# List of mustelids

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Species in mammal family Mustelidae

Six extant mustelid genera left-to-right, top-to-bottom: *[Martes](/source/Martes)*, *[Meles](/source/Meles_(genus))*, *[Lutra](/source/Lutra)*, *[Gulo](/source/Gulo)*, *[Mustela](/source/Mustela)*, and *[Mellivora](/source/Mellivora)*

[Mustelidae](/source/Mustelidae) is a [family](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) of [mammals](/source/Mammal) in the [order](/source/Order_(biology)) [Carnivora](/source/Carnivora), which includes [weasels](/source/Weasel), [badgers](/source/Badger), [otters](/source/Otter), [ferrets](/source/Ferret), [martens](/source/Marten), [minks](/source/Mink), and [wolverines](/source/Wolverine), and many other [extant](/source/Extant_taxon) and [extinct](/source/Extinction) [genera](/source/Genus). A member of this family is called a mustelid; Mustelidae is the largest family in Carnivora, and its extant species are divided into eight [subfamilies](/source/Subfamily). They are found on all continents except Antarctica and Australia, and are a diverse family; sizes range, including tails, from the widespread 17 cm (7 in) [least weasel](/source/Least_weasel) to the 1.8-meter (6 ft) [giant otter](/source/Giant_otter) of Amazonian South America. Habitats vary widely as well, from the [arboreal](/source/Arboreal_locomotion) [marten](/source/Marten) to the [fossorial](/source/Fossorial) [European badger](/source/European_badger) to the [marine](/source/Marine_mammal) [sea otter](/source/Sea_otter). Population sizes are largely unknown, though two species, the [sea mink](/source/Sea_mink) and [Japanese otter](/source/Japanese_otter), were hunted to extinction in 1894 and 1979, respectively, and several other species are [endangered](/source/Endangered_species). Some species have been domesticated, e.g. the [ferret](/source/Ferret) and some populations of the South American [tayra](/source/Tayra). Mustelidae is one of the oldest families in Carnivora; early mustelids first appeared around 28–33 million years ago.[1]

The 23 genera and 62 extant species of Mustelidae are split into 8 subfamilies: [Guloninae](/source/Guloninae), martens and wolverines; [Helictidinae](/source/Helictidinae), ferret-badgers; [Ictonychinae](/source/Ictonychinae), African polecats and [grisons](/source/Grison); [Lutrinae](/source/Lutrinae), otters; [Melinae](/source/Melinae), Eurasian badgers; [Mellivorinae](/source/Mellivorinae), the [honey badger](/source/Honey_badger); [Mustelinae](/source/Mustelinae), weasels and minks; and [Taxidiinae](/source/Taxidiinae), the [American badger](/source/American_badger). In addition to the extant subfamilies, Mustelidae includes three extinct subfamilies designated as Leptarctinae, Mustelavinae, and [Oligobuninae](/source/Oligobuninae). Extinct species have also been placed into all of the extant subfamilies besides Helictidinae, in both extant and extinct genera; around 200 extinct Mustelidae species have been found, as well as fossil genera not given a species name, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.

## Conventions

IUCN Red List categories Conservation status EX Extinct (2 species) EW Extinct in the wild (0 species) CR Critically endangered (1 species) EN Endangered (7 species) VU Vulnerable (6 species) NT Near threatened (7 species) LC Least concern (39 species) Other categories DD Data deficient (1 species) NE Not evaluated (1 species)

The [author citation](/source/Author_citation_(zoology)) for the species or genus is given after the scientific name; parentheses around the author citation indicate that this was not the original taxonomic placement. Conservation status codes listed follow the [International Union for Conservation of Nature](/source/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature) (IUCN) [Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List). Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the mustelid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside [extant](/source/Extant_taxon) species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a [dagger](/source/Dagger_(typography)) symbol "†". Population figures are rounded to the nearest hundred.

## Classification

Mustelidae Distribution

The family Mustelidae consists of 62 extant species belonging to 23 genera and divided into hundreds of subspecies, as well the extinct [sea mink](/source/Sea_mink) and [Japanese otter](/source/Japanese_otter), which are the only mustelid species to become extinct since prehistoric times. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Modern molecular studies indicate that the 23 genera can be grouped into 8 [subfamilies](/source/Subfamily). Some prior classification schemes divided the family solely between the aquatic otters and all other species.

**Subfamily [Guloninae](/source/Guloninae)** (Martens and wolverines)

- Genus *[Eira](/source/Eira_(mammal))*: one species

- Genus *[Gulo](/source/Gulo)*: one species

- Genus *[Martes](/source/Martes)*: seven species

- Genus *[Pekania](/source/Pekania)*: one species

**Subfamily [Helictidinae](/source/Helictidinae)** (Ferret-badgers)

- Genus *[Melogale](/source/Melogale)*: five species

**Subfamily [Ictonychinae](/source/Ictonychinae)** (African polecats and grisons)

- Genus *[Galictis](/source/Galictis)*: two species

- Genus *[Ictonyx](/source/Ictonyx)*: two species

- Genus *[Lyncodon](/source/Lyncodon)*: one species

- Genus *[Poecilogale](/source/Poecilogale)*: one species

- Genus *[Vormela](/source/Vormela)*: one species

**Subfamily [Lutrinae](/source/Lutrinae)** (Otters)

- Genus *[Aonyx](/source/Aonyx)*: three species

- Genus *[Enhydra](/source/Enhydra)*: one species

- Genus *[Hydrictis](/source/Hydrictis)*: one species

- Genus *[Lontra](/source/Lontra)*: four species

- Genus *[Lutra](/source/Lutra)*: three species

- Genus *[Lutrogale](/source/Lutrogale)*: one species

- Genus *[Pteronura](/source/Pteronura)*: one species

**Subfamily [Melinae](/source/Melinae)** (Eurasian badgers)

- Genus *[Arctonyx](/source/Arctonyx)*: three species

- Genus *[Meles](/source/Meles_(genus))*: three species

**Subfamily [Mellivorinae](/source/Mellivorinae)** (Honey badger)

- Genus *[Mellivora](/source/Mellivora)*: one species

**Subfamily [Mustelinae](/source/Mustelinae)** (Weasels and minks)

- Genus *[Mustela](/source/Mustela)*: fifteen species

- Genus *[Neogale](/source/Neogale)*: five species

**Subfamily [Taxidiinae](/source/Taxidiinae)** (American badger)

- Genus *[Taxidea](/source/Taxidea)*: one species

## Mustelids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by *[Mammal Species of the World](/source/Mammal_Species_of_the_World)* (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using [molecular phylogenetic analysis](/source/Molecular_phylogenetics); this includes reclassifying [Guloninae](/source/Guloninae), [Helictidinae](/source/Helictidinae), [Ictonychinae](/source/Ictonychinae), [Melinae](/source/Melinae), [Mellivorinae](/source/Mellivorinae), and [Taxidiinae](/source/Taxidiinae) as subfamilies rather than as part of a [paraphyletic](/source/Paraphyly) group with [Mustelinae](/source/Mustelinae)

### Subfamily Guloninae

Main article: [Guloninae](/source/Guloninae)

Genus Eira – Hamilton Smith, 1842 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Tayra E. barbara (Linnaeus, 1758) Seven subspecies E. b. barbara E. b. inserta E. b. madeirensis E. b. peruana E. b. poliocephala E. b. senex E. b. sinuensis Central America, Trinidad in the Caribbean, and northern South America Size: 60–70 cm (24–28 in) long, plus 35–45 cm (14–18 in) tail[2] Habitat: Forest and savanna[3] Diet: Primarily eats fruit, carrion, small vertebrates, insects, and honey[3] LC Unknown [3]

Genus Gulo – Pallas, 1780 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Wolverine G. gulo (Linnaeus, 1758) Two subspecies G. g. luscus (American wolverine) G. g. gulo (Eurasian wolverine) Arctic North America, Europe, and Asia Size: 70–105 cm (28–41 in) long, plus 18–26 cm (7–10 in) tail[4] Habitat: Rocky areas, shrubland, forest, and grassland[5] Diet: Primarily eats carrion and small to large mammals[5] LC Unknown [5]

Genus Martes – Pinel, 1792 – seven species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population American marten M. americana (Turton, 1806) Fourteen subspecies M. a. abieticola M. a. abietinoides M. a. actuosa M. a. americana M. a. atrata (Newfoundland pine marten) M. a. brumalis M. a. caurina M. a. humboldtensis (Humboldt marten) M. a. kenaiensis M. a. nesophila M. a. origenes M. a. sierrae M. a. vancouverensis M. a. vulpina Northern North America (includes range of Pacific marten) Size: 46–66 cm (18–26 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail[6] Habitat: Forest[7] Diet: Primarily eats rodents and small mammals, as well as birds, insects, fruit, and carrion[7] LC Unknown [7] Beech marten M. foina (Erxleben, 1777) Eleven subspecies M. f. bosniaca (Balkan beech marten) M. f. bunites (Cretan beech marten) M. f. foina (European beech marten) M. f. intermedia (Middle Asian beech marten) M. f. kozlovi (Tibetan beech marten) M. f. mediterranea (Iberian beech marten) M. f. milleri (Rhodes beech marten) M. f. nehringi (Caucasian beech marten) M. f. rosanowi (Crimean beech marten) M. f. syriaca (Syrian beech marten) M. f. toufoeus (Lhasa beech marten) Europe and central Asia Size: 40–50 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 22–30 cm (9–12 in) tail[8] Habitat: Forest, rocky areas, and shrubland[9] Diet: Primarily eats rodents and small mammals, as well as birds, insects, fruit, and carrion[9] LC Unknown [9] European pine marten M. martes (Linnaeus, 1758) Seven subspecies M. m. borealis M. m. latinorum M. m. lorenzi M. m. minoricensis M. m. notialis M. m. ruthena M. m. uralensis Europe and west Asia Size: 48–58 cm (19–23 in) long, plus 16–28 cm (6–11 in) tail[10] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[11] Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, birds, and amphibians, as well as carrion[11] LC Unknown [11] Japanese marten M. melampus (Wagner, 1841) Two subspecies M. m. melampus M. m. tsuensis Japan (M. m. melampus in green, M. m. tsuensis in red (Tsushima Island)) Size: 47–55 cm (19–22 in) long, plus 17–22 cm (7–9 in) tail[12] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[13] Diet: Primarily eats fruit, small mammals, and insects[13] LC Unknown [13] Nilgiri marten M. gwatkinsii Horsfield, 1851 Parts of southern India Size: 55–65 cm (22–26 in) long, plus 40–45 cm (16–18 in) tail[14] Habitat: Forest and grassland[15] Diet: Primarily eats birds, small mammals, and insects[15] VU 1,000 [15] Sable M. zibellina (Linnaeus, 1758) Sixteen subspecies M. z. angarensis M. z. arsenjevi M. z. averini M. z. brachyura M. z. ilimpiensis M. z. jakutensis M. z. kamtschadalica M. z. obscura M. z. princeps M. z. sahalinensis M. z. sajanensis M. z. schantaricus M. z. tomensis M. z. tungussensis M. z. yeniseensis M. z. zibellina Large parts of Russia Size: 38–56 cm (15–22 in) long, plus 9–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[16] Habitat: Forest[17] Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, birds, nuts, and berries[17] LC 2 million [17] Yellow-throated marten M. flavigula (Boddaert, 1785) Nine subspecies M. f. borealis M. f. chrysospila M. f. flavigula M. f. hainana M. f. henrici M. f. indochinensis M. f. peninsularis M. f. robinsoni M. f. saba Eastern and southeastern Asia Size: 50–72 cm (20–28 in) long, plus 33–48 cm (13–19 in) tail[18] Habitat: Forest and grassland[19] Diet: Primarily eats birds, small mammals, and insects[19] LC Unknown [19]

Genus Pekania – Gray, 1865 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Fisher P. pennanti (Erxleben, 1777) Northern North America Size: 75–120 cm (30–47 in) long, plus 31–41 cm (12–16 in) tail[20] Habitat: Forest[21] Diet: Primarily eats small to medium mammals, birds, and carrion[21] LC Unknown [21]

### Subfamily Helictidinae

Main article: [Helictidinae](/source/Helictidinae)

Genus Melogale – I. Saint-Hilaire, 1831 – five species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Bornean ferret-badger M. everetti (Thomas, 1895) Small parts of Borneo Size: 33–44 cm (13–17 in) long, plus 15–23 cm (6–9 in) tail[22] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[23] Diet: Primarily eats invertebrates, amphibians, insects, fruit, and carrion[22][23] EN Unknown [23] Burmese ferret-badger M. personata I. Saint-Hilaire, 1831 Five subspecies M. p. laotum M. p. nipalensis M. p. personata M. p. pierrei M. p. tonquinia Southeast Asia Size: 33–44 cm (13–17 in) long, plus 15–23 cm (6–9 in) tail[24] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, and forest[25] Diet: Primarily eats insects and snails, as well as small mammals, frogs, lizards, carrion, birds, eggs, and fruit[24][25] LC Unknown [25] Chinese ferret-badger M. moschata (Gray, 1831) Seven subspecies M. m. ferreogrisea M. m. hainanensis M. m. millsi M. m. moschata M. m. sorella M. m. subaurantiaca M. m. taxilla East Asia Size: 30–43 cm (12–17 in) long, plus 15–21 cm (6–8 in) tail[26] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[27] Diet: Primarily eats insects, frogs, and carrion[27] LC Unknown [27] Javan ferret-badger M. orientalis (Blanford, 1888) Two subspecies M. o. orientalis M. o. sundaicus Parts of Java and Bali Size: 35–40 cm (14–16 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[28] Habitat: Shrubland and forest[29] Diet: Primarily eats invertebrates and insects[28][29] LC Unknown [29] Vietnam ferret-badger M. cucphuongensis T. Nadler, 2011 Vietnam Size: Unknown Habitat: Forest[30] Diet: Unknown[30] DD Unknown [30]

### Subfamily Ictonychinae

Main article: [Ictonychinae](/source/Ictonychinae)

Genus Galictis – Bell, 1826 – two species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Greater grison G. vittata (Schreber, 1776) Four subspecies G. v. andina G. v. brasiliensis G. v. canaster G. v. vittata Northern South America and Central America Size: 60–76 cm (24–30 in) long, including tail[31] Habitat: Forest and grassland[32] Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, birds, lizards, amphibians, eggs, and fruit[32] LC Unknown [32] Lesser grison G. cuja (Molina, 1782) Four subspecies G. c. cuja G. c. furax G. c. huronax G. c. luteola Southern South America Size: 28–51 cm (11–20 in) long, plus 12–20 cm (5–8 in) tail[33] Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, and savanna[34] Diet: Primarily eats small lagomorphs and rodents, as well as birds, frogs, lizards, snakes, and eggs[34] LC Unknown [34]

Genus Ictonyx – Kaup, 1835 – two species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Striped polecat I. striatus (Molina, 1782) Nineteen subspecies I. s. albescens I. s. arenarius I. s. elgonis I. s. erythreae I. s. ghansiensis I. s. giganteus I. s. intermedius I. s. kalaharicus I. s. lancasteri I. s. limpopoensis I. s. maximus I. s. obscuratus I. s. orangiae I. s. ovamboensis I. s. pretoriae I. s. senegalensis I. s. shoae I. s. shortridgei I. s. striatus Central, Southern, and sub-Saharan Africa Size: 28–30 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 20–30 cm (8–12 in) tail[35] Habitat: Grassland, savanna, desert, and shrubland[36] Diet: Primarily eats insects[36] LC Unknown [36] Saharan striped polecat I. libycus (Hemprich and Ehrenberg, 1833) Four subspecies I. l. libyca I. l. multivittata I. l. oralis I. l. rothschildi Northern, western, and southern edges of the Sahara Size: 40–47 cm (16–19 in) long, plus 16–19 cm (6–7 in) tail[37] Habitat: Shrubland and desert[38] Diet: Primarily eats rodents, small mammals, birds, fish, and insects[37][38] LC Unknown [38]

Genus Lyncodon – Gervais, 1845 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Patagonian weasel L. patagonicus (Blainville, 1842) Two subspecies L. p. patagonicus L. p. thomasi Argentina Size: 30–35 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 6–9 cm (2–4 in) tail[39] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest[40] Diet: Primarily eats rodents and birds[40] LC Unknown [40]

Genus Poecilogale – Thomas, 1883 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population African striped weasel P. albinucha (Gray, 1864) Five subspecies P. a. albinucha P. a. bechuanae P. a. doggetti P. a. lebombo P. a. transvaalensis Southern Africa Size: 25–36 cm (10–14 in) long, plus 13–23 cm (5–9 in) tail[41] Habitat: Shrubland, forest, savanna, and grassland[42] Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, rodents, and birds, as well as snakes and insects[41][42] LC Unknown [42]

Genus Vormela – Blasius, 1884 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Marbled polecat V. peregusna (Güldenstädt, 1864) Five subspecies V. p. koshewnikowi V. p. negans V. p. pallidior V. p. peregusna V. p. syriaca Southeast Europe and central Asia Size: 28–48 cm (11–19 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[43] Habitat: Desert, rocky areas, grassland, and shrubland[44] Diet: Primarily eats rodents and birds[44] VU Unknown [44]

### Subfamily Lutrinae

Main article: [Lutrinae](/source/Lutrinae)

Genus Aonyx – Lesson, 1827 – three species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population African clawless otter A. capensis Schinz, 1821 Five subspecies A. c. capensis (Cape clawless otter) A. c. hindei A. c. meneleki A. c. microdon A. c. philippsi Sub-Saharan Africa Size: 72–95 cm (28–37 in) long, plus 40–60 cm (16–24 in) tail[45] Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, neritic marine, coastal marine, intertidal marine, and grassland[46] Diet: Primarily eats crabs and lobsters, as well as frogs, fish, and insects[45][46] NT Unknown [46] Asian small-clawed otter A. cinereus (Illiger, 1815) Three subspecies A. c. cinereus A. c. concolor A. c. nirnai Southeast Asia Size: 40–63 cm (16–25 in) long, plus 25–35 cm (10–14 in) tail[47] Habitat: Intertidal marine, coastal marine, inland wetlands, forest, shrubland, neritic marine, and grassland[48] Diet: Primarily eats crabs, molluscs, insects, and small fish, as well as rodents, snakes, and amphibians[48] VU Unknown [48] Congo clawless otter A. congicus (Lönnberg, 1910) Sub-Saharan Africa Size: 79–95 cm (31–37 in) long, plus 50–56 cm (20–22 in) tail[49] Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, and marine[50] Diet: Unknown[50] NT Unknown [50]

Genus Enhydra – Fleming, 1828 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Sea otter E. lutris (Linnaeus, 1758) Three subspecies E. l. kenyoni (Northern sea otter) E. l. lutris (Asian sea otter) E. l. nereis (Southern sea otter) Northern Pacific coasts Size: 55–130 cm (22–51 in) long, plus 12–33 cm (5–13 in) tail[51] Habitat: Neritic marine and oceanic marine[52] Diet: Primarily eats marine invertebrates, as well as fish[52] EN 125,000 [52]

Genus Hydrictis – Pocock, 1921 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Spotted-necked otter H. maculicollis (Lichtenstein, 1835) Much of sub-Saharan Africa Size: 57–69 cm (22–27 in) long, plus 33–44 cm (13–17 in) tail[53] Habitat: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, forest, coastal marine, and intertidal marine[54] Diet: Primarily eats frogs, crabs and small water birds[53][54] NT Unknown [54]

Genus Lontra – Gray, 1843 – four species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population North American river otter L. canadensis (Schreber, 1777) Seven subspecies L. c. canadensis L. c. kodiacensis L. c. lataxina L. c. mira L. c. pacifica L. c. periclyzomae L. c. sonora United States and Canada, possibly Mexico Size: 66–107 cm (26–42 in) long, plus 31–46 cm (12–18 in) tail[55] Habitat: Inland wetlands, intertidal marine, neritic marine, and coastal marine[56] Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as amphibians and crustaceans[56] LC Unknown [56] Southern river otter L. provocax (Thomas, 1908) Southern Chile and Argentina Size: 57–70 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 35–46 cm (14–18 in) tail[57] Habitat: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, neritic marine, and intertidal marine[58] Diet: Primarily eats fish and crustaceans[58] EN Unknown [58] Neotropical otter L. longicaudis (Olfers, 1818) Three subspecies L. l. annectens L. l. enudris L. l. longicaudis South and Central America, Trinidad in the Caribbean Size: 50–79 cm (20–31 in) long, plus 37–57 cm (15–22 in) tail[59] Habitat: Coastal marine, inland wetlands, neritic marine, and intertidal marine[60] Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as crustaceans, insects, amphibians, and molluscs[60] NT Unknown [60] Marine otter L. felina (Molina, 1782) West coast of South America Size: 57–79 cm (22–31 in) long, plus 30–36 cm (12–14 in) tail[61] Habitat: Coastal marine, intertidal marine, oceanic marine, and neritic marine[62] Diet: Primarily eats crustaceans and molluscs, as well as fish, birds, and small mammals[62] EN Unknown [62]

Genus Lutra – Brisson, 1762 – three species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Eurasian otter L. lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) Eleven subspecies L. l. angustifrons L. l. aurobrunneus L. l. barang L. l. chinensis L. l. hainana L. l. kutab L. l. lutra L. l. meridionalis L. l. monticolus L. l. nair L. l. seistanica Europe, North Africa, and large regions of Asia Size: 57–70 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 35–40 cm (14–16 in) tail[63] Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, coastal marine, neretic marine, intertidal marine, and shrubland[64] Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as insects, reptiles, amphibians, birds, small mammals, and crustaceans[64] NT Unknown [64] Hairy-nosed otter L. sumatrana (Gray, 1865) Scattered parts of southeast Asia Size: 50–82 cm (20–32 in) long, plus 35–50 cm (14–20 in) tail[65] Habitat: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, shrubland, grassland, forest, coastal marine, and intertidal marine[66] Diet: Primarily eats fish and water snakes, as well as frogs, lizards, turtles, and crabs[66] EN Unknown [66] Japanese otter† L. nippon Imaizumi, Yoshiyuki, 1989 formerly Japan (extinct) Size: 65–80 cm (26–31 in) long, plus 45–50 cm (18–20 in) tail Habitat: Inland wetlands, neritic marine, shrubland, grassland, forest, coastal marine, and intertidal marine Diet: Fish, crabs, shrimp, eels, beetles, fruit EX 0

Genus Lutrogale – (Gray, 1865) – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Smooth-coated otter L. perspicillata Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1826 Three subspecies L. p. maxwelli (Iraq smooth–coated otter) L. p. perspicillata L. p. sindica Iraq, South and southeast Asia Size: 65–79 cm (26–31 in) long, plus 40–50 cm (16–20 in) tail[67] Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, grassland, coastal marine, neritic marine, intertidal marine, and shrubland[68] Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as shrimp, crabs, and insects[68] VU Unknown [68]

Genus Pteronura – Gray, 1837 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Giant otter P. brasiliensis (Gmelin, 1788) Two subspecies P. b. brasiliensis P. b. paraguensis North and central South America Size: 96–123 cm (38–48 in) long, plus 45–65 cm (18–26 in) tail[69] Habitat: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, neritic marine, and forest[70] Diet: Primarily eats fish, as well as caiman and turtles[70] EN Unknown [70]

### Subfamily Melinae

Main article: [Melinae](/source/Melinae)

Genus Arctonyx – F.Cuvier, 1825 – three species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Greater hog badger A. collaris F. Cuvier, 1825 Four subspecies A. c. collaris (Greater hog badger) A. c. consul (Burmese hog badger) A. c. dictator (Indochinese hog badger) East and southeast Asia (image includes albogularis and hoevenii) Size: 65–104 cm (26–41 in) long, plus 19–29 cm (7–11 in) tail[71] Habitat: Forest, grassland, shrubland, and savanna[72] Diet: Believed to primarily eat worms[72] VU Unknown [72] Northern hog badger A. albogularis (Blyth, 1853) Two subspecies A. a. albogularis (Greater hog badger) A. a. leucolaemus (Chinese hog badger) South and East Asia (image includes collaris and hoevenii) Size: 55–70 cm (22–28 in) long, plus 11–22 cm (4–9 in) tail[71] Habitat: Forest, bushland, agricultural area, wasteland, and montane grassland[73] Diet: Small vertebrates, invertebrates, and plant material[73] LC Unknown [73] Sumatran hog badger A. hoevenii (Blyth, 1853) Sumatra Size: 51–71 cm (20–28 in) long, plus 8–18 cm (3–7 in) tail[71] Habitat: Montane and mossy forests, montane grasslands[74] Diet: Believed to primarily eat invertebrates[74] LC Unknown [74]

Genus Meles – Brisson, 1762 – three species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Asian badger M. leucurus (Hodgson, 1847) Five subspecies M. l. amurensis (Amur badger) M. l. arenarius (Kazakh badger) M. l. leucurus (Common sand badger) M. l. sibiricus (Siberian badger) M. l. tianschanensis (Tien Shan badger) Central and east Asia Size: 49–70 cm (19–28 in) long, plus 13–21 cm (5–8 in) tail[75] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest[76] Diet: Omnivorous; eats fruit, nuts, plants, earthworms, insects, eggs, carrion, and small mammals[76] LC Unknown [76] European badger M. meles (Linnaeus, 1758) Four subspecies M. m. heptneri (Kizlyar badger) M. m. marianensis (Iberian badger) M. m. meles (Common badger) M. m. milleri (Norwegian badger) Europe (map also includes range of Caucasian badger) Size: 56–90 cm (22–35 in) long, plus 11–20 cm (4–8 in) tail[77] Habitat: Grassland, forest, desert, and shrubland[78] Diet: Omnivorous; eats fruit, nuts, plants, earthworms, insects, eggs, carrion, and small mammals[78] LC Unknown [78] Japanese badger M. anakuma Temminck, 1844 Japan Size: 70–79 cm (28–31 in) long, plus 14–20 cm (6–8 in) tail[79] Habitat: Forest[80] Diet: Primarily eats earthworms and insects, as well as fruit[80] LC Unknown [80]

### Subfamily Mellivorinae

Main article: [Mellivorinae](/source/Mellivorinae)

Genus Mellivora – Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr, 1780 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Honey badger M. capensis (Schreber, 1776) Twelve subspecies M. c. abyssinica (Ethiopian ratel) M. c. buechneri (Turkmenian ratel) M. c. capensis (Cape ratel) M. c. concisa (Lake Chad ratel) M. c. cottoni (Black ratel) M. c. inaurita (Nepalese ratel) M. c. indica (Indian ratel) M. c. leuconota (White-backed ratel) M. c. maxwelli (Kenyan ratel) M. c. pumilio (Arabian ratel) M. c. signata (Speckled ratel) M. c. wilsoni (Persian ratel) Africa, Middle East, and India Size: 73–96 cm (29–38 in) long, plus 14–23 cm (6–9 in) tail[81] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, savanna, and desert[82] Diet: Primarily eats smaller mammals[82] LC Unknown [82]

### Subfamily Mustelinae

Main article: [Mustelinae](/source/Mustelinae)

Genus Mustela – Linnaeus, 1758 – fifteen species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Back-striped weasel M. strigidorsa Gray, 1855 Parts of southeast Asia Size: 30–36 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 18–20 cm (7–8 in) tail[83] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[84] Diet: Unknown, but believed to eat rodents and insects[83][84] LC Unknown [84] Black-footed ferret M. nigripes (Audubon, 1851) Three small areas in central United States Size: 50–53 cm (20–21 in) long, plus 11–13 cm (4–5 in) tail[85] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[86] Diet: Primarily eats prairie dogs[86] EN 200 [86] Egyptian weasel M. subpalmata Hemprich, 1833 Nile river delta in Egypt Size: 32–43 cm (13–17 in) long, plus 9–13 cm (4–5 in) tail[87] Habitat: Urban, marine[88] Diet: Primarily eats fruit and vegetables, birds, and insects[89][88] LC Unknown [88] European mink M. lutreola (Linnaeus, 1761) Seven subspecies M. l. biedermanni (French mink) M. l. binominata M. l. cylipena (Middle European mink) M. l. lutreola (Northern mink) M. l. novikovi (Middle Russian mink) M. l. transsylvanica (Carpathian mink) M. l. turovi (Caucasian mink) Scattered parts of west Asia and west Europe Size: 35–43 cm (14–17 in) long, plus 15–19 cm (6–7 in) tail[90] Habitat: Inland wetlands[91] Diet: Primarily eats amphibians, crustaceans, fish, small mammals, insects, and birds[91] CR Unknown [91] European polecat M. putorius Linnaeus, 1758 Six subspecies M. p. anglia (Welsh polecat) M. p. aureola (Mediterranean polecat) M. p. caledoniae (Scottish polecat)† M. p. mosquensis (Middle Russian polecat) M. p. putorius (Common polecat) M. p. rothschildi (Carpathian polecat) Europe and west Asia Size: 29–46 cm (11–18 in) long, plus 8–17 cm (3–7 in) tail[92] Habitat: Inland wetlands, coastal marine, grassland, forest, and shrubland[93] Diet: Primarily eats lagomorphs, rodents, amphibians, and other vertebrates, as well as invertebrates and carrion[93] LC Unknown [93] Ferret M. furo Linnaeus, 1758 Worldwide distribution (domesticated) Size: 20–46 cm (8–18 in) long, plus 7–19 cm (3–7 in) tail[94] Habitat: Domesticated Diet: Primarily eats small mammals NE Unknown Indonesian mountain weasel M. lutreolina Robinson, 1917 Scattered parts of Indonesia Size: 27–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 13–17 cm (5–7 in) tail[95] Habitat: Shrubland and forest[96] Diet: Primarily eats rodents, as well as small mammals, birds, amphibians, and eggs[95][96] LC Unknown [96] Japanese weasel M. itatsi Temminck, 1844 native to Japan, introduced to Russia (native range in blue, introduced in red (Hokkaido, Sakhalin)) Size: 21–36 cm (8–14 in) long, plus 7–16 cm (3–6 in) tail[97] Habitat: Shrubland, grassland, and forest[98] Diet: Primarily eats rodents, insects, amphibians, and reptiles[98] NT Unknown [98] Least weasel M. nivalis Linnaeus, 1766 Seventeen subspecies M. n. allegheniensis (Allegheny weasel) M. n. boccamela (Transcaucasian weasel) M. n. campestris (Plains weasel) M. n. caucasica (Caucasian weasel) M. n. eskimo (Alaskan weasel) M. n. heptneri (Turkmenian weasel) M. n. mosanensis (Korean weasel) M. n. namiyei (Japanese weasel) M. n. nivalis (Common weasel) M. n. numidica (Mediterranean weasel) M. n. pallida (Montane Turkestan weasel) M. n. pygmaea (Siberian least weasel) M. n. rixosa (Bangs' weasel) M. n. rossica M. n. russelliana (Sichuan weasel) M. n. stoliczkana M. n. tonkinensis (Vietnamese weasel) M. n. vulgaris (Middle European weasel) Europe, Asia, northern Africa, northern North America Size: 11–26 cm (4–10 in) long, plus 1–9 cm (0–4 in) tail[99] Habitat: Forest, inland wetlands, rocky areas, coastal marine, shrubland, and grassland[100] Diet: Primarily eats rodents and other small mammals as well as eggs, lizards, frogs, salamanders, fish, worms, and carrion[100] LC Unknown [100] Malayan weasel M. nudipes Desmarest, 1822 Two subspecies M. n. leucocephalus M. n. nudipes Southeast Asia Size: 30–36 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[101] Habitat: Shrubland and forest[102] Diet: Primarily eats rodents, as well as small birds, lizards, and insects[101][102] LC Unknown [102] Mountain weasel M. altaica Pallas, 1811 Four subspecies M. a. altaica M. a. birulai M. a. raddei M. a. temon Central Asia and northern India Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 9–15 cm (4–6 in) tail[103] Habitat: Shrubland, rocky areas, and grassland[104] Diet: Primarily eats pikas, rodents, small birds, lizards, and insects[104] NT Unknown [104] Siberian weasel M. sibirica Pallas, 1773 Eleven subspecies M. s. canigula (Tibetan kolonok) M. s. charbinensis (Manchurian kolonok) M. s. coreanus (Korean kolonok) M. s. davidiana (Taiwanese kolonok) M. s. fontanierii (North Chinese kolonok) M. s. hodgsoni (Hodgson's kolonok) M. s. manchurica (Far Eastern kolonok) M. s. moupinensis (Burmese kolonok) M. s. quelpartis (Quelpart kolonok) M. s. sibirica (Siberian kolonok) M. s. subhemachalana (Himalayan kolonok) North-central and east Asia (native range in green, introduced in red (Japan)) Size: 25–39 cm (10–15 in) long, plus 13–21 cm (5–8 in) tail[105] Habitat: Grassland, shrubland, forest, and rocky areas[106] Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, amphibians, fish, carrion, and pine nuts[106] LC Unknown [106] Steppe polecat M. eversmanii Lesson, 1827 Seven subspecies M. e. admirata (Chinese steppe polecat) M. e. amurensis (Amur steppe polecat) M. e. eversmanii (Petropavlov steppe polecat) M. e. hungarica (European steppe polecat) M. e. larvatus (Tibetan steppe polecat) M. e. michnoi (Baikal steppe polecat) M. e. talassicus (Turkestan steppe polecat) Central Asia and eastern Europe Size: 29–56 cm (11–22 in) long, plus 8–18 cm (3–7 in) tail[107] Habitat: Grassland and shrubland[108] Diet: Primarily eats rodents and pikas[108] LC Unknown [108] Stoat M. erminea Linnaeus, 1758 37 subspecies M. e. aestiva (Middle Russian stoat) M. e. alascensis (Junean stoat) M. e. anguinae (Vancouver Island stoat) M. e. arctica (Tundra stoat) M. e. augustidens M. e. bangsi (Western Great Lakes stoat) M. e. celenda M. e. cigognanii (Bonaparte's stoat) M. e. erminea (Northern stoat) M. e. fallenda M. e. ferghanae (Fergana stoat) M. e. gulosa M. e. haidarum (Queen Charlotte Islands stoat) M. e. hibernica (Irish stoat) M. e. initis M. e. invicta M. e. kadiacensis (Kodiak stoat) M. e. kaneii (East Siberian stoat) M. e. karaginensis (Karaginsky stoat) M. e. lymani (Altai stoat) M. e. martinoi M. e. minima (Swiss stoat) M. e. mongolica (Gobi stoat) M. e. muricus (Southwestern stoat) M. e. nippon (Japanese stoat) M. e. ognevi M. e. olympica (Olympic stoat) M. e. polaris (Polar stoat) M. e. richardsonii (Richardson's stoat) M. e. ricinae (Hebrides stoat) M. e. salva M. e. seclusa M. e. semplei (Baffin Island stoat) M. e. stabilis (British stoat) M. e. streatori M. e. teberdina (Caucasian stoat) M. e. tobolica (Tobolsk stoat) Europe, north Asia, northern North America, and Greenland (native range in green, introduced in red (New Zealand)); map includes range of American and haida ermines Size: 17–33 cm (7–13 in) long, plus 4–12 cm (2–5 in) tail[109] Habitat: Shrubland, inland wetlands, grassland, rocky areas, and forest[110] Diet: Primarily eats small mammals, as well as fruit, earthworms, insects, eggs, and birds[110] LC Unknown [110] Yellow-bellied weasel M. kathiah Hodgson, 1835 Two subspecies M. k. caporiaccoi M. k. kathiah Himalayan mountains and east-southeast Asia Size: 25–27 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 12–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[111] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and grassland[112] Diet: Primarily eats rodents, as well as birds and small mammals[111][112] LC Unknown [112]

Genus Neogale – Gray, 1865 – five species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population Amazon weasel N. africana (Desmarest, 1818) Two subspecies N. a. africana N. a. stolzmanni Amazon basin Size: 41–52 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 16–21 cm (6–8 in) tail[113] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest[114] Diet: Unknown[115][114] LC Unknown [114] American mink N. vison (Schreber, 1777) Fifteen subspecies N. v. aestuarina (California lowland mink) N. v. aniakensis N. v. energumenos (Western mink) N. v. evagor N. v. evergladensis (Everglades mink) N. v. ingens (Alaskan mink) N. v. lacustris (Hudson Bay mink) N. v. letifera (Mississippi Valley mink) N. v. lowii N. v. lutensis (Florida mink) N. v. melampeplus (Kenai mink) N. v. mink (Common mink) N. v. nesolestes (Island mink) N. v. vison (Eastern mink) N. v. vulgivaga (Southern mink) Canada and United States; introduced to large areas in South America, Europe, and Asia (native range in red (North America), introduced in pink) Size: 31–45 cm (12–18 in) long, plus 14–25 cm (6–10 in) tail[116] Habitat: Inland wetlands, forest, and shrubland[117] Diet: Primarily eats fish, amphibians, crustaceans, muskrats, and small mammals[117] LC Unknown [117] Colombian weasel N. felipei (Izor and Torre, 1978) Small area of northwest South America Size: 32–39 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail[118] Habitat: Inland wetlands and forest[119] Diet: Unknown, but believed to eat fish, small mammals, and insects[120][119] VU 1,300 [119] Long-tailed weasel N. frenata (Lichtenstein, 1831) 42 subspecies N. f. affinis N. f. agilis N. f. alleni (Black Hills long-tailed weasel) N. f. altifrontalis N. f. arizonensis (Arizona long-tailed weasel) N. f. arthuri N. f. aureoventris N. f. boliviensis (Bolivian long-tailed weasel) N. f. costaricensis (Costa Rican long-tailed weasel) N. f. effera N. f. frenata (Bridled weasel) N. f. goldmani (Chiapas long-tailed weasel) N. f. gracilis N. f. helleri N. f. inyoensis (Inyo long-tailed weasel) N. f. latirostra N. f. leucoparia N. f. longicauda (Common long-tailed weasel) N. f. macrophonius N. f. munda N. f. neomexicanus (New Mexico long-tailed weasel) N. f. nevadensis (Nevada long-tailed weasel) N. f. nicaraguae (Nicaraguan long-tailed weasel) N. f. nigriauris N. f. notius N. f. noveboracensis (New York long-tailed weasel) N. f. occisor N. f. olivacea N. f. oregonensis (Oregon long-tailed weasel) N. f. oribasus N. f. panamensis (Panama long-tailed weasel) N. f. peninsulae (Florida long-tailed weasel) N. f. perda N. f. perotae N. f. primulina N. f. pulchra N. f. saturata (Cascade Mountains long-tailed weasel) N. f. spadix N. f. texensis (Texas long-tailed weasel) N. f. tropicalis (Tropical long-tailed weasel) N. f. washingtoni (Washington long-tailed weasel) N. f. xanthogenys (California long-tailed weasel) North America, Central America, and northern South America Size: 28–42 cm (11–17 in) long, plus 11–30 cm (4–12 in) tail[121] Habitat: Inland wetlands, grassland, and shrubland[122] Diet: Primarily eats rodents and other small mammals[122] LC Unknown [122] Sea mink† N. macrodon (Prentiss, 1903) formerly northern New England coast in United States, Maritime Provinces in Canada Size: Estimated to have been around 91 cm (36 in) long, plus 25 cm (10 in) tail[123] Habitat: Intertidal marine, neritic marine, and coastal marine[124] Diet: Primarily ate fish as well as molluscs[124] EX 0 [124]

### Subfamily Taxidiinae

Main article: [Taxidiinae](/source/Taxidiinae)

Genus Taxidea – Horsfield, 1839 – one species Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population American badger T. taxus (Schreber, 1777) Five subspecies T. t. berlandieri (Texas badger) T. t. jacksoni (Jackson's badger) T. t. jeffersonii (British Columbia badger) T. t. marylandica (Maryland badger) T. t. taxus Mexico, United States and southern Canada Size: 42–72 cm (17–28 in) long, plus 10–16 cm (4–6 in) tail[125] Habitat: Forest, grassland, and shrubland[126] Diet: Primarily eats fossorial rodents, as well as scorpions, insects, snakes, lizards, and birds[126] LC Unknown [126]

## References

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1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNNilgirimarten_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNNilgirimarten_15-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNNilgirimarten_15-2) Mudappa, D.; Jathana, D.; Raman, T. R. S. (2015). ["*Martes gwatkinsii*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12847/45199025). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T12847A45199025. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T12847A45199025.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T12847A45199025.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWSable_16-0)** Bates, Jeremy (2002). ["*Martes zibellina*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Martes_zibellina/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved November 13, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNSable_17-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNSable_17-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNSable_17-2) Monakhov, V. G. (2016). ["*Martes zibellina*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41652/45213477). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41652A45213477. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41652A45213477.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41652A45213477.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWYellow-throatedmarten_18-0)** Shak, Marcus (2012). ["*Martes flavigula*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Martes_flavigula/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved November 13, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNYellow-throatedmarten_19-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNYellow-throatedmarten_19-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNYellow-throatedmarten_19-2) Chutipong, W.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Choudhury, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Roberton, S.; Long, B.; Rahman, H.; Hearn, A.; Dinets, V.; Willcox, D. H. A. (2016). ["*Martes flavigula*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41649/45212973). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41649A45212973. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41649A45212973.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41649A45212973.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWFisher_20-0)** Rhines, Cynthia (2003). ["*Martes pennanti*"](https://animaldiversity.org/site/accounts/information/martes_pennanti.html). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved October 15, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNFisher(animal)_21-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNFisher(animal)_21-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNFisher(animal)_21-2) Helgen, K.; Reid, F. (2016) [amended version of 2016 assessment]. ["*Martes pennanti*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41651/125236220). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41651A125236220. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41651A125236220.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41651A125236220.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ADWBorneanferret-badger_22-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ADWBorneanferret-badger_22-1) Edmison, Nicole (2003). ["*Melogale everetti*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Melogale_everetti/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved November 13, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNBorneanferret-badger_23-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNBorneanferret-badger_23-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNBorneanferret-badger_23-2) Wilting, A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Hearn, A.; Ross, J. (2015). ["*Melogale everetti*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/13110/45199541). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T13110A45199541. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T13110A45199541.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T13110A45199541.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ADWBurmeseferret-badger_24-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ADWBurmeseferret-badger_24-1) Clarke, Rosie (2003). ["*Melogale personata*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Melogale_personata/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved November 13, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNBurmeseferret-badger_25-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNBurmeseferret-badger_25-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNBurmeseferret-badger_25-2) Duckworth, J. W.; Long, B.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Coudrat, C. N. Z.; Timmins, R. J.; Abramov, A. V.; Chan, B.; Chutipong, W. (2016). ["*Melogale personata*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41627/45209826). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41627A45209826. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41627A45209826.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41627A45209826.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Chineseferret-badgerSize_26-0)** Smith, Andrew T.; Xie, Yan, eds. (2010). *A Guide to the Mammals of China*. [Princeton University Press](/source/Princeton_University_Press). p. 441. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4008-3411-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-3411-2).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNChineseferret-badger_27-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNChineseferret-badger_27-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNChineseferret-badger_27-2) Duckworth, J. W.; Abramov, A. V.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Timmins, R. J.; Choudhury, A.; Roberton, S.; Long, B.; Lau, M. (2016). ["*Melogale moschata*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41626/45209676). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41626A45209676. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41626A45209676.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41626A45209676.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ADWJavanferret-badger_28-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ADWJavanferret-badger_28-1) Denryter, Kristin (2013). ["*Melogale orientalis*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Melogale_orientalis/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved November 13, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNJavanferret-badger_29-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNJavanferret-badger_29-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNJavanferret-badger_29-2) Duckworth, J. W.; Shepherd, C.; Rode-Margono, E. J.; Wilianto, E.; Spaan, D.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). ["*Melogale orientalis*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41697/45218557). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41697A45218557. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41697A45218557.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41697A45218557.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNVietnamferret-badger_30-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNVietnamferret-badger_30-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNVietnamferret-badger_30-2) Helgen, K.; Long, B. (2016). ["*Melogale cucphuongensis*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/68369199/68369432). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T68369199A68369432. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T68369199A68369432.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T68369199A68369432.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWGreatergrison_31-0)** Gregg, Mackenzie (2013). ["*Galictis grison*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Galictis_vittata/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved November 21, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNGreatergrison_32-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNGreatergrison_32-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNGreatergrison_32-2) Cuarón, A. D.; Reid, F.; González-Maya, J. F.; Helgen, K. (2016). ["*Galictis vittata*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41640/45211961). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41640A45211961. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41640A45211961.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41640A45211961.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWLessergrison_33-0)** Melrose, Robert (2004). ["*Galictis cuja*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Galictis_cuja/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved November 21, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNLessergrison_34-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNLessergrison_34-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNLessergrison_34-2) Helgen, K.; Schiaffini, M. (2016). ["*Galictis cuja*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41639/45211832). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41639A45211832. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41639A45211832.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41639A45211832.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWStripedpolecat_35-0)** Aguilar, William (2003). ["*Ictonyx striatus*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Ictonyx_striatus/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved November 21, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNStripedpolecat_36-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNStripedpolecat_36-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNStripedpolecat_36-2) Stuart, C.; Stuart, M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). ["*Ictonyx striatus*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41646/45212491). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T41646A45212491. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41646A45212491.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41646A45212491.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-SaharanstripedpolecatSize_37-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-SaharanstripedpolecatSize_37-1) Hoath, Richard (2009). *A Field Guide to the Mammals of Egypt*. [American University in Cairo Press](/source/American_University_in_Cairo_Press). pp. 82–84. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-977-416-254-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-977-416-254-1).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNSaharanstripedpolecat_38-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNSaharanstripedpolecat_38-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNSaharanstripedpolecat_38-2) Ahmim, M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). ["*Ictonyx libycus*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41645/45212347). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T41645A45212347. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41645A45212347.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41645A45212347.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWPatagonianweasel_39-0)** Malek, Karen (2003). ["*Lyncodon patagonicus*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lyncodon_patagonicus/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved November 21, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNPatagonianweasel_40-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNPatagonianweasel_40-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNPatagonianweasel_40-2) Kelt, D.; Pardiñas, U.; Schiaffini, M.; González-Maya, J. F. (2016). ["*Lyncodon patagonicus*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41647/45212747). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41647A45212747. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41647A45212747.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41647A45212747.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ADWAfricanstripedweasel_41-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ADWAfricanstripedweasel_41-1) Brilliant, Matt (2000). ["*Poecilogale albinucha*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Poecilogale_albinucha/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved November 21, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNAfricanstripedweasel_42-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNAfricanstripedweasel_42-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNAfricanstripedweasel_42-2) Stuart, C.; Stuart, M.; Do Linh San, E. (2015). ["*Poecilogale albinucha*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41662/45215258). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T41662A45215258. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41662A45215258.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41662A45215258.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWMarbledpolecat_43-0)** Petroelje, Tyler (2011). ["*Vormela peregusna*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Vormela_peregusna/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved November 22, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNMarbledpolecat_44-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNMarbledpolecat_44-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNMarbledpolecat_44-2) Abramov, A. V.; Kranz, A.; Maran, T. (2016). ["*Vormela peregusna*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/29680/45203971). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T29680A45203971. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29680A45203971.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29680A45203971.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-OSGAfricanclawlessotter_45-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-OSGAfricanclawlessotter_45-1) ["African Clawless Otter (*Aonyx capensis*)"](https://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/osg-newsite/otr_species/african-clawless-otter-aonyx-capensis/). *IUCN Otter Specialist Group*. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNAfricanclawlessotter_46-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNAfricanclawlessotter_46-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNAfricanclawlessotter_46-2) Jacques, H.; Reed-Smith, J.; Somers, M. J. (2015). ["*Aonyx capensis*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/1793/21938767). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T1793A21938767. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T1793A21938767.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T1793A21938767.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-OSGAsiansmall-clawedotter_47-0)** ["Asian Small-clawed Otter (*Aonyx cinereus*)"](https://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/osg-newsite/otr_species/asian-small-clawed-otter-aonyx-cinereus/). *IUCN Otter Specialist Group*. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNAsiansmall-clawedotter_48-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNAsiansmall-clawedotter_48-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNAsiansmall-clawedotter_48-2) Wright, L.; de Silva, P.; Chan, B.; Reza Lubis, I. (2015). ["*Aonyx cinereus*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/44166/21939068). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T44166A21939068. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T44166A21939068.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T44166A21939068.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-OSGCongoclawlessotter_49-0)** ["Congo Clawless Otter (*Aonyx congicus*)"](https://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/osg-newsite/otr_species/congo-clawless-otter-aonyx-congicus/). *IUCN Otter Specialist Group*. Retrieved August 30, 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNCongoclawlessotter_50-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNCongoclawlessotter_50-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNCongoclawlessotter_50-2) Jacques, H.; Reed-Smith, J.; Davenport, C; Somers, M. J. (2015). ["*Aonyx congicus*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/1794/14164772). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T1794A14164772. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T1794A14164772.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T1794A14164772.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-OSGSeaotter_51-0)** ["Sea Otter (*Enhydra lutris*)"](https://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/osg-newsite/otr_species/sea-otter-enhydra-lutris/). *IUCN Otter Specialist Group*. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNSeaotter_52-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNSeaotter_52-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNSeaotter_52-2) Doroff, A.; Burdin, A. (2015). ["*Enhydra lutris*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/7750/21939518). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T7750A21939518. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T7750A21939518.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T7750A21939518.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-OSGSpotted-neckedotter_53-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-OSGSpotted-neckedotter_53-1) ["Spotted-necked Otter (*Hydrictis maculicollis*)"](https://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/osg-newsite/otr_species/spotted-necked-otter-hydrictis-maculicollis/). *IUCN Otter Specialist Group*. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNSpotted-neckedotter_54-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNSpotted-neckedotter_54-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNSpotted-neckedotter_54-2) Reed-Smith, J.; Jacques, H.; Somers, M. J. (2015). ["*Hydrictis maculicollis*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12420/21936042). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T12420A21936042. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12420A21936042.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12420A21936042.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-OSGNorthAmericanriverotter_55-0)** ["North American River Otter (*Lontra canadensis*)"](https://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/osg-newsite/otr_species/north-american-river-otter-lontra-canadensis/). *IUCN Otter Specialist Group*. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNNorthAmericanriverotter_56-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNNorthAmericanriverotter_56-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNNorthAmericanriverotter_56-2) Serfass, T.; Evans, S. S.; Polechla, P. (2015). ["*Lontra canadensis*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12302/21936349). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T12302A21936349. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12302A21936349.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12302A21936349.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-OSGSouthernriverotter_57-0)** ["Southern River Otter (*Lontra provocax*)"](https://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/osg-newsite/otr_species/southernriverotter_lontraprovocax/). *IUCN Otter Specialist Group*. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNSouthernriverotter_58-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNSouthernriverotter_58-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNSouthernriverotter_58-2) Sepúlveda, M. A.; Valenzuela, A. E. J.; Pozzi, C.; Medina-Vogel, G.; Chehébar, C. (2015). ["*Lontra provocax*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12305/21938042). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T12305A21938042. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12305A21938042.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12305A21938042.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-OSGNeotropicalotter_59-0)** ["Neotropical Otter (*Lontra longicaudis*)"](https://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/osg-newsite/otr_species/neotropicalotter_lontralongicaudis/). *IUCN Otter Specialist Group*. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNNeotropicalotter_60-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNNeotropicalotter_60-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNNeotropicalotter_60-2) Rheingantz, M. L.; Trinca, C. S. (2015). ["*Lontra longicaudis*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12304/21937379). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T12304A21937379. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12304A21937379.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12304A21937379.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-MarineotterSize_61-0)** Jefferson, Thomas A.; Webber, Marc A.; Pitman, Robert L. (2015). *Marine Mammals of the World: A Comprehensive Guide to their Identification*. [Academic Press](/source/Academic_Press). pp. 539–541. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-12-409592-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-409592-2).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNMarineotter_62-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNMarineotter_62-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNMarineotter_62-2) Valqui, J.; Rheingantz, M. L. (2015). ["*Lontra felina*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12303/21937779). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T12303A21937779. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12303A21937779.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12303A21937779.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-OSGEurasianotter_63-0)** ["Eurasian Otter (*Lutra lutra*)"](https://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/osg-newsite/otr_species/eurasian-otter-lutra-lutra/). *IUCN Otter Specialist Group*. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNEurasianotter_64-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNEurasianotter_64-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNEurasianotter_64-2) Roos, A.; Loy, A.; de Silva, P.; Hajkova, P.; Zemanová, B. (2015). ["*Lutra lutra*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12419/21935287). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T12419A21935287. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12419A21935287.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12419A21935287.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-OSGHairy-nosedotter_65-0)** ["Hairy-nosed Otter (*Lutra sumatrana*)"](https://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/osg-newsite/otr_species/hairy-nosed-otter-lutra-sumatrana/). *IUCN Otter Specialist Group*. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNHairy-nosedotter_66-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNHairy-nosedotter_66-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNHairy-nosedotter_66-2) Aadrean, A.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Heng, S.; Reza Lubis, I.; de Silva, P.; Olsson, A. (2015). ["*Lutra sumatrana*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12421/21936999). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T12421A21936999. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12421A21936999.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12421A21936999.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-OSGSmooth-coatedotter_67-0)** ["Smooth-coated Otter (*Lutrogale perspicillata*)"](https://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/osg-newsite/otr_species/smooth-coated-otter-lutrogale-perspicillata/). *IUCN Otter Specialist Group*. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNSmooth-coatedotter_68-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNSmooth-coatedotter_68-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNSmooth-coatedotter_68-2) de Silva, P.; Khan, W. A.; Kanchanasaka, B.; Reza Lubis, I.; Feeroz, M. M.; Al-Sheikhly, O. F. (2015). ["*Lutrogale perspicillata*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/12427/21934884). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T12427A21934884. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12427A21934884.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T12427A21934884.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-OSGGiantotter_69-0)** ["Giant Otter (*Pteronura brasiliensis*)"](https://www.otterspecialistgroup.org/osg-newsite/otr_species/giant-otter-pteronura-brasiliensis/). *IUCN Otter Specialist Group*. Retrieved November 26, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNGiantotter_70-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNGiantotter_70-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNGiantotter_70-2) Groenendijk, J.; Duplaix, N.; Marmontel, M.; Van Damme, P.; Schenck, C. (2015). ["*Pteronura brasiliensis*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/18711/21938411). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T18711A21938411. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T18711A21938411.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T18711A21938411.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Hogbadgersize_71-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Hogbadgersize_71-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Hogbadgersize_71-2) Helgen, Kristofer M.; Lim, Norman T.-L.; Helgen, Lauren E. (2008). ["The hog-badger is not an edentate: systematics and evolution of the genus Arctonyx (Mammalia: Mustelidae)"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7107037). *Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society*. **154** (2): 353–385. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00416.x](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1096-3642.2008.00416.x). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [1096-3642](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1096-3642). [PMC](/source/PMC_(identifier)) [7107037](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7107037). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [32287392](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32287392).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNGreaterhogbadger_72-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNGreaterhogbadger_72-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNGreaterhogbadger_72-2) Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R.; Chutipong, W.; Gray, T. N. E.; Long, B.; Helgen, K.; Rahman, H.; Choudhury, A.; Willcox, D. H. A. (2016). ["*Arctonyx collaris*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/70205537/45209459). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T70205537A45209459. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T70205537A45209459.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T70205537A45209459.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNNorthernhogbadger_73-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNNorthernhogbadger_73-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNNorthernhogbadger_73-2) Helgen, K. & Chan, B. (2016). ["*Arctonyx albogularis*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/70206273/70206436). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T70206273A70206436.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNSumatranhogbadger_74-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNSumatranhogbadger_74-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNSumatranhogbadger_74-2) Helgen, K. & Chan, B. (2016). ["*Arctonyx hoevenii*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/70206273/70206436). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T70206273A70206436.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-AsianbadgerSize_75-0)** Smith, Andrew T.; Xie, Yan, eds. (2013). *Mammals of China*. [Princeton University Press](/source/Princeton_University_Press). p. 326. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4008-4688-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-4688-7).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNAsianbadger_76-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNAsianbadger_76-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNAsianbadger_76-2) Abramov, A. V. (2016). ["*Meles leucurus*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136385/45221149). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T136385A45221149. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136385A45221149.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136385A45221149.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWEuropeanbadger_77-0)** Wang, Annie (2011). ["*Meles meles*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Meles_meles/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved November 27, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNEuropeanbadger_78-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNEuropeanbadger_78-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNEuropeanbadger_78-2) Kranz, A.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T. (2016). ["*Meles meles*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/29673/45203002). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T29673A45203002. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29673A45203002.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29673A45203002.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWJapanesebadger_79-0)** Riney, Julie (2011). ["*Meles anakuma*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Meles_anakuma/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved November 27, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNJapanesebadger_80-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNJapanesebadger_80-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNJapanesebadger_80-2) Kaneko, Y.; Masuda, R.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). ["*Meles anakuma*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/136242/45221049). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T136242A45221049. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136242A45221049.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T136242A45221049.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-HoneybadgerSize_81-0)** ["Honey Badger (Ratel)"](https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/honey-badger-ratel). *San Diego Zoo Animals & Plants*. [San Diego Zoo](/source/San_Diego_Zoo). Retrieved November 27, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNHoneybadger_82-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNHoneybadger_82-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNHoneybadger_82-2) Do Linh San, E.; Begg, C.; Begg, K.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). ["*Mellivora capensis*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41629/45210107). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41629A45210107. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41629A45210107.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41629A45210107.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ADWBack-stripedweasel_83-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ADWBack-stripedweasel_83-1) Stewart, Reynaud (2013). ["*Mustela strigidorsa*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustela_strigidorsa/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved December 12, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNBack-stripedweasel_84-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNBack-stripedweasel_84-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNBack-stripedweasel_84-2) Roberton, S.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Abramov, A. V.; Chutipong, W.; Choudhury, A.; Willcox, D. H. A.; Dinets, V. (2016). ["*Mustela strigidorsa*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14027/45201218). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T14027A45201218. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14027A45201218.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14027A45201218.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Black-footedferretsize_85-0)** Hillman, Conrad N.; Clark, Tim W. (April 15, 1980). ["*Mustela nigripes*"](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3503892). *[Mammalian Species](/source/Mammalian_Species)*. **1** (126): 1–3. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1980MamSp.126....1H](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1980MamSp.126....1H). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/3503892](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3503892). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [3503892](https://www.jstor.org/stable/3503892).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNBlack-footedferret_86-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNBlack-footedferret_86-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNBlack-footedferret_86-2) Belant, J.; Biggins, D.; Garelle, D.; Griebel, R. G.; Hughes, J. P. (2015). ["*Mustela nigripes*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14020/45200314). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T14020A45200314. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T14020A45200314.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T14020A45200314.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Egyptianweaselsize_87-0)** ["*Mustela subpalmata*"](https://web.archive.org/web/20141223163512/http://www.arkive.org/egyptian-weasel/mustela-subpalmata/). *[ARKive](/source/ARKive)*. [Wildscreen](/source/Wildscreen). Archived from [the original](http://www.arkive.org/egyptian-weasel/mustela-subpalmata/) on December 23, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNEgyptianweasel_88-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNEgyptianweasel_88-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNEgyptianweasel_88-2) McDonald, R. A.; Do Linh San, E. (2016). ["*Mustela subpalmata*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41660/65993325). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41660A65993325. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41660A65993325.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41660A65993325.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWEgyptianweasel_89-0)** Storgaard, Morten Swayne (2015). ["*Mustela subpalmata*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustela_subpalmata/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved January 22, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Europeanminksize_90-0)** Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). [*Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae)*](https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov212001gept). [Smithsonian Institution](/source/Smithsonian_Institution). pp. [1083](https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov212001gept/page/1083)–1084. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-90-04-08876-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08876-4).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNEuropeanmink_91-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNEuropeanmink_91-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNEuropeanmink_91-2) Maran, T.; Skumatov, D.; Gomez, A.; Põdra, M.; Abramov, A. V.; Dinets, V. (2016). ["*Mustela lutreola*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14018/45199861). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T14018A45199861. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14018A45199861.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14018A45199861.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Europeanpolecatsize_92-0)** Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). [*Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae)*](https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov212001gept). [Smithsonian Institution](/source/Smithsonian_Institution). pp. [1114](https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov212001gept/page/1114)–1115. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-90-04-08876-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08876-4).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNEuropeanpolecat_93-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNEuropeanpolecat_93-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNEuropeanpolecat_93-2) Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A. V.; Herrero, J.; Kitchener, A.; Maran, T.; Kranz, A.; Sándor, A.; Saveljev, A.; Savour-Soubelet, A.; Guinot-Ghestem, M.; Zuberogoitia, I.; Birks, J. D. S.; Weber, A.; Melisch, R.; Ruette, S. (2016). ["*Mustela putorius*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41658/45214384). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41658A45214384. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41658A45214384.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41658A45214384.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ferretsize_94-0)** Bradford, Alina (April 12, 2016). ["Facts About Ferrets"](https://www.livescience.com/54391-ferrets.html). *[Live Science](/source/Live_Science)*. [Future](/source/Future_plc). Retrieved August 30, 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ADWIndonesianmountainweasel_95-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ADWIndonesianmountainweasel_95-1) Hunt, Amelia (2013). ["*Mustela lutreolina*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustela_lutreolina/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved December 16, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNIndonesianmountainweasel_96-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNIndonesianmountainweasel_96-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNIndonesianmountainweasel_96-2) Duckworth, J. W.; Holden, J.; Eaton, J.; Meijaard, E.; Long, B.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). ["*Mustela lutreolina*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14019/45200228). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T14019A45200228. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14019A45200228.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14019A45200228.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Japaneseweaselsize_97-0)** Abramov, Alexei V. "On a taxonomic position of the weasel (Carnivora, Mustela) from the Cheju Island (South Korea)". *Russian Journal of Theriology*. **4** (2): 112.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNJapaneseweasel_98-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNJapaneseweasel_98-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNJapaneseweasel_98-2) Kaneko, Y.; Masuda, R.; Abramov, A. V. (2016). ["*Mustela itatsi*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41656/45214163). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41656A45214163. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41656A45214163.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41656A45214163.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Leastweaselsize_99-0)** Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). [*Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae)*](https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov212001gept). [Smithsonian Institution](/source/Smithsonian_Institution). pp. [970](https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov212001gept/page/970)–972. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-90-04-08876-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08876-4).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNLeastweasel_100-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNLeastweasel_100-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNLeastweasel_100-2) McDonald, R. A.; Abramov, A. V.; Stubbe, M.; Herrero, J.; Maran, T.; Tikhonov, A.; Cavallini, P.; Kranz, A.; Giannatos, G.; Krytufek, B.; Reid, F. (2016). ["*Mustela nivalis*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/70207409/147993366). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T70207409A147993366. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T70207409A147993366.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T70207409A147993366.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ADWMalayanweasel_101-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ADWMalayanweasel_101-1) Kohlmann, Jodie (2014). ["*Mustela nudipes*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustela_nudipes/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved December 16, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNMalayanweasel_102-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNMalayanweasel_102-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNMalayanweasel_102-2) Duckworth, J. W.; Chutipong, W.; Hearn, A.; Ross, J. (2015). ["*Mustela nudipes*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41657/45214257). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2015** e.T41657A45214257. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41657A45214257.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T41657A45214257.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWMountainweasel_103-0)** Ellen, Sherrill (2002). ["*Mustela altaica*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustela_altaica/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved December 16, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNMountainweasel_104-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNMountainweasel_104-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNMountainweasel_104-2) Abramov, A. V. (2016). ["*Mustela altaica*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41653/45213647). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41653A45213647. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41653A45213647.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41653A45213647.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWSiberianweasel_105-0)** Kreutzer, Jason (2003). ["*Mustela sibirica*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustela_sibirica/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved December 16, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNSiberianweasel_106-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNSiberianweasel_106-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNSiberianweasel_106-2) Abramov, A. V.; Duckworth, J. W.; Choudhury, A.; Chutipong, W.; Timmins, R.J.; Ghimirey, Y.; Chan, B.; Dinets, V. (2016). ["*Mustela sibirica*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41659/45214744). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41659A45214744. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41659A45214744.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41659A45214744.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Steppepolecatsize_107-0)** Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). [*Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae)*](https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov212001gept). [Smithsonian Institution](/source/Smithsonian_Institution). pp. [1142](https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov212001gept/page/1142)–1143. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-90-04-08876-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08876-4).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNSteppepolecat_108-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNSteppepolecat_108-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNSteppepolecat_108-2) Maran, T.; Skumatov, D.; Abramov, A. V.; Kranz, A. (2016). ["*Mustela eversmanii*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/29679/45203762). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T29679A45203762. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29679A45203762.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29679A45203762.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWStoat_109-0)** Loso, Heather (1999). ["*Mustela erminea*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustela_erminea/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved December 16, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNStoat_110-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNStoat_110-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNStoat_110-2) Reid, F.; Helgen, K.; Kranz, A. (2016). ["*Mustela erminea*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/29674/45203335). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T29674A45203335. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29674A45203335.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T29674A45203335.en).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ADWYellow-belliedweasel_111-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ADWYellow-belliedweasel_111-1) Bandner, Kerstin (2002). ["*Mustela kathiah*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustela_kathiah/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved December 16, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNYellow-belliedweasel_112-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNYellow-belliedweasel_112-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNYellow-belliedweasel_112-2) Willcox, D. H. A.; Duckworth, J. W.; Timmins, R. J.; Abramov, A. V.; Choudhury, A.; Chutipong, W.; Chan, B.; Lau, M.; Roberton, S. (2016). ["*Mustela kathiah*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41655/45214014). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41655A45214014. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41655A45214014.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41655A45214014.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Amazonweaselsize_113-0)** Ramírez-Chaves, H. E.; Arango-Guerra, H. L.; Patterson, B. D. (December 18, 2014). ["*Mustela africana* (Carnivora: Mustelidae)"](https://zenodo.org/record/5033272). *[Mammalian Species](/source/Mammalian_Species)*. **46** (917): 110–115. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1644/917.1](https://doi.org/10.1644%2F917.1).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNAmazonweasel_114-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNAmazonweasel_114-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNAmazonweasel_114-2) Emmons, L.; Helgen, K. (2016). ["*Mustela africana*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14025/45200982). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T14025A45200982. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14025A45200982.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14025A45200982.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWAmazonweasel_115-0)** Bandner, Kerstin (2002). ["*Mustela kathiah*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustela_kathiah/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved January 22, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Americanminksize_116-0)** Heptner, V. G.; Sludskii, A. A. (2002). [*Mammals of the Soviet Union. Vol. II, part 1b, Carnivores (Mustelidae and Procyonidae)*](https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov212001gept). [Smithsonian Institution](/source/Smithsonian_Institution). pp. [1397](https://archive.org/details/mammalsofsov212001gept/page/1397)–1399. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-90-04-08876-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-08876-4).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNAmericanmink_117-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNAmericanmink_117-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNAmericanmink_117-2) Reid, F.; Schiaffini, M.; Schipper, J. (2016). ["*Neovison vison*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41661/45214988). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41661A45214988. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41661A45214988.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41661A45214988.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Colombianweaselsize_118-0)** Chaves, Héctor E. Ramírez; Patterson, Bruce D. (August 8, 2014). ["*Mustela felipei* (Carnivora: Mustelidae)"](https://doi.org/10.1644%2F906). *[Mammalian Species](/source/Mammalian_Species)*. **46** (906): 11–15. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1644/906](https://doi.org/10.1644%2F906).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNColombianweasel_119-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNColombianweasel_119-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNColombianweasel_119-2) González-Maya, J. F.; Emmons, L.; Helgen, K.; Arias-Alzate, AAA (2016). ["*Mustela felipei*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/14026/45201088). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T14026A45201088. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14026A45201088.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T14026A45201088.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWColombianweasel_120-0)** Wesner, Kirsten (2014). ["*Mustela felipei*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustela_felipei/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved January 22, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWLong-tailedweasel_121-0)** Newell, Toni Lynn (2002). ["*Mustela frenata*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustela_frenata/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved December 16, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNLong-tailedweasel_122-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNLong-tailedweasel_122-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNLong-tailedweasel_122-2) Helgen, K.; Reid, F. (2016). ["*Mustela frenata*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41654/45213820). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41654A45213820. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41654A45213820.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41654A45213820.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Seaminksize_123-0)** Seton, E. T. (1929). *Lives of Game Animals*. Vol. 2. [Doubleday, Doran](/source/Doubleday_(publisher)). p. 562. [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [872457192](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/872457192).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNSeamink_124-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNSeamink_124-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNSeamink_124-2) Helgen, K.; Turvey, S. T. (2016). ["*Neovison macrodon*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/40784/45204492). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T40784A45204492. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T40784A45204492.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T40784A45204492.en).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ADWAmericanbadger_125-0)** Shefferly, Nancy (1999). ["*Taxidea taxus*"](https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Taxidea_taxus/). *[Animal Diversity Web](/source/Animal_Diversity_Web)*. [University of Michigan](/source/University_of_Michigan). Retrieved December 16, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-IUCNAmericanbadger_126-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-IUCNAmericanbadger_126-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-IUCNAmericanbadger_126-2) Helgen, K.; Reid, F. (2016). ["*Taxidea taxus*"](https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/41663/45215410). *[IUCN Red List of Threatened Species](/source/IUCN_Red_List)*. **2016** e.T41663A45215410. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41663A45215410.en](https://doi.org/10.2305%2FIUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T41663A45215410.en).

v t e Lists of mammal species Mammals marine prehistoric recently extinct critically endangered endangered vulnerable near threatened least concern data deficient Marsupials Dasyuromorphs (quolls, dunnarts, and other Australian carnivores) Didelphimorphs (opossums) Peramelemorphs (bandicoots and bilbies) Diprotodonts (kangaroos and possums) Macropodiformes (kangaroos, wallabies, bettongs, and potoroos) Phalangeriformes (possums, gliders, and cuscus) Placental mammals Afrosoricids (golden moles, otter shrews, and tenrecs) Cingulates (armadillos) Macroscelids (elephant shrews) Perissodactyls (odd-toed ungulates) Pholidotans (pangolins) Pilosans (anteaters and sloths) Scandentians (treeshrews) Artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) Bovids (antelope, sheep, goats, and cattle) Cervids (deer) Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) Arctic extinct Suines (pigs and peccaries) Carnivorans (carnivores) Canids (wolves and foxes) Canis lupus subspecies Felids (cats) Herpestids (mongooses) Mephitids (skunks and stink badgers) Mustelids (badgers, martens, otters, and weasels) Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses) Fossil pinnipedimorphs (seals and stem-relatives) Procyonids (raccoons, coatis, and kinkajous) Ursids (bears) Ursus arctos subspecies Viverrids (civets and genets) Chiropterans (bats) recently extinct Emballonurids (sheath-tailed bats) Hipposiderids (Old World leaf-nosed bats) Miniopterids (bent-winged bats) Molossids (free-tailed bats) Mormoopids (mustached bats) Natalids (funnel-eared bats) Nycterids (slit-faced bats) Phyllostomids (leaf-nosed bats) Pteropodids (fruit bats) Rhinolophids (horseshoe bats) Vespertilionids (vesper bats) Kerivoulines (woolly bats) Murinines (tube-nosed bats) Myotines (mouse-eared bats) Vespertilionines (pipistrelles and serotines) Eulipotyphlans (moles and shrews) Erinaceids (hedgehogs and gymnures) Soricids (shrews) Crocidurines (white-toothed shrews) Myosoricines (African shrews) Soricines (red-toothed shrews) Talpids (moles and desmans) Lagomorphs (rabbits and pikas) Leporids (hares and rabbits) Ochotonids (pikas) Primates Cercopithecoids (Old World monkeys) Hominoids (apes) Lemuroids (lemurs) Lorisoids (lorises and galagos) Platyrrhines (New World monkeys) Tarsiiformes (tarsiers) Fossil primates Rodents extinct Bathyergids (mole-rats) Capromyids (hutias) Caviids (cavies and guinea pigs) Cricetids (lemmings, voles, and New World rats and mice) Arvicolines (lemmings and voles) Cricetines (hamsters) Neotomines (deer mice and pack rats) Sigmodontines (New World rats and mice) Ctenomyids (tuco-tucos) Dasyproctids (agoutis) Dipodids (jerboas) Echimyids (Neotropical spiny rats) Erethizontids (New World porcupines) Geomyids (gophers) Glirids (dormice) Heteromyids (kangaroo rats and pocket mice) Hystricids (Old World porcupines) Murids (mice, rats, and gerbils) Deomyines (spiny mice and brush-furred rats) Gerbillines (gerbils and jirds) Murines (Old World mice and rats) Nesomyids (climbing mice and tufted-tailed rats) Octodontids (degus and viscacha rats) Sciurids (squirrels, chipmunks, and marmots) Sminthids (birch mice) Spalacids (bamboo rats and blind mole-rats)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [List of mustelids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mustelids) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mustelids?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.