# Liver abscess

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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Liver_abscess.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_abscess
> Source revision: 1323042055
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name            = Liver abscess
| image           = Leberabszess - CT axial PV.jpg
| caption         = Liver abscess on axial CT image: a hypodense lesion in the liver with peripherally enhancement.
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A '''liver abscess''' is a mass filled with pus inside the [liver](/source/liver).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://medconditions.net/liver-abscess.html |title=Liver Abscess Definition in Medical Conditions Dictionary |date=11 April 2018 |website=medconditions.net |access-date=11 April 2018 }}</ref> Common causes are abdominal conditions such as [appendicitis](/source/appendicitis) or [diverticulitis](/source/diverticulitis) due to haematogenous spread through the [portal vein](/source/portal_vein).<ref name="MedlinePlus">{{MedlinePlusEncyclopedia|000261|Pyogenic liver abscess}}</ref> It can also develop as a complication of a [liver injury](/source/liver_injury).

==Causes==

Risk factors for developing liver abscess can be due to [infection](/source/infection), post-procedural infection and [metastasis](/source/metastasis) such as primary [liver tumours](/source/Liver_tumor), [liver metastasis](/source/liver_metastasis), biliary procedures, biliary injuries, biliary tract disease, [appendicitis](/source/appendicitis), and [diverticulitis](/source/diverticulitis).<ref name=":0">{{Citation |last=Akhondi |first=Hossein |title=Liver Abscess |date=2022 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538230/ |work=StatPearls |place=Treasure Island (FL) |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=30855818 |access-date=2022-10-17 |last2=Sabih |first2=Durr E.}}</ref>

Major bacterial causes of liver abscess include the following:<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Webb GJ, Chapman TP, Cadman PJ, Gorard DA | title = Pyogenic liver abscess | journal = Frontline Gastroenterology | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 60–67 | date = January 2014 | pmid = 28839753 | pmc = 5369710 | doi = 10.1136/flgastro-2013-100371 }}</ref>
* ''[Streptococcus](/source/Streptococcus)'' species (including ''[Enterococcus](/source/Enterococcus)'')
* ''[Escherichia](/source/Escherichia)'' species
* ''[Staphylococcus](/source/Staphylococcus)'' species
* ''[Klebsiella](/source/Klebsiella)'' species (Higher rates in the Far East)
* Anaerobes (including ''[Bacteroides](/source/Bacteroides)'' species)
* ''[Pseudomonas](/source/Pseudomonas)'' species
* ''[Proteus](/source/Proteus_(bacterium))'' species
* ''[Entamoeba histolytica](/source/Entamoeba_histolytica) ''

However, as noted above, many cases are not polymicrobial.

==Diagnosis==
=== Types ===
thumb|A large pyogenic liver abscess presumed to be the result of appendicitis
There are several major forms of liver abscess, classified by cause:<ref name=":0" />
* [Pyogenic liver abscess](/source/Pyogenic_liver_abscess), which is most often polymicrobial, accounts for 80% of hepatic abscess cases in the United States.
* [Amoebic liver abscess](/source/Amoebic_liver_abscess) due to ''[Entamoeba histolytica](/source/Entamoeba_histolytica)'' accounts for 10% of cases. The incidence is much higher in developing countries.
* Fungal abscess, most often due to ''[Candida](/source/Candida_(genus))'' species, accounts for less than 10% of cases.
* Iatrogenic abscess, caused by medical interventions

==Management==
Draining of the abscess and antibiotics: IV [metronidazole](/source/metronidazole) and third generation [cephalosporin](/source/cephalosporin)/[quinolones](/source/Quinolone_antibiotic), [β-lactam antibiotic](/source/%CE%B2-lactam_antibiotic)s, and [aminoglycoside](/source/aminoglycoside)s are effective.<ref name=":0" />

== Prognosis ==
The prognosis has improved for liver abscesses. The [mortality rate](/source/mortality_rate) in-hospital is about 2.5-19%. The [elderly](/source/Old_age), ICU admissions, [shock](/source/Shock_(circulatory)), [cancer](/source/cancer), [fungal infections](/source/Fungal_infection), [cirrhosis](/source/cirrhosis), [chronic kidney disease](/source/chronic_kidney_disease), [acute respiratory failure](/source/acute_respiratory_failure), severe disease, or disease of biliary origin have a worse [prognosis](/source/prognosis).<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Akhondi H, Sabih DE | chapter = Liver Abscess |date=2019 | chapter-url= https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538230/ | title = StatPearls |publisher=StatPearls Publishing |pmid=30855818 |access-date=2019-07-28}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
{{Medical resources
|   DiseasesDB     = 22094
|   ICD10          = {{ICD10|K|75|0|k|70}}
|   ICD9           = {{ICD9|572.0}}
|   ICDO           =
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|   MedlinePlus    = 000261
|   eMedicineSubj  = med
|   eMedicineTopic = 1316
|   MeshID         = D008100
}}
* [http://www.ctcases.net/liver-abscess/ Liver Abscess CT Images] CTCases Liver Abscess CT Scan.

{{Gastroenterology}}

Category:Diseases of liver

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Liver abscess](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_abscess) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_abscess?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.