# Llaima > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Llaima > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Llaima.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llaima > Source revision: 1355762638 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Mountain in Chile}} {{Infobox mountain | name = Llaima | other_name = Yaima | image = Volcán Llaima y Laguna Conguillío, desde Sierra Nevada.jpg | image_caption = The snowy cone of Llaima volcano (2018) | elevation_m = 3125 | elevation_ref = [http://www.peaklist.org/WWlists/ultras/andes2.html "Argentina and Chile, Central Ultra Prominences"]. Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2013-07-16. | prominence_m = 1819 | prominence_ref = | listing = [Region high point](/source/La_Araucan%C3%ADa_Region)
[Ultra](/source/Ultra_prominent_peak) | map = Chile | map_caption = Location in Chile | map_size = 200 | label_position = | location = [Melipeuco](/source/Melipeuco) and [Vilcún](/source/Vilc%C3%BAn), [Cautín Province](/source/Caut%C3%ADn_Province), [La Araucanía Region](/source/La_Araucan%C3%ADa_Region), [Chile](/source/Chile) | range = [Andes](/source/Andes) | coordinates = {{coord|38|41|45|S|71|43|54|W|type:mountain_region:CL_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_ref = | range_coordinates = | type = [Stratovolcano](/source/Stratovolcano) | age = | last_eruption = 2008 to 2009 | first_ascent = | easiest_route = }} The '''Llaima Volcano''' is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in [Chile](/source/Chile). It is situated 82 km East of [Temuco](/source/Temuco%2C_Chile) and 663 km South of [Santiago](/source/Santiago%2C_Chile), within the borders of [Conguillío National Park](/source/Conguill%C3%ADo_National_Park). ==Geography== The top of Llaima consists of two summits; the lower of the two, '''Pichillaima''', is about {{Convert|2920|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} high and is significantly less prominent than the higher northern summit. The average elevation of the terrain around Llaima is about 740 m asl. The volcano summit is located 10 km West South West of [Conguillío Lake](/source/Conguill%C3%ADo_Lake). Its slopes are drained by the rivers Captrén, [Quepe](/source/Quepe_River) and [Trufultruful](/source/Trufultruful_River).{{in lang|es}} {{cite web|url=http://www.sernageomin.cl/sernageomin/sitio/ovdas/volcanes/llaima/index.html |title=Volcán Llaima |author=Sernageomin |access-date=2007-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070429233941/http://www.sernageomin.cl/sernageomin/sitio/ovdas/volcanes/llaima/index.html |archive-date=2007-04-29 |url-status=dead }} The former ones are tributaries of [Cautín River](/source/Caut%C3%ADn_River) and the latter is affluent of [Allipén River](/source/Allip%C3%A9n_River). ==Eruptions== Llaima is one of Chile's most active volcanoes and has frequent but moderate eruptions. Llaima's activity has been documented since the 17th century, and consists of several separate episodes of moderate explosive eruptions with occasional lava flows.Petit-Breuilh 2004, p. 324. A 1640 eruption is thought to have contributed to a pause in the [Arauco War](/source/Arauco_War) between the Spanish and [Mapuche](/source/Mapuche)s established at the [Parliament of Quillín](/source/Parliament_of_Quill%C3%ADn_(1641)) in 1641.Petit-Breuilh 2004, p. 53. Possibly Mapuches interpreted the eruption as a signal sent from spirits known as [pillan](/source/pillan)es. An 1874–76 eruption caused various [lava flow](/source/lava_flow)s, [landslides](/source/volcanic_landslide), [lahar](/source/lahar)s, and the fall of [volcanic ash](/source/volcanic_ash). After this eruption the volcano became known as Llaima or Yaima.Petit-Breuilh 2004, p. 187. Prior to that it had been known as Chañel a [Mapuche word](/source/Mapuche_language) in reference to the pointy shape of its summit before the eruption. The last major eruption occurred in 1994.{{cite web|title=Chile volcano forces evacuations|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7167639.stm|work=BBC|date=January 2, 2008}} An eruption on January 1, 2008, forced the evacuation of hundreds of people from nearby villages. A column of smoke approximately 3000 m high was observed. An amateur caught the early eruption phase on video.{{YouTube|ju81EJ3_M3I|Volcan LLAIMA}} The [volcanic ash](/source/volcanic_ash) expelled by Llaima travelled east over the Andes into [Argentina](/source/Argentina). Ash fall was recorded in the area of [Zapala](/source/Zapala), [Neuquén Province](/source/Neuqu%C3%A9n_Province), and forced the cancellation of flights to and from [Presidente Perón Airport](/source/Presidente_Per%C3%B3n_Airport) near the [city of Neuquén](/source/Neuqu%C3%A9n%2C_Argentina).{{cite news| url=http://www.clarin.com/diario/2008/01/02/um/m-01575736.htm |title=Cancelan vuelos en el aeropuerto de Neuquén por la erupción en Chile del volcán Llaima |publisher=Clarín |date=January 2, 2008}} On July 2, 2008, another eruption resulted in evacuation of 40 people from a 15 km exclusion zone.{{cite news |url=http://uk.news.yahoo.com/rtrs/20080702/tsc-uk-chile-volcano-011ccfa.html |title=Chile ski station evacuated as volcano erupts |publisher=Yahoo!News |date=July 2, 2008 }}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} An eruption occurred on April 5, 2009, with pyroclastic flows, ash and lava seen on the slopes.{{citation needed|date=December 2016}} ===Future eruptions=== For the 2010–30 period an eruption of [Volcanic Explosivity Index](/source/Volcanic_Explosivity_Index) 2 or more is expected based on statistics.{{cite journal |last1=Dzierma |first1=Yvonne |last2=Wehrmann |first2=Heidi |date=2010 |title=Eruption time series statistically examined: Probabilities of future eruptions at Villarrica and Llaima Volcanoes, Southern Volcanic Zone, Chile |journal=[Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research](/source/Journal_of_Volcanology_and_Geothermal_Research) |volume=193 |issue= 1–2|pages=82–92 |doi= 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2010.03.009|bibcode=2010JVGR..193...82D }} As of 2020 such eruption has not happened. Research that models the internal architecture of the volcano indicate that Llaima has reached its maximum height and that any large eruption of [lava](/source/lava) will likely occur from [flank vent](/source/Parasitic_cone)s and not from the summit.{{cite conference |url=https://programa.congresogeologicochileno.cl/programa-general |conference=XV Congreso Geológico Chileno |last1=Contreras |first1=María Angélica |last2=Castruccio |first2=Ángelo |date=2018 |location=Concepción, Chile |title=El control de las propiedades del sistema magmático en las dimensiones que alcanza un edificio volcánico: Análisis de los volcanes Lascar, Lonquimay y Llaima, Andes de Chile|trans-title=The control of the properties of the magmatic system in the dimensions reached by a volcanic building: Analysis of the Lascar, Lonquimay and Llaima volcanoes, Andes of Chile|language=es}} ==Recreation== The ski center ''Las Araucarias'' lies on the volcano's western slopes. There are also some tours that go throughout the day. ==Gallery== Image:llaima_eruption1.jpg|January 2008 Llaima eruption Image:llaima_eruption2.jpg|January 2008 Llaima eruption Image:Eruption from Llaima Volcano, Chile.jpg|The April 2009 eruption seen from space Image:First view of Volcan Llaima.jpg|Summit of Llaima volcano Image:Llaima.jpg|Llaima volcano a few days after the January 2008 eruption Image:Llaima1.jpg|Llaima volcano with a blanket of snow covering its solidified lava flows Image:Llaima2.jpg|Llaima volcano Image:Snow-Capped Llaima Volcano in Springtime.jpg|Snow-capped Llaima in springtime seen from space ==See also== * [List of volcanoes in Chile](/source/List_of_volcanoes_in_Chile) * [List of Ultras of South America](/source/List_of_Ultras_of_South_America) * [Kütralkura Geopark](/source/K%C3%BCtralkura) == References == {{Reflist}} * {{cite gvp|name=Llaima|vn=357110|access-date=2021-06-29}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110929061952/http://www.sernatur.cl/allesqui2005/ALL%20ARAUCARIAS/ARAUCARIAS.html Araucarias] ===Bibliography=== *{{cite book |last=Petit-Breuilh Sepúlveda|first=María Eugenia |date=2004 |title=La historia eruptiva de los volcanes hispanoamericanos (Siglos XVI al XX): El modelo chileno|location=Huelva, Spain |publisher=Casa de los volcanes|language=es |isbn=84-95938-32-4 }} ==External links== {{commons category|Llaima}} * [http://www.povi.cl/llaima/ Llaima Volcano Visual Observation Project] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080923005643/http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NewImages/images.php3?img_id=17887 Sulfur Dioxide Plume from Llaima Volcano] at the [NASA Earth Observatory](/source/NASA_Earth_Observatory) * [http://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=8626 "Volcán Llaima, Chile" on Peakbagger] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_7160000/newsid_7167400/7167415.stm?bw=bb&mp=wm&asb=1&news=1&bbcws=1 Video of eruption], [BBC](/source/BBC) {{andean volcanoes}} {{Authority control}} Category:Stratovolcanoes of Chile Category:Active volcanoes Category:Mountains of Chile Category:Volcanoes of Araucanía Region Category:VEI-5 volcanoes Category:Three-thousanders of the Andes Category:Holocene stratovolcanoes --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Llaima](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llaima) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llaima?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.