# List of language regulators

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Bodies that are official authorities on standard varieties of a language

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This is a list of bodies that consider themselves to be authorities on standard languages, often called **language academies**. Language academies are motivated by, or closely associated with, [linguistic purism](/source/Linguistic_purism) and [prestige](/source/Prestige_(sociolinguistics)), and typically publish [prescriptive](/source/Linguistic_prescription) [dictionaries](/source/Dictionaries),[1] which purport to officiate and prescribe the meaning of words and pronunciations. A language regulator may also have a more [descriptive approach](/source/Linguistic_description), however, while maintaining and promoting (but not imposing) a standard spelling. Many language academies are private institutions, although some are governmental bodies in different states, or enjoy some form of government-sanctioned status in one or more countries. There may also be multiple language academies attempting to regulate and [codify](/source/Codification_(linguistics)) the same language, sometimes based in different countries and sometimes influenced by political factors.

Many [world languages](/source/World_language) have one or more language academies or official language bodies. However, the degree of control that the academies exert over these languages does not render the latter [controlled natural languages](/source/Controlled_natural_language) in the sense that the various kinds of "[simple English](/source/Simple_English_(disambiguation))" (e.g., [Basic English](/source/Basic_English), [Simplified Technical English](/source/Simplified_Technical_English)) or [George Orwell](/source/George_Orwell)'s fictional [Newspeak](/source/Newspeak) are. They instead remain [natural languages](/source/Natural_language) to a considerable extent and are thus not [formal languages](/source/Formal_language) such as [Attempto Controlled English](/source/Attempto_Controlled_English). They have a degree of [standardization](/source/Standardization) that allows them to function as [standard languages](/source/Standard_language) (e.g., [standard French](/source/Standard_French)). The English language has never had a formal regulator in any country.

## Natural languages

Language Territory Regulator(s) Founded Amis Republic of China Council of Indigenous Peoples 1996 Afrikaans South Africa Namibia Die Taalkommissie (The Language Commission) 1909 Akan Ghana Akan Orthography Committee Albanian Albania Academy of Sciences of Albania 1972 Kosovo Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo 1975 Arabic Arab League Academy of the Arabic Language (مجمع اللغة العربية) Algeria Supreme Council of the Arabic language in Algeria (المجلس الأعلى للغة العربية بالجزائر‎) 1996 Egypt Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo (مجمع اللغة العربية بالقاهرة) 1932 Iraq Iraqi Academy of Sciences (المجمع العلمي العراقي) 1948 Jordan Jordan Academy of Arabic (مجمع اللغة العربية الأردني) 1924 Libya Academy of the Arabic Language in Jamahiriya Morocco Academy of the Arabic Language in Morocco 1960 Saudi Arabia King Salman Global Academy for Arabic Language (مجمع الملك سلمان العالمي للغة العربية) Somalia Academy of the Arabic Language in Mogadishu Sudan Academy of the Arabic Language in Khartum Syria Academy of the Arabic Language in Damascus (مجمع اللغة العربية بدمشق) 1918 Tunisia Beit Al-Hikma Foundation (مؤسسة بيت الحكمة) 1992 Israel Academy of the Arabic Language in Israel (مجمع اللغة العربية) 2007 Aragonese Aragon Instituto de l'Aragonés[2] (Previously: Academy of the Aragonese) 2013 Armenian Armenia Armenian National Academy of Sciences (Հայաստանի Հանրապետության գիտությունների ազգային ակադեմիա) 1943 Assamese India Asam Sahitya Sabha (Assamese: অসম সাহিত্য সভা) 1917 Asturian Asturias Academy of the Asturian Language (Academia de la Llingua Asturiana) 1980 Azerbaijani Azerbaijan Iran Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences (Azərbaycan Milli Elmlər Akademiyası) 1945 Aymara Bolivia Language and Culture Institute of the Aymara Nation (Instituto de Lengua y Cultura de la Nación Aymara - ILCNA) 2013[citation needed] Balochi Iran Pakistan Afghanistan Oman Balochi Academy Sarbaz (بلۏچی زبانءِ ربیدجاہ) 2017 Basque Basque Country Navarre French Basque Country Euskaltzaindia, often translated as Royal Academy of the Basque language 1918 Belarusian Belarus The Jakub Kolas Institute of Language (Інстытут мовазнаўства імя Якуба Коласа) at the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus 1929 Bengali (Bangla) Bangladesh Bangla Academy (বাংলা একাডেমি) 1955 India Paschimbanga Bangla Akademi (পশ্চিমবঙ্গ বাংলা আকাদেমি) 1986 Berber Morocco Royal Institute of Amazight Culture (ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ) 2001 Algeria High Commission for Amazighity (ⵙⵇⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⵏⵏⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⵣⵖⴰ) 1995 Algerian Academy of Amazigh Language 2017 Bhojpuri India Bhojpuri Academy, Bihar Maithili - Bhojpuri Academy, Delhi Bhojpuri Sahitya Academy, Madhya Pradesh Central Bikol Philippines Academia Bicolana defunct Bosnian Bosnia and Herzegovina Sandžak University of Sarajevo Breton Brittany Public Office for the Breton Language (Ofis Publik ar Brezhoneg) 2010 Bulgarian Bulgaria Institute for Bulgarian Language (Институт за български език) 1942 Burmese Myanmar Myanmar Language Commission (မြန်မာစာအဖွဲ့) 1963 Catalan Catalonia Institute for Catalan Studies (Institut d'Estudis Catalans) 1907 Valencian Community Valencian Language Academy (Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua) 2001 Cebuano Philippines Visayan Academy of Arts and Letters (Akademyang Bisaya) Cherokee Cherokee Nation Council of the Cherokee Nation (ᏣᎳᎩᎯ ᎠᏰᎵ)[3] Standard Chinese China State Language Work Committee (国家语言文字工作委员会) 1986[4] Republic of China Ministry of Education (教育部) Singapore Promote Mandarin Council (讲华语运动理事会, 推廣華語理事會) 1979 Malaysia Chinese Language Standardisation Council of Malaysia (马来西亚华语规范理事会, 馬來西亞華語規範理事會) Cornish Cornwall Cornish Language Academy (Akademi Kernewek) 2015 Cornish Language Office (Sodhva an Yeth Kernewek) Croatian Croatia Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistics (Institut za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje) 1948 Bosnia and Herzegovina Czech Czech Republic Institute of the Czech Language (Ústav pro jazyk český) 1946 Danish Denmark Danish Language Council (Dansk Sprognævn) 1955 Dalecarlian Dalarna County Ulum Dalska 1984 Divehi Maldives Dhivehi Academy (ދިވެހި އެކެޑަމީ) 2011 Dutch Netherlands Belgium Suriname Dutch Language Union (Nederlandse Taalunie) 1980 Dzongkha Bhutan Dzongkha Development Commission (རྫོང་ཁ་གོང་འཕེལ་ལྷན་ཚོགས) 1968 Estonian Estonia Institute of the Estonian Language (Eesti Keele Instituut) 1993 Faroese Faroe Islands Faroese Language Board (Málráðið) 1985 Filipino Philippines Commission on the Filipino Language (Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino) 1937 Finnish Finland Institute for the Languages of Finland (Kotimaisten kielten keskus) 1976 French France French Academy (Académie française) 1635 General Delegation for the French language and the languages of France (Délégation générale à la langue française et aux langues de France) 1989 Belgium Royal Academy of French Language and Literature of Belgium (Académie royale de langue et de littérature françaises de Belgique)[citation needed] 1920 Quebec Québec Office of the French Language (Office québécois de la langue française) 1961 Friulian Friuli-Venezia Giulia Regional Agency for Friulian Language (Agjenzie Regjonâl pe Lenghe Furlane)[5] 2001 Galician Galicia Royal Galician Academy (Real Academia Galega) 1906 Galician Language Association (Associaçom Galega da Língua) 1981 Georgian Georgia Government of Georgia (საქართველოს მთავრობა) German Germany Austria Switzerland South Tyrol Belgium Alsace Liechtenstein Luxembourg Namibia Syddanmark Opole Voivodeship Silesian Voivodeship Council for German Orthography (Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung) 2004 Greenlandic Greenland The Greenland Language Secretariat (Oqaasileriffik) 1998[6] Greek Greece Cyprus Center for the Greek Language (Κέντρο Ελληνικής Γλώσσας) [7] Guarani Paraguay Guarani Language Academy (Guarani Ñe’ẽ Rerekuapavẽ) 2013 Gujarati India Gujarat Sahitya Akademi (ગુજરાત સાહિત્ય અકાદમી) 1981 Hakka Republic of China Hakka Affairs Council (客家委員會) 2001 Haitian Creole Haiti Haitian Creole Academy (Akademi Kreyòl Ayisyen) 2014 Hebrew Israel Academy of the Hebrew Language (האקדמיה ללשון העברית) 1890 Hindi India Central Hindi Directorate (केन्द्रीय हिन्दी निदेशालय) 1960 Hmar India Hmar Literature Society[citation needed] Hungarian Hungary Slovakia Romania Serbia Austria Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics (Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont) 1949 Icelandic Iceland Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies (Stofnun Árna Magnússonar í íslenskum fræðum) 1962 Igbo Nigeria Society for Promoting Igbo Language and Culture 1949 Indonesian Indonesia Agency for Language Development and Cultivation (Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa) 1947 Inuktitut Canada Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ) 1971 Irish Ireland Northern Ireland Irish Institute (Foras na Gaeilge) 1999 Italian Italy San Marino Switzerland Vatican City Monaco Corsica Istria County Eritrea Libya Accademia della Crusca (Academy of the Bran) 1583 Japanese Japan No official centralized regulation, but de facto regulations by Agency for Cultural Affairs (文化庁) at the Ministry of Education of Japan (文部科学省)[8] 1934 (predecessor),[9] 2000 (current) Kabiye Togo Kabiye Academy (Académie kabiyè) 1975[10] Kannada Karnataka Various academies and Government of Karnataka Kashubian Poland The Kashubian Language Council (Radzëzna Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka) 2006 Kazakh Kazakhstan Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Қазақстан Республикасының Ғылым және жоғары білім министрлігі) 2022 Khmer Cambodia Royal Academy of Cambodia (រាជបណ្ឌិត្យសភាកម្ពុជា) 1965 Korean South Korea National Institute of the Korean Language (국립국어원/國立國語院) 1991 North Korea The Language Research Institute, Academy of Social Science (사회과학원 어학연구소) China China Korean Language Regulatory Commission (중국조선어규범위원회/中国朝鲜语规范委员会) Kven Norway Kainun institutti – kvensk institutt 2007 Kurdish Kurdistan Kurdish Academy (ئەکادیمیای کوردی) 1971 Kyrgyz Kyrgyzstan National Committee for State Language under the President of the Kyrgyz Republic (Кыргыз Республикасынын Президентине караштуу Мамлекеттик тил боюнча улуттук комиссия) 2009[11] Ladin Italy Istitut Ladin Micurá de Rü[12] 1976[13] Lao Laos Educational Science Research Institute, Ministry of Education and Sports (ສະຖາບັນຄົ້ນຄວ້າວິທະຍາສາດການສືກສາ ກະຊວງສຶກສາທິການ ແລະ ກີລາ) Institute of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, National University of Laos (ສະຖາບັນວິທະຍາສາດສັງຄົມ ຄະນະອັກສອນສາດ ມະຫາວິທະຍາໄລແຫ່ງຊາດລາວ) Latin Holy See Pontifical Academy for Latin (Pontificia Academia Latinitatis)[14] 2012 International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (of the International Association for Plant Taxonomy: botanical Latin) 1867 International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature: zoological Latin) 1905 Latvian Latvia Latvian State Language Center (Valsts Valodas Centrs) 1992 Lithuanian Lithuania Commission of the Lithuanian Language (Valstybinė lietuvių kalbos komisija) 1990 Lusoga Uganda Lusoga Language Authority Luxembourgish Luxembourg Council for the Luxembourgish Language (Conseil fir d'Lëtzebuerger Sprooch) 1998 Centre for the Luxembourgish Language (Zenter fir d'Lëtzebuerger Sprooch) 2018 Macedonian North Macedonia Linguistics and Literary Science Department at the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts 1967 Malagasy Madagascar Malagasy Academy (Akademia Malagasy) 1902 Malay Malaysia Institute of Language and Literature (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka) 1956 Brunei Language and Literature Bureau (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka) 1960 Singapore Malay Language Council, Singapore (Majlis Bahasa Melayu Singapura) Malayalam India Kerala Sahitya Akademi (കേരള സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി) 1956 Maltese Malta National Council for the Maltese Language (Il-Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ilsien Malti) 2005 Manx Isle of Man Manx Language Advisory Council (Coonceil ny Gaelgey) 1985 Māori New Zealand Māori Language Commission (Te Taura Whiri i te Reo Māori) 1987 Marathi India Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad (महाराष्ट्र साहित्य परिषद) 1906 Meitei (officially called Manipuri) India Directorate of Language Planning and Implementation (ꯗꯥꯏꯔꯦꯛꯇꯣꯔꯦꯠ ꯑꯣꯐ ꯂꯦꯡꯒ꯭ꯋꯦꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯥꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯦꯟ꯭ꯗ ꯏꯝꯄ꯭ꯂꯤꯃꯦꯟꯇꯦꯁꯟ) 2013 Manipuri Sahitya Parishad (ꯃꯅꯤꯄꯨꯔꯤ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯇ꯭ꯌ ꯄꯔꯤꯁꯗ) 1935 Mirandese Portugal Institute of the Mirandese Language (Anstituto de la Lhéngua Mirandesa) 2000 Mixtec Mexico Academy of the Mixtec Language (Ve'e Tu'un Sávi) 1997 Khalkha Mongolian Mongolia Council of the official state language (Төрийн хэлний зөвлөл). Decisions have to be confirmed by the Mongolian government.[15] Chakhar Mongolian China Council for Language and Literature Work Nepali Nepal Nepal Academy (नेपाल प्रज्ञा–प्रतिष्ठान) 1957 Northern Frisian North Frisia Northern Frisian Institute (Nordfriisk Instituut) 1964 Norwegian (Riksmål/Bokmål) Norway Norwegian Academy (Det Norske Akademi for Språk og Litteratur) 1953 Norwegian Bokmål Norwegian Nynorsk Norwegian Language Council (Språkrådet) 2005 Occitan Occitania France Spain Monaco Italy Occitan Language Council (Conselh de la Lenga Occitana),[16] Permanent Congress of the Occitan Language (Congrès Permanent de la Lenga Occitana)[17] Institute of Aranese Studies (Institut d'Estudis Aranesi) (Aranese)[18] 1996 Odia India Odisha Sahitya Akademi (ଓଡ଼ିଶା ସାହିତ୍ୟ ଏକାଡେମୀ) 1957 Pashto Afghanistan Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan (د علومو اکاډمي نښه) 1978 Pakistan Pashto Academy (پښتو اکېډمي) 1955 Persian Iran Academy of Persian Language and Literature (فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی) 1935 Afghanistan Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan (آکادمی علوم افغانستان) 1978 Paiwan Republic of China Council of Indigenous Peoples 1996 Polish Poland Polish Language Council (Rada Języka Polskiego) 1996 Portuguese Portugal Lisbon Academy of Sciences (Academia das Ciências de Lisboa) 1779 Brazil Brazilian Academy of Letters (Academia Brasileira de Letras) 1897 Galicia Galician Language Association (Associaçom Galega da Língua) 1981 Quechua Ecuador Academy of the Kichwa Language (Kichwa Amawta Kamachik/ Academia de la Lengua Kichwa, 'KAMAK')[19] 2003[19] Peru Peruvian Ministries of Education and of Culture (as part of their functions) Department of Cuzco High Academy of the Quechua Language (Qheswa Simi Hamut'ana Kuraq Suntur/ Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua) 1953[20] Department of Cajamarca Cajamarca Regional Academy of the Quechua Language (Academia Regional del Idioma Quechua de Cajamarca - ARIQ)[21][22] 1986[22] Department of Ancash Ancash Regional Academy of Quechua (Academia Regional de Quechua de Ancash - ARQA) Bolivia Language and Culture Institute of the Quechua Nation (Instituto de Lengua y Cultura de la Nación Quechua - ILCNQ) 2013[23] Department of Cochabamba Cochabamba Regional Academy of the Quechua Language (Academia Regional de la Lengua Quechua de Cochabamba) Rohingya Arakan (Rakhine State) Rohingya Language Academy (𐴌𐴟𐴇𐴥𐴝𐴚𐴒𐴙𐴝 𐴎𐴟𐴁𐴝𐴕 𐴀𐴠𐴑𐴝𐴋𐴠𐴔𐴞) Romanian Romania Romanian Academy (Academia Română) 1866 Moldova Academy of Sciences of Moldova (Academia de Științe a Moldovei) 1961 Romansh Switzerland Lia Rumantscha 1919 Russian Russia Belarus Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Russian Language Institute (Институт русского языка) 1944 Scots Scotland Scots Language Centre (Centre for the Scots Leid) 1993 Northern Ireland Ireland Ulster-Scots Agency (Tha Boord o Ulstèr-Scotch) 1999 Scottish Gaelic Scotland The Gaelic Board (Bòrd na Gàidhlig) 2006 Secwepemctsín Canada Secwepemc Cultural Education Society 1983 Serbian and Montenegrin Serbia Montenegro Srpska Board for Standardization of the Serbian Language (Одбор за стандардизацију српског језика) 1997 Sicilian Sicily Cademia Siciliana[24] 2016 Sindhi Pakistan Sindhi Language Authority (سنڌي ٻولي جو با اختيار ادارو) 1992 Sinhala Sri Lanka Hela Havula (හෙළ හවුල) 1941 Slovak Slovakia Slovak Academy of Sciences (Slovenská akadémia vied) 1942 Slovene Slovenia Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (Slovenska akademija znanosti in umetnosti) 1938 Somali Djibouti Ethiopia Somalia Regional Somali Language Academy (Akademiye Goboleedka Af Soomaaliga) 2013 Sorbian Germany Czech Republic Poland Sorbian Institute (Serbski institut) 1951 Spanish Spain Colombia Ecuador Mexico El Salvador Venezuela Chile Peru Guatemala Costa Rica Philippines Panama Cuba Paraguay Bolivia Dominican Republic Nicaragua Argentina Uruguay Honduras Puerto Rico United States Equatorial Guinea Israel Association of Spanish Language Academies (Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española) 1951 Swahili Tanzania National Swahili Council (Baraza la Kiswahili la Taifa) 1967 Kenya National Kiswahili Association (Chama cha Kiswahili cha Taifa) 1998 Swedish Sweden Language Council of Sweden (Språkrådet) 1941 Swedish Academy (Svenska Akademien) 1786 Finland Institute for the Languages of Finland (Institutet för de inhemska språken) Tajik Tajikistan Uzbekistan Rudaki Institute of Language and Literature (Институти забон ва адабиёт ба номи А. Рӯдакии) 1932 Tamil India Department of Tamil Development and Information, Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் வளர்ச்சி மற்றும் தகவல் துறை, தமிழ் நாடு) 1831 International Institute of Tamil Studies (உலகத் தமிழாராய்ச்சி நிறுவனம்) 1970 Tamil University (தமிழ்ப் பல்கலைக்கழகம்) 1981 Central Institute of Classical Tamil (செம்மொழித் தமிழாய்வு மத்திய நிறுவனம்) 2008 World Tamil Sangam (உலகத் தமிழ்ச் சங்கம்) 2016 Sri Lanka Department of Official Languages (அதிகாரப்பூர்வ மொழிகள் துறை) 1931 Singapore Tamil Language Council (வளர்தமிழ் இயக்கம்) 2000 Malaysia Malaysian Tamil Language Standardisation Council (மலேசியத் தமிழ் மொழியின் காப்பகம்) 2019 Canada Federation of Tamil Sangams of North America 1987 United States Tatar Tatarstan Tatarstan Academy of Sciences (Татарстан Республикасы Фәннәр академиясе) 1804 Telugu India Telugu Academy, Official Language Commission of Government of Andhra Pradesh, and Centre of Excellence for Studies in Classical Telugu Tetum East Timor National Institute of Linguistics at the National University of East Timor Thai Thailand Royal Society of Thailand (ราชบัณฑิตยสภา) 1926 Tibetan Tibet Autonomous Region Committee for Tibetan Language Affairs [1] India Committee for the Standardisation of the Tibetan Language Tulu India Karnataka Tulu Sahitya Academy Turkish Turkey Cyprus Northern Cyprus Turkish Language Association (Türk Dil Kurumu) 1932 Ukrainian Ukraine NASU Institute of Ukrainian Language (Інститут української мови) 1991 Urdu Pakistan National Language Promotion Department (اِدارۀ فروغِ قومی زُبان) India National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language (قومی کونسل برائے فروغ اردو زبان) Urhobo Nigeria Urhobo Studies Association Vietnamese Vietnam Institute of Linguistics of Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences Võro Estonia Võro Institute (Võro Instituut) Waray Philippines Sanghiran san Binisaya ha Samar ug Leyte (Academy of the Visayan Language of Samar and Leyte) defunct Welsh Wales Welsh Language Commissioner (Comisiynydd y Gymraeg) 2012 West Frisian Friesland Frisian Academy (Fryske Akademy) 1938 Wolof Senegal Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar (Center of Applied Linguistics of Dakar at the Cheikh Anta Diop University) Yiddish United States Belarus Israel Netherlands Poland Romania Russia Sweden Ukraine YIVO Institute for Jewish Research[25] (ייִוואָ) 1925 Yoruba Nigeria Yoruba Academy 2007

## Constructed languages

Apart from the [Akademio de Esperanto](/source/Akademio_de_Esperanto), most [constructed languages](/source/Constructed_language) (also called *conlangs*) have no true linguistic regulators or language academies.[26]

### Auxiliary languages

See also: [International auxiliary languages](/source/International_auxiliary_languages)

Language Regulator(s) Esperanto Akademio de Esperanto Ido Uniono por la Linguo Internaciona Ido Lingua Franca Nova Asosia per Lingua Franca Nova [wd] Volapük Kadäm Volapüka

#### Esperanto

[Esperanto](/source/Esperanto) and [Ido](/source/Ido_(language)) have been *constructed* (or planned) by a person or small group, before being adopted and further developed by communities of users through [natural language evolution](/source/Evolutionary_linguistics).

Bodies such as the [Akademio de Esperanto](/source/Akademio_de_Esperanto) look at questions of usage in the light of the original goals and principles of the language.

#### Interlingua

[Interlingua](/source/Interlingua) has no regulating body, as its vocabulary, grammar, and orthography are viewed as a product of ongoing social forces. In theory, Interlingua therefore evolves independent from any human regulator. Interlingua's vocabulary is [verified and recorded](/source/Interlingua_and_eligibility_of_international_words) by dynamically applying certain general principles to an existing set of natural languages and their etymologies. The [International Auxiliary Language Association](/source/International_Auxiliary_Language_Association) ceased to exist in 1954, and according to the secretary of [Union Mundial de Interlingua](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Union_Mundial_de_Interlingua&action=edit&redlink=1) "Interlingua doesn't need its Academy".[26]

### Other constructed languages

Language Creator(s) Regulator(s) Klingon Marc Okrand Lojban Logical Language Group Naʼvi Paul Frommer Talossan Robert Ben Madison Comità per l'Útzil del Glheþ Sindarin J. R. R. Tolkien Elvish Linguistic Fellowship Quenya

## Other bodies

These bodies do not attempt to regulate any language in a prescriptive manner and are primarily concerned with aiding and advising the government on policies regarding language usage.

- [Hong Kong](/source/Hong_Kong): [Official Language Division Civil Service Bureau Government of Hong Kong](http://www.csb.gov.hk/english/aboutus/org/scsd/1470.html) – concerned with matters concerning government language policy

- [Macau](/source/Macau): [Departamento dos Assuntos Linguísticos of the Public Administration and Civil Service Bureau of the Government of Macau](http://www.safp.gov.mo/safppt/index.htm) –concerned with matters concerning government language policy

## See also

- [Proposals for an English Academy](/source/Proposals_for_an_English_Academy)

- [Language policy](/source/Language_policy)

- [Language revival](/source/Language_revival)

- [Language planning](/source/Language_planning)

- [Linguistic purism](/source/Linguistic_purism)

- [Languages in censuses](/source/Languages_in_censuses)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Thomas, George (1991) [*Linguistic purism*](https://books.google.com/books?id=G18NAQAAMAAJ) p.108, quotation: Whereas a number of the puristically motivated language societies have assumed *de facto* responsibility for language cultivation, the decisions of the academies have often had the force of law. ... Since academies are so closely associated with the notion of purism, a brief word on their history may not be out of place. The first academy to deal expressly and exclusively with language matters was the *Accademia della Crusca* ... Its orientation was essentially conservative, favouring a return to the Tuscan language as cultivated in the fourteenth century over the innovations of contemporary renaissance poets such as Torquato Tasso. ... One of its first tasks -- as with so many academies to follow -- was to produce a large-scale prescriptive dictionary of Italian

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Instituto de l'Aragonés"](https://www.academiaaragonesadelalengua.org/instituto-aragones). *Academia Aragonesa de la Lengua* (in Spanish). Retrieved 30 September 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Council of the Cherokee Nation](https://cherokee.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=266941&GUID=C8EC5F0A-E523-49A0-92BD-42041FCE32EAl)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Spolsky, Bernard (8 June 2014). ["Language management in the People's Republic of China"](https://www.linguisticsociety.org/sites/default/files/02e_90.4Spolsky.pdf) (PDF). {{[cite journal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal)}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ([help](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Agenzia Regionale per la Lingua Friulana"](https://arlef.it/it/). *ARLeF* (in Italian). Retrieved 30 September 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Organization – Language Secretariat"](https://oqaasileriffik.gl/en/organization/). Retrieved 11 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Κέντρο Ελληνικής Γλώσσας – Εκδόσεις – Κέντρο Ελληνικής Γλώσσας"](https://greeklanguage.gr/). *Centre for the Greek Language* (in Greek). Retrieved 26 October 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["文化審議会について"](https://www.bunka.go.jp/seisaku/bunkashingikai/about/index.html) [About Council for Cultural Affairs]. *Agency for Cultural Affairs* (in Japanese). Retrieved 25 July 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["官制に基づく国語審議会"](https://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/singikai/kansei/index.html) [About National Language Council by the Former Constitutional Government]. *Agency for Cultural Affairs* (in Japanese). Retrieved 25 July 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Naissance et évolution de l'Académie Kabiyè"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200922201347/https://academiekabiye.org/naissance-et-evolution-de-lacademie-kabiye/). *Académie Kabiyè | Kabiye Akademii* (in French). Archived from [the original](https://academiekabiye.org/naissance-et-evolution-de-lacademie-kabiye/) on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 11 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["The State Language | Kyrgyzaeronavigatsia"](http://kan.kg/en/about/state_language). *kan.kg*. Retrieved 11 October 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["I compiti spettanti all'Istituto sono i seguenti:"](https://www.micura.it/it/istitut-ladin/ziele-2) (in Italian). Retrieved 12 April 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Fondaziun dl'Istitut Ladin Micurá de Rü"](https://www.micura.it/la/istitut/fondaziun) (in Ladin). Retrieved 12 April 2026.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Pontificia Academia Latinitatis"](https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/latinitatis/index.htm) (in Latin). Vatican.va. 10 November 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["Хуулийн нэгдсэн портал сайт"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150914161424/http://legalinfo.mn/law/details/486). *Legalinfo.mn* (in Mongolian). Archived from [the original](http://legalinfo.mn/law/details/486) on 14 September 2015. Retrieved 19 December 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["CLO"](https://clo-occitan.com). Retrieved 6 September 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["Lo Congrès"](http://www.locongres.org). *locongres.org*. Retrieved 25 October 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["Reconeishença der Institut d'Estudis Aranesi coma academia e autoritat lingüistica der occitan, aranés en Aran - Conselh Generau d'Aran"](http://www.conselharan.org/reconeishenca-der-institut-destudis-aranesi-coma-academia-e-autoritat-linguistica-der-occitan-aranes-en-aran/). *conselharan.org*.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:1_19-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:1_19-1) Potosí C., Fabián (2013). "Bosquejo Histórico y Lingüístico Qichwa". [*Kichwa yachakukkunapa shimiyuk kamu : Runa shimi - mishu shimi, mishu shimi - runa shimi*](https://educacion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2013/03/RK_diccionario_kichwa_castellano.pdf) (PDF). Quito: Ministerio de Educación, DINEIB. pp. 7–17.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Durston, Alan (2019). *Escritura en quechua y sociedad serrana en transformación: Perú, 1920-1960*. Travaux de l'Institut français d'études andines (Primera edición ed.). Lima: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos : Instituto de Estudios Peruanos. pp. 68–69. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-612-4358-03-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-612-4358-03-6).{{[cite book](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_book)}}: CS1 maint: publisher location ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_publisher_location))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["Runasimipi Llaqta Takikuna (Willka Takiy)"](https://www.runasimi.de/llaqtaki.htm#cajamarca). *www.runasimi.de*. Retrieved 6 April 2024.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:2_22-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:2_22-1) ["Cajamarca: XXXVI Aniversario de la Academia Regional del Idioma Quechua de Cajamarca"](https://agenciaperu.net/index.php/peru/115-regiones/388-cajamarca-xxxvi-aniversario-de-la-academia-regional-del-idioma-quechua-de-cajamarca). *agenciaperu.net*. Retrieved 6 April 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** ["Inauguran Instituto de Lengua y Cultura de la Nación Quechua"](https://web.archive.org/web/20181104005250/https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/cultura/20130809/inauguran-instituto-lengua-cultura-nacion-quechua). *Los Tiempos* (in Spanish). 9 August 2013. Archived from [the original](https://www.lostiempos.com/actualidad/cultura/20130809/inauguran-instituto-lengua-cultura-nacion-quechua) on 4 November 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Standardizzazione Ortografica"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180116095451/https://cademiasiciliana.org/standardizzazione-ortografica/). Archived from [the original](https://cademiasiciliana.org/standardizzazione-ortografica/) on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 4 April 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["YIVO Institute"](http://www.yivoinstitute.org). Retrieved 25 October 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_26-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_26-1) Johan Derks, Prilingvaj institutoj de 18 naciaj lingvoj ([Language Institutes of eighteen states](https://www.academia.edu/s/7d5e7b91ca/language-institutes-of-eighteen-states#comment_115944)), Interlingvistikaj Studoj, UAM, 2014/17, Esperanta Interlingvistiko 1

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [List of language regulators](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_language_regulators) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_language_regulators?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.