCat....102025S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009yCat....102025S).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Douchin2015_9-0)** Douchin, Dimitri; [De Marco, Orsola](/source/Orsola_De_Marco); Frew, D. J.; Jacoby, G. H.; Jasniewicz, G.; Fitzgerald, M.; Passy, Jean-Claude; Harmer, D.; Hillwig, Todd; Moe, Maxwell (2015). ["The binary fraction of planetary nebula central stars – II. A larger sample and improved technique for the infrared excess search"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu2700). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society*. **448** (4): 3132–3155. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2015MNRAS.448.3132D](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MNRAS.448.3132D). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnras/stu2700](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstu2700). [hdl](/source/Hdl_(identifier)):[10536/DRO/DU:30149879](https://hdl.handle.net/10536%2FDRO%2FDU%3A30149879).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Strassmeier_10-0)** Strassmeier, K. G.; Serkowitsch, E.; Granzer, Th. (November 1999). ["Starspot photometry with robotic telescopes. U BV (RI)C and by light curves of 47 active stars in 1996/97"](https://doi.org/10.1051%2Faas%3A1999116). *Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series*. **140**: 29–53. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1999A&AS..140...29S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999A&AS..140...29S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/aas:1999116](https://doi.org/10.1051%2Faas%3A1999116).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Alekseev_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Alekseev_11-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Alekseev_11-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Alekseev_11-3) Alekseev, I. Yu.; Kozhevnikova, A. V. (2004). "Rotational Brightness Modulation and Starspots on the RS CVN-type Stars IN Com, IL Com, UX Ari, and V711 Tau". *Astrophysics*. **47** (4): 443–453. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2004Ap.....47..443A](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Ap.....47..443A). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1023/B:ASYS.0000049781.42096.c6](https://doi.org/10.1023%2FB%3AASYS.0000049781.42096.c6). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [120473411](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:120473411).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Feibelman, W. A.; Kaler, J. B. (1983). ["The binary central star of the planetary nebula LT-5"](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F161065). *The Astrophysical Journal*. **269**: 592. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1983ApJ...269..592F](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1983ApJ...269..592F). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/161065](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F161065).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Thevenin1997_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Thevenin1997_13-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Thevenin1997_13-2) Thevenin, F.; Jasniewicz, G. (1997). "Barium-rich G stars in the nuclei of the planetary nebulae Abell 35 and LoTr5". *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **320**: 913. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1997A&A...320..913T](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997A&A...320..913T).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Jasniewicz1987_14-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Jasniewicz1987_14-1) Jasniewicz, G.; Duquennoy, A.; Acker, A. (1987). "The nucleus of LT-5 : An unusual triple system ?". *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **180**: 145. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1987A&A...180..145J](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987A&A...180..145J).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Malasan1997_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Malasan1997_15-1) Malasan, Hakim Luthfi; Yamasaki, Atsuma; Kondo, Masayuki (1991). "The central star of planetary nebula LT-5 - A triple system". *The Astronomical Journal*. **101**: 2131. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1991AJ....101.2131M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991AJ....101.2131M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/115834](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F115834).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Jones2017_16-0)** Jones, D.; Van Winckel, H.; Aller, A.; Exter, K.; De Marco, O. (2017). "The long-period binary central stars of the planetary nebulae NGC 1514 and LoTr 5". *Astronomy & Astrophysics*. **600**: L9. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1703.05096](https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.05096). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2017A&A...600L...9J](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017A&A...600L...9J). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/201730700](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201730700). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [55371290](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55371290).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Montez, Rodolfo; [De Marco, Orsola](/source/Orsola_De_Marco); Kastner, Joel H.; Chu, You-Hua (2010). "X-Ray Emission from the Binary Central Stars of the Planetary Nebulae HFG 1, Ds 1, and LoTr 5". *The Astrophysical Journal*. **721** (2): 1820–1828. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[1008.2910](https://arxiv.org/abs/1008.2910). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2010ApJ...721.1820M](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ApJ...721.1820M). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1820](https://doi.org/10.1088%2F0004-637X%2F721%2F2%2F1820). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [119232433](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119232433).

## External links

- Goldman, Don (2012-08-02). ["LoTr5"](https://astrodonimaging.com/gallery/lotr5/). *astrodonimaging.com*. Retrieved 2020-03-01.

v t e Constellation of Coma Berenices List of stars in Coma Berenices Coma Berenices in Chinese astronomy Stars Bayer α (Diadem) β γ Flamsteed 7 11 12 13 14 16 17 21 23 (Phyllon Kissinou) 24 31 35 36 37 41 Variable FK GP IN LW HR 4668 HD 107146 108863 108874 110067 114762 b 115404 116029 Other 2MASS J12195156+3128497 KELT-6 WASP-56 WISE 1217+1626 Exoplanets HD 108874 b c KELT-6b Star clusters Coma Star Cluster Messier 53 NGC 4147 NGC 5053 Nebulae LoTr 5 Galaxies Messier 64 (Black Eye Galaxy) 85 88 91 98 99 100 NGC 4014 4015 4017 4053 4056 4060 4061 4065 4066 4070 4072 4074 4076 4084 4086 4089 4090 4091 4092 4093 4095 4098 4136 4146 4150 4162 4185 4189 4203 4211 4212 4213 4222 4237 4245 4253 4262 4274 4278 4293 4298 4302 4308 4310 4312 4314 4323 4328 4340 4359 4375 4383 4393 4394 4414 4419 4448 4450 4455 4459 4468 4473 4474 4475 4477 4479 4489 4494 4495 4498 4502 4506 4515 4516 4523 4525 4540 4555 4556 4558 4559 4561 4565 4571 4585 4595 4611 4614 4615 4633 4634 4651 4659 4670 4673 4676 (Mice Galaxies) 4689 4692 4710 4712 4725 4747 4839 4848 4860 4869 4871 4872 4873 4874 4875 4876 4881 4883 4886 4889 4892 4895 4907 4911 4919 4921 4944 5000 5004 5012 5032 5056 5172 Other 3C 275.1 3C 287 Arp 60 Coma Berenices Dragonfly 44 IC 755 (NGC 4019) IC 831 IC 860 IC 3505 IC 3528 IC 4040 IC 4051 IOK-1 IRAS F12032+1707 LEDA 83677 M85-HCC1 Malin 1 PGC 44691 PKS 1155+251 PKS 1222+216 VIRGOHI21 ZwCl 1305.4+2941 BCG Galaxy clusters Abell 1413 Coma I Coma Cluster Coma Supercluster M94 Group NGC 4065 Group NGC 4631 Group Astronomical events GRB 050509B iPTF14atg SN 1940B SN 1979C SN 2005ap SN 2006X SN 2020oi Category

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [LoTr 5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LoTr_5) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LoTr_5?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.