# Liz Fraser

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Liz_Fraser
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Liz_Fraser.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Fraser
> Source revision: 1354390067
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

For other uses, see [Elizabeth Fraser (disambiguation)](/source/Elizabeth_Fraser_(disambiguation)).

**Elizabeth Joan Winch** (14 August 1930 – 6 September 2018),[1][2] known professionally as **Liz Fraser**, was a British film actress, best known for being cast in provocative comedy roles.

## Early life

Elizabeth Joan Winch was born in [Southwark](/source/Southwark), London.[3] Her year of birth was usually cited as 1933, which she gave when auditioning for her role in *[I'm All Right Jack](/source/I'm_All_Right_Jack)*, because the [Boulting Brothers](/source/Boulting_Brothers) wanted someone younger for the part. In fact she was three years older, as she confirmed in her 2012 autobiography *Liz Fraser ... and Other Characters*.[3] Her father was a travelling salesman for a brewery and her mother owned a [corner shop](/source/Corner_shop) just off the [New Kent Road](/source/New_Kent_Road). Their family life was disrupted by the [Second World War](/source/Second_World_War), when she was evacuated, initially to [Westerham](/source/Westerham) in [Kent](/source/Kent) and then, when that was deemed still too vulnerable to bombing, to [Chudleigh](/source/Chudleigh), a town in [Devon](/source/Devon). Her father died in May 1942, aged 40, when she was 11.[3]

She went to [St Saviour's and St Olave's Grammar School for Girls](/source/St_Saviour's_and_St_Olave's_Church_of_England_School) between the ages of 13 and 17. She then attended evening courses at [Goldsmiths College](/source/Goldsmiths_College), where she joined a drama group, and the City of London College for Commerce, Book-Keeping, Shorthand and Typing, and won an evening scholarship to the [London School of Dramatic Art](/source/London_School_of_Dramatic_Art).[4]

## Career

Her first film appearance was in *[Touch and Go](/source/Touch_and_Go_(1955_film))* (1955), using her birth name,[5] and *[The Smallest Show on Earth](/source/The_Smallest_Show_on_Earth)* (1957) in which she worked with [Peter Sellers](/source/Peter_Sellers) for the first time.[6] Fraser also appeared in commercial television's first live play *The Geranium* for [Associated-Rediffusion](/source/Associated-Rediffusion). She made an uncredited appearance as June in [*Alive and Kicking*](/source/Alive_and_Kicking_(1959_film)) (1959), Her breakthrough role was as the daughter of Sellers's character in *[I'm All Right Jack](/source/I'm_All_Right_Jack)* (1959), for which she received a BAFTA nomination as [Most Promising Newcomer](/source/BAFTA_Film_Award_for_Newcomer_to_Leading_Film_Roles).[7] She was in several of the early [*Carry On* films](/source/Carry_On_(franchise)): *[Carry On Regardless](/source/Carry_On_Regardless)* (1961), *[Carry On Cruising](/source/Carry_On_Cruising)* (1962), and *[Carry On Cabby](/source/Carry_On_Cabby)* (1963), but was sacked by producer [Peter Rogers](/source/Peter_Rogers) after casually saying the series could be better marketed. She re-appeared in the series in *[Carry On Behind](/source/Carry_On_Behind)* (1975), her salary apparently half of what it had been before.[5][8]

Her other film appearances include *[Desert Mice](/source/Desert_Mice)* (1959), *[Two-Way Stretch](/source/Two-Way_Stretch)* (1960), again with Sellers,[9] *[The Bulldog Breed](/source/The_Bulldog_Breed)* (1960),[10] *[Double Bunk](/source/Double_Bunk)* (1961),[11] [*Fury at Smugglers Bay*](/source/Fury_at_Smugglers'_Bay) (1961) starring Peter Cushing, *[Raising the Wind](/source/Raising_the_Wind_(1961_film))* (1961), *[On the Fiddle](/source/On_the_Fiddle)* (1961), *[The Painted Smile](/source/The_Painted_Smile)* (1962),[12] *[The Americanization of Emily](/source/The_Americanization_of_Emily)* (1964),[13] *[The Family Way](/source/The_Family_Way)* (1966),[14] *[Up the Junction](/source/Up_the_Junction_(film))* (1968),[15] *[Dad's Army](/source/Dad's_Army_(1971_film))* (1971),[16] and a string of sex comedies: *[Adventures of a Taxi Driver](/source/Adventures_of_a_Taxi_Driver)*[17] (1976), *[Confessions of a Driving Instructor](/source/Confessions_of_a_Driving_Instructor)* (1976), *[Adventures of a Private Eye](/source/Adventures_of_a_Private_Eye)* (1977), *[Confessions from a Holiday Camp](/source/Confessions_from_a_Holiday_Camp)* (1977) and *[Rosie Dixon – Night Nurse](/source/Rosie_Dixon_%E2%80%93_Night_Nurse)*[18] (1978).

Fraser was also known for her many appearances in British television series, including *[Hancock's Half Hour](/source/Hancock's_Half_Hour)*,[19] and the *[Avengers](/source/The_Avengers_(TV_series))* episode "The Girl from Auntie"[20] where she guest starred opposite *Carry On* regular [Bernard Cribbins](/source/Bernard_Cribbins). As Elizabeth Fraser, over a period of nearly six months, she appeared in numerous editions of the [Associated-Rediffusion](/source/Associated-Rediffusion) [soap opera](/source/Soap_opera) *[Sixpenny Corner](/source/Sixpenny_Corner)* (1955–56). She appeared on [Benny Hill](/source/Benny_Hill)'s late-1950s TV shows, and in a single sketch in the 23 December 1970 episode of his [Thames TV](/source/Thames_TV) series. This episode was in black and white (owing to the "[Colour Strike](/source/Colour_Strike)" by [ITV](/source/ITV_(network)) technicians, who wanted to be paid extra for working with the then-new colour TV technology), and hence the sketch was not included in any of the half-hour syndicated episodes of *[The Benny Hill Show](/source/The_Benny_Hill_Show)*. However, it is included in the Volume 1 box set of the complete *Benny Hill Show*, issued by A&E and Fremantle.[citation needed]

Fraser also starred as Gloria Simpkins in the radio sitcom *[Parsley Sidings](/source/Parsley_Sidings)* alongside [Arthur Lowe](/source/Arthur_Lowe) and [Kenneth Connor](/source/Kenneth_Connor) from 1971 to 1973.[21]

She played Mrs Brent, the mother of a missing girl, in the television production of [Agatha Christie](/source/Agatha_Christie)'s *Nemesis*, starring [Joan Hickson](/source/Joan_Hickson) as Miss Marple, in 1987.[22] Another role was in the "Backtrack" episode of the British police series *[The Professionals](/source/The_Professionals_(TV_series))*, as Margery Harper, a glamorous woman who fenced stolen property in her shop.[23]

Her other television work included *[Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased)](/source/Randall_and_Hopkirk_(Deceased))*, *[Crown Court](/source/Crown_Court_(TV_series))*, *[Citizen James](/source/Citizen_James)*, *[Robin's Nest](/source/Robin's_Nest_(TV_series))*, *[Rumpole of the Bailey](/source/Rumpole_of_the_Bailey)*, *[Last of the Summer Wine](/source/Last_of_the_Summer_Wine)*,[24] *[The Bill](/source/The_Bill)*, *[Foyle's War](/source/Foyle's_War)*, *[Birds of a Feather](/source/Birds_of_a_Feather_(TV_series))*, *[Minder](/source/Minder_(TV_series))*[25] and *[Holby City](/source/Holby_City)*.[26]

## Personal life and death

Fraser married Peter Yonwin, a travelling salesman, in November 1958, but the marriage soon broke down, and they were divorced. She married her second husband, Bill Hitchcock, a TV director, in January 1965 at Harrow Register Office. They agreed not to work together, but this changed in 1972 when she appeared in the [Rodney Bewes](/source/Rodney_Bewes) sitcom *[Albert!](/source/Dear_Mother...Love_Albert)*, which Hitchcock co-directed,[27] and again later in the same year, when she acted in *Turnbull's Finest Half-Hour*, a comedy series starring [Michael Bates](/source/Michael_Bates_(actor)) and produced by Hitchcock.[28] Hitchcock died from a [pulmonary embolism](/source/Pulmonary_embolism) in February 1974, at the age of 45. Fraser was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1978 and 1979, undergoing a lumpectomy the first time and having reconstructive surgery at the Marsden in 1979.[29]

Fraser had a half-brother, Philip, 11 years older, the son of her mother from a previous marriage. She supported various [charities](/source/Charities) and was a patron of the London Repertory Company.[30] She was also an enthusiastic and talented poker and bridge player.[31]

She died on 6 September 2018 at [Royal Brompton Hospital](/source/Royal_Brompton_Hospital) as a result of complications following an operation.[9]

In 2022, a new [RNLI](/source/Royal_National_Lifeboat_Institution) Inshore [lifeboat](/source/Lifeboat_(rescue)) was placed on station at [Fenit Lifeboat Station](/source/Fenit_Lifeboat_Station) in [County Kerry](/source/County_Kerry), in [Ireland](/source/Republic_of_Ireland), funded from the legacy of Liz Fraser. At a ceremony on 29 May 2022, the lifeboat was named *Lizzie* (D-860).[32]

## Filmography

Year Title Role Notes 1955 Touch and Go Girl on the Bridge (As Elizabeth Winch) 1957 The Smallest Show on Earth Girl in Cinema (uncredited) The Shiralee Chambermaid (uncredited) 1958 Davy Waitress Dunkirk Worker in Holden's Factory (uncredited) Wonderful Things! Hot Dog Seller (uncredited) Alive & Kicking June (as Elizabeth Winch) 1959 I'm All Right Jack Cynthia Kite Top Floor Girl Mabel The Night We Dropped a Clanger Lulu Desert Mice Edie 1960 Two-Way Stretch Ethel Doctor in Love Leonora The Bulldog Breed NAAFI Girl The Pure Hell of St Trinian's Constable Susan Partridge 1961 The Night We Got the Bird Fay Sellars The Rebel Waitress Carry On Regardless Delia King Fury at Smugglers' Bay Betty Double Bunk Sandra Watch it, Sailor! Daphne Pink Raising the Wind Miranda Kennaway On the Fiddle Girl with Daisies (uncredited) 1962 A Pair of Briefs Gloria Hoskins Carry On Cruising Gladys Trimble The Painted Smile Jo Lake Live Now, Pay Later Joyce Corby The Amorous Prawn Pvt. Suzie Tidmarsh 1963 Carry On Cabby Sally 1964 Every Day's a Holiday Miss Slightly 1965 The Americanization of Emily Sheila 1966 The Family Way Molly Thompson 1968 Up the Junction Mrs. McCarthy 1971 Dad's Army Mrs. Pike 1972 Hide and Seek Audrey Lawson 1975 Three for All Airport Passenger Carry On Behind Sylvia Ramsden 1976 Adventures of a Taxi Driver Maisie Confessions of a Driving Instructor Mrs. Chalmers Under the Doctor Sandra 1977 Adventures of a Private Eye Violet Confessions from a Holiday Camp Mrs. Whitemonk 1978 Rosie Dixon – Night Nurse Mrs. Dixon 1980 The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle Woman in Cinema 1990 Chicago Joe and the Showgirl Mrs. Evans

## Television appearances

Year Title Role Notes 1955 The Geranium Maid TV film 1955 Sixpenny Corner Julie Perkins Unknown episodes 1956–1960 Hancock's Half Hour Various characters 8 episodes 1956 The Grove Family Julie Perkins Episode: "Sour Grapes" 1957 ITV Television Playhouse Beryl Episode: "Two Ducks on a Pond"" 1957 Dixon of Dock Green Jeannie Richards Episode: "False Alarm" 1957 Shadow Squad Gilda 2 episodes 1957 The Army Game Unknown Episode: "The Misguided Missiles" 1957 Whack-O! Matron 10 episodes 1958 Hotel Imperial Unknown Episode: "The Star in the Penthouse Suite" 1958 Educated Evans W.R.A.C. Clerk Episode: "All Change" 1958 Dixon of Dock Green Maisie Perkins Episode: "They Don't Like Policemen" 1958 The Sky Larks Rose Episode: "Free Beer" 1958 Educating Archie Unknown Episode: #1.1 1958 Murder Bag Unknown Episode: "Lockhart Probes the Past" 1958 Dixon of Dock Green Lena Episode: "Strangers at the Same Table" 1959 No Hiding Place Rose Glorie Episode: "Murder with Witnesses" 1959 Boyd Q.C. (1959) Unknown Episode: "In a Manner Dangerous" 1959 ITV Play of the Week Dora Episode: "Deep and Crisp and Even" 1959 The Vise Betsy Linton Episode: "Murder for Revenge" 1960 ITV Television Playhouse Mavis Episode: "Incident" 1960 Knight Errant Limited Gloria MacLean Episode: "Beauty and the Feast" 1960 BBC Sunday-Night Play Riggie Episode: "Doctor in the House" 1960–1962 Citizen James Liz 7 episodes 1962 Probation Officer Lorna Episode: #4.14 1963 No Hiding Place Sheba Episode: "Solomon Dancey's Luck" 1963 Harry's Girls Sally Witherspoon Episode: "Made in Heaven" 1964 Fire Crackers Mary Medway Episode: "Fire Belle for Five" 1965 No Hiding Place Phyllis Nolan Episode: "The Grass" 1965 It's Not Me: It's Them! Mrs. Ember Episode: #1.2 1966 The Avengers Georgie Price-Jones Episode: "The Girl from AUNTIE" 1967 Seven Deadly Virtues Agnes Episode: "A Pain in the Neck" 1967 Mickey Dunne Maisie Episode: "Big Fleas, Little Fleas" 1970 Randall and Hopkirk (Deceased) Fay Crackan Episode: "It's Supposed to be Thicker than Water" 1970 Here Come the Double Deckers! Zizi Bagor Episode: "Starstruck" 1970 The Goodies Miss Heffer Episode: "Caught in the Act" 1970 The Benny Hill Show Various Roles 2 episodes 1971 BBC World About Us documentary Co-presenter Episode: "Under London Expedition" 1971 ITV Sunday Night Theatre Countess Antonescu Episode: "Man and Boy" 1972 Jason King Claire Brown Episode: "An Author in Search of Two Characters" 1972 Crime of Passion Denise Episode: "Lina" 1972 Dear Mother...Love Albert Ann Episode: "If He'd Meant Us to Fly" 1972 Turnbull's Finest Half-Hour Faye Bush 5 episodes 1972 These Two Fellas Various TV film 1973 The Tarbuck Follies Various TV film 1973 Crown Court Lady Esham Episode: "Murder Most Foul" 1977 Seven Faces of Woman Delilah Brown Episode: "She: Sight Unseen" 1978 Rumpole of the Bailey Bobby Dogherty Episode: "Rumpole and the Alternative Society" 1978 Robin's Nest Vera Episode: "The Happy Hen" 1979 The Professionals Margery Harper Episode: "Backtrack" 1984 Shroud for a Nightingale Sister Mavis Gearing All 5 episodes 1984–1986 Fairly Secret Army Doris Entwhistle 11 episodes 1987 Miss Marple Mrs. Brent Episode: "Nemesis" 1987 Hardwicke House Agnes 4 episodes 1988 Rude Health Mrs. Joy 4 episodes 1988 ScreenPlay Mrs. Dewey Episode: "Eskimos Do It" 1988 The Lady and the Highwayman Flossie TV film 1989 Capstick's Law Florence Smith Episode: #1.3 1989 The Bill Mrs. Lister Episode: "Suffocation Job" 1989 Streetwise Barbie Crossley Episode: "Teamwork" 1991 Birds of a Feather Olive Stubbs Episode: "Just Family" 1993 Minder Delilah Episode: "How to Succeed in Business Without Really Retiring" 1993 Demob Edith All 6 episodes 1994 The Bill Grace Walsh Episode: "Good Days" 1996 Wales Playhouse Nel Episode: "Every Cloud" 1997 Drover's Gold Ma Whistler Episode: #1.5 2000 Hold to Zero Grace 2 episodes 2000 Last of the Summer Wine Reggie Unsworth 2 episodes 2006 Pickles: The Dog Who Won the World Cup Ada TV film 2006 Doctors Beryl Gifford Episode: "The Comedians" 2007 Foyle's War Mollie Summersgill Episode: "Bleak Midwinter" 2007 Holby City Tabitha Blackstock Episode: "The Human Jungle" 2018 Midsomer Murders Marcia Jackson Episode: "Till Death Do Us Part"

## Bibliography

- Jacobs, David (1980). "Contributor". *David Jacob's Book of Celebrities' Jokes & Anecdotes*. [Robson Books](/source/HarperCollins). p. 53. ISBN 0860511251.

## References

1. ["Liz Fraser, British Star of Comedy Film Series 'Carry On,' Dies at 88"](https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/liz-fraser-dead-british-star-carry-films-was-88-1140784). *[The Hollywood Reporter](/source/The_Hollywood_Reporter)*. Retrieved 7 September 2018.

1. ["FreeBMD Entry Info"](http://www.freebmd.org.uk/cgi/information.pl?r=162137374:3803&d=bmd_1443462789). *freebmd.org.uk*. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

1. Fraser, Liz (2012). *Liz Fraser... and other characters*. Signum Books. ISBN 978-0956653413.

1. ["An Evening with Liz Fraser NEW EVENT " The Cinema Museum, London"](http://www.cinemamuseum.org.uk/2012/an-evening-with-liz-fraser). *CinemaMuseum.org.uk*. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

1. ["Liz Fraser, big-hearted blonde actress in Carry On films – obituary"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/obituaries/2018/09/06/liz-fraser-big-hearted-blonde-actress-carry-films-obituary/). *The Daily Telegraph*. 6 September 2018. Retrieved 6 September 2018.

1. ["The Smallest Show On Earth – British Comedy Films"](http://www.comicbrits.co.uk/Films/Smallest_Show_On_Earth/Smallest_Show_On_Earth.html). *comicbrits.co.uk*. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

1. Mayer, Geoff (1 January 2003). [*Guide to British Cinema*](https://books.google.com/books?id=7FOX_OWDyHEC). Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313303074.

1. Webber, Richard (31 March 2011). [*Fifty Years Of Carry On*](https://books.google.com/books?id=QEXpFWr_zgEC). Random House. ISBN 9781446409961.

1. ["Liz Fraser: Carry On actress dies at 88"](https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-45449088). *BBC News*. 7 September 2018. Retrieved 7 September 2018.

1. [*Variety's Film Reviews: 1959–1963*](https://books.google.com/books?id=y2pZAAAAMAAJ). Bowker. 1 May 1989. ISBN 9780835227896.

1. Reid, John Howard (1 March 2006). [*America's Best, Britain's Finest: A Survey of Mixed Movies*](https://books.google.com/books?id=zCm5aNkafSYC). Lulu.com. ISBN 9781411678774.

1. Keaney, Michael F. (5 March 2008). [*British Film Noir Guide*](https://books.google.com/books?id=U3CeCQAAQBAJ). McFarland. ISBN 9780786464272.

1. Blum, Daniel (1 June 1966). [*Daniel Blum's Screen World 1965*](https://books.google.com/books?id=EQrtw8lzEg8C). Biblo & Tannen Publishers. ISBN 9780819603067.

1. Willis, John (1 June 1983). [*Screen World 1968*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Kq7KDU038mUC). Biblo & Tannen Publishers. ISBN 9780819603098.

1. Willis, John (1 June 1983). [*Screen World 1968*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Kq7KDU038mUC). Biblo & Tannen Publishers. ISBN 9780819603098.

1. McCaighey, Mark (3 March 2015). [*The Dad's Army Movie Dossier: The Making of Jimmy Perry and David Croft's Classic Film*](https://books.google.com/books?id=BvLyBgAAQBAJ). Andrews UK Limited. ISBN 9781785381423.

1. Weiner, David J. (1991-04-01). [*Videohound's Golden Movie Retriever, 1992*](https://books.google.com/books?id=4azirDJX73cC). Thomson Gale. ISBN 9780810394049.

1. ["Liz Fraser filmography"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160127094658/http://www.locatetv.com/person/liz-fraser/23295/filmography). *locatetv.com*. Archived from [the original](http://www.locatetv.com/person/liz-fraser/23295/filmography) on 27 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

1. Webber, Richard (31 January 2011). [*Fifty Years Of Hancock's Half Hour*](https://books.google.com/books?id=c3-gxwTNLaIC&q=%2522liz%2520fraser%2522&pg=PA232). Random House. ISBN 9781446409985.

1. ["The Avengers Forever: The Girl From Auntie"](http://theavengers.tv/forever/peel1-17.htm). *theavengers.tv*. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

1. ["Liz Fraser"](https://www.comedy.co.uk/people/liz_fraser/). *[British Comedy Guide](/source/British_Comedy_Guide)*

1. ["Ciaran Brown meets actress Liz Fraser"](http://ciaranbrown.com/fraser.html). *ciaranbrown.com*. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

1. Matthews, Dave. ["The Professionals details"](http://www.mark-1.co.uk/Professionals/c02.htm). *mark-1.co.uk*. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

1. ["*Last of the Summer Wine* | Series 21 – 7. Just a Small Funeral | Radio Times"](http://www.radiotimes.com/episode/mnss/last-of-the-summer-wine--series-21---7-just-a-small-funeral). *RadioTimes*. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

1. TV.com. ["Liz Fraser profile"](http://www.tv.com/people/liz-fraser/). *TV.com*. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

1. ["Holby City | Series 9 – 32. The Human Jungle | Radio Times"](http://www.radiotimes.com/episode/tg4q/holby-city--series-9---32-the-human-jungle). *RadioTimes*. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

1. ["Dear Mother.... ....Love Albert – Albert! – If He'd Meant Us To Fly – British Comedy Guide"](http://www.comedy.co.uk/guide/tv/dear_mother_love_albert/episodes/4/6). *comedy.co.uk*. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

1. ["Turnbull's Finest Half Hour-Part 3 (1972)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160130061405/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b85d1acce). *BFI*. Archived from [the original](http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b85d1acce) on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

1. BBC Radio 4 *That Reminds Me* 16 September 2003

1. ["Liz Fraser profile"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160130115614/http://www.londonrepertorycompany.com/article/whos-who/liz-fraser/). *LondonRepertoryCompany.com*. Archived from [the original](http://www.londonrepertorycompany.com/article/whos-who/liz-fraser) on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.

1. ["Liz Fraser | English Bridge Union"](https://www.ebu.co.uk/biographies/liz-fraser). *www.ebu.co.uk*

1. ["Legacy from British Actor Funds Fenit RNLI's New Inshore Lifeboat 'Lizzie'"](https://afloat.ie/safety/lifeboats/item/54725-legacy-from-british-actor-funds-fenit-rnli-s-new-inshore-lifeboat-lizzie). Afloat. 27 May 2022. Retrieved 26 November 2024.

## Sources

- Simon Sheridan *Keeping the British End Up: Four Decades of Saucy Cinema*, Titan Books (2011, 4th edition); ISBN 9780857682796

## External links

- [Liz Fraser](https://web.archive.org/web/20180202234726/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b9fc4bf64) at the [British Film Institute](/source/British_Film_Institute)
- [Liz Fraser](https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0292187/) at IMDb
- [Official website of the Carry On films](http://www.carryonline.com)

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Liz Fraser](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Fraser) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liz_Fraser?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.
