# List of island countries

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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/List_of_island_countries.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_island_countries
> Source revision: 1354512362
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Map depicts [sovereign states](/source/Sovereign_state) and a de facto state ([Taiwan](/source/Taiwan)) (tw) fully located on islands: those with land borders shaded green, and those without shaded dark blue.

Countries/territories not shown on the map: [Antarctica](/source/Antarctica) (aq) ([continental](/source/Continent) [disputed territory](/source/Condominium_(international_law))), [Australia](/source/Australia) (au) ([continental](/source/Continent) country), the [Cook Islands](/source/Cook_Islands) (ck) and [Niue](/source/Niue) (nu) ([free association](/source/Associated_state) with [New Zealand](/source/New_Zealand)), [Greenland](/source/Greenland) (gl) and the [Faroe Islands](/source/Faroe_Islands) (fo) ([constituent countries](/source/Countries_of_the_Kingdom_of_Denmark) of the [Kingdom of Denmark](/source/Danish_Realm)), [Northern Cyprus](/source/Northern_Cyprus) (ct.tr and nc.tr) (unrecognized country), and [Puerto Rico](/source/Puerto_Rico) (pr) ([unincorporated U.S. territory](/source/Territories_of_the_United_States)).

An [island](/source/Island) is a [landmass](/source/Landmass) (smaller than a [continent](/source/Continent)) that is surrounded by water.[1] Many [island countries](/source/Island_country) are spread over an [archipelago](/source/Archipelago), as is the case with [Indonesia](/source/Indonesia), [Japan](/source/Japan), and the [Philippines](/source/Philippines)—these countries consist of thousands of islands. Others consist of a single island, such as [Barbados](/source/Barbados), [Dominica](/source/Dominica), and [Nauru](/source/Nauru); a main island and some smaller islands, such as [Cuba](/source/Cuba), [Iceland](/source/Iceland), and [Sri Lanka](/source/Sri_Lanka); a part of an island, such as [Brunei](/source/Brunei), the [Dominican Republic](/source/Dominican_Republic), [Timor-Leste](/source/Timor-Leste), and the [Republic of Ireland](/source/Republic_of_Ireland); or one main island but also sharing borders in other islands, such as the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom) ([Great Britain](/source/Great_Britain) and a part of [Ireland](/source/Ireland)).

The list also includes two [states in free association](/source/Political_status_of_the_Cook_Islands_and_Niue) with [New Zealand](/source/New_Zealand), the [Cook Islands](/source/Cook_Islands) and [Niue](/source/Niue), as well as two [states with limited diplomatic recognition](/source/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition) which have *de facto* control over territories entirely on the islands, [Northern Cyprus](/source/Northern_Cyprus) and [Taiwan](/source/Taiwan).[2] In total, 50 island countries have been included in the lists.

[Australia](/source/Australia) is not included as it is considered a [continental country](/source/Australia_(continent)), although it was historically referred to as an island country because of its lack of [land borders](/source/List_of_countries_and_territories_by_number_of_land_borders).[3] [Greenland](/source/Greenland) is generally considered as the largest island on Earth and listed among the island territories. [Puerto Rico](/source/Puerto_Rico) in the [Caribbean Sea](/source/Caribbean_Sea) is officially an [unincorporated territory](/source/Territories_of_the_United_States) of the [United States](/source/United_States). Neither Greenland nor Puerto Rico are sovereign countries.

[Indonesia](/source/Indonesia) is the world's largest island country by area (1,904,569 km2), and by total number of islands (17,504 islands).[4] It is also the world's most populous island country, with a population of over 270 million (the fourth most populous country in the world, after [India](/source/India), [China](/source/China), and the [United States](/source/United_States)).

[South America](/source/South_America) has only one independent sovereign island nation with [Trinidad and Tobago](/source/Trinidad_and_Tobago); though considered a [Caribbean](/source/Caribbean) island country, it is located on the northern portion of the South American [continental shelf](/source/Continental_shelf) just 11 kilometres (6 nautical miles) off [Venezuela](/source/Venezuela), but 130 kilometres (70 nautical miles) from [Grenada](/source/Grenada), the nearest of the [Antilles](/source/Antilles).[n 1][5]

## Sovereign states

### UN member states and states with limited recognition

Name ISO code Geographic configuration Geologic location Area[6] Population[7] Population density Geographical location Establishment/ Independence km2 sq mi per km2 per sq mi UN member states Antigua and Barbuda AG ATG Two main islands: Antigua Island Barbuda Island Oceanic 442 171 97,120 220 570 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1981 November 1 Ba­ha­mas BS BHS Archipelago Various 13,939 5,382 389,480 28 73 Atlantic Ocean, Lucayan Archipelago 1973 July 10 Bahrain BH BHR Archipelago with one main island Continental shelf 778 300 1,641,170 2,109 5,460 Persian Gulf 1971 December 10 Bar­ba­dos BB BRB One main island Oceanic 430 170 287,020 667 1,730 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1966 November 30 Brunei BN BRN Part of a larger island (Borneo) Continental shelf 5,765 2,226 433,290 75 190 Maritime Southeast Asia 1984 January 1 Cape Verde CV CPV Archipelago Oceanic 4,033 1,557 549,930 136 350 Atlantic Ocean, Macaronesia 1975 July 5 Com­oros KM COM Archipelago Oceanic 1,861 719 850,890 457 1,180 Indian Ocean, Africa, Comoros Islands 1975 July 6 Cuba CU CUB One main island, and several smaller islands (Isla de la Juventud, etc.) Various 109,884 42,426 11,346,346 103 270 Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles 1868 October 10 1902 May 20 Cyp­rus[n 2] CY CYP Part of a larger island Continental shelf 9,251 3,572 888,005 96 250 Mediterranean Sea 1960 August 16 Do­mini­ca DM DMA One main island Oceanic 754 291 71,810 95 250 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1978 November 3 Do­mini­can Republic DO DOM Part of a larger island (Hispaniola), and several smaller islands (Alto Velo, Catalina, Saona, Beata, etc.) Oceanic 48,671 18,792 10,738,960 221 570 Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles 1821 December 1 1844 February 27 Timor-Leste TL TLS Part of a larger island (Timor) Oceanic 14,919 5,760 1,293,120 87 230 Maritime Southeast Asia, Lesser Sunda Islands 2002 May 20 Fiji FJ FJI Archipelago with two main islands: Viti Levu Vanua Levu Oceanic 18,274 7,056 889,950 49 130 Pacific Ocean, Melanesia 1970 October 10 Gre­na­da GD GRD One main island with two island dependencies (Carriacou and Petite Martinique) Oceanic 344 133 112,000 326 840 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1974 February 7 Haiti HT HTI Part of a larger island (Hispaniola), and several smaller islands (Gonâve, Tortuga, Les Cayemites, etc.) Oceanic 27,750 10,710 11,743,017 423 1,100 Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles 1804 January 1 Iceland IS ISL One main island Various[n 3] 102,775 39,682 361,310 4 10 Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Circle 1918 December 1 1944 June 17 In­do­nesia ID IDN Archipelago, including parts of larger islands (Borneo, New Guinea, Sebatik, and Timor) Various[n 4] 1,904,569 735,358 270,625,570 142 370 Maritime Southeast Asia, Indian and Pacific oceans 1945 August 17 Ireland IE IRL Part of a larger island (Ireland), and several smaller islands Continental shelf 70,273 27,133 4,977,400 71 180 Atlantic Ocean, British Isles 1922 December 6 Jamaica JM JAM One main island with an archipelago of islets (inc. Morant Cays, Pedro Cays, and Port Royal Cays) Various 10,991 4,244 2,734,092 249 640 Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles 1962 August 6 Japan JP JPN Four main islands and thousands of surrounding islands Continental shelf 377,976 145,937[8] 126,264,930 334 870 Pacific Ocean, East Asia 660 BC February 11[n 5] Kiribati KI KIR Several separated archipelagos Oceanic 811 313 117,610 145 380 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia 1979 July 12 Mada­gas­car MG MDG One main island Continental shelf[n 6] 587,041 226,658 26,969,310 46 120 Indian Ocean, Africa 1960 June 26 Mal­dives MV MDV Archipelago Oceanic 298 115 383,976 1,289 3,340 Indian Ocean, Laccadive Sea 1965 July 26 Malta MT MLT Two main islands (Malta Island and Gozo) plus other smaller islands Continental shelf 316 122 502,650 1,591 4,120 Mediterranean Sea 1964 September 21 Marshall Islands[n 7] MH MHL Two archipelagos Oceanic 181 70 58,790 325 840 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia 1979 May 1 Mau­ri­tius MU MUS Archipelago with one main island Oceanic 2,040 790 1,265,710 620 1,600 Indian Ocean, Africa, Mascarene Islands 1968 March 12 Mi­crone­sia[n 7] FM FSM Archipelago Oceanic 702 271 113,810 162 420 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia 1979 May 10 Nauru NR NRU One main island Oceanic 21 8.1 12,580 599 1,550 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia 1968 January 31 New Zealand NZ NZL An archipelago around two main islands: Te Ika-a-Māui (the North Island) Te Waipounamu (the South Island) Continental shelf[n 8] 270,467 104,428 5,125,451 19 49 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia 1907 September 26 Pa­lau[n 7] PW PLW Archipelago Oceanic 459 177 18,010 39 100 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia 1981 January 1 Papua New Guinea PG PNG Part of a larger island (New Guinea), and surrounding archipelago Continental shelf 462,840 178,700 8,776,110 19 49 Pacific Ocean, Melanesia 1975 September 16 Philip­pines PH PHL Archipelago Various 300,000 120,000 108,116,620 360 930 Maritime Southeast Asia 1898 June 12 1946 July 4 Saint Kitts and Nevis KN KNA Two main islands: Saint Christopher Island Nevis Island Oceanic 261 101 52,830 202 520 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1983 September 19 Saint Lucia LC LCA One main island Oceanic 616 238 182,790 297 770 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1979 February 22 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines VC VCT An archipelago with one main island Oceanic 389 150 110,590 284 740 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1979 October 27 Samoa WS WSM Archipelago Oceanic 2,842 1,097 197,100 69 180 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia 1962 January 1 São Tomé and Príncipe ST STP Two main islands: São Tomé Island Príncipe Island) Oceanic 1,001 386 215,060 215 560 Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Guinea, Africa 1975 July 12 Sey­chelles SC SYC Archipelago Various[n 9] 455 176 97,630 215 560 Indian Ocean, Africa 1976 June 29 Sin­ga­pore SG SGP An archipelago with one main island Continental shelf 728 281 5,703,570 7,831 20,280 Maritime Southeast Asia 1965 August 9 Sol­omon Islands SB SLB Archipelago Oceanic 28,400 11,000 669,820 24 62 Pacific Ocean, Melanesia 1978 July 7 Sri Lanka LK LKA One main island, plus other small islands Continental shelf 65,610 25,330 21,803,000 332 860 Indian Ocean, South Asia 1948 February 4 Tonga TO TON Archipelago Oceanic 748 289 104,490 140 360 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia 1970 June 4 Trinidad and Tobago TT TTO An archipelago with two main islands: Trinidad Island Tobago Island Various 5,131 1,981 1,394,970 272 700 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles 1962 August 31 Tuvalu TV TUV Archipelago Oceanic 26 10 11,650 448 1,160 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia 1978 October 1 United Kingdom[n 10][9] GB or UK GBR One main island, part of second island (Ireland), plus several archipelagos Continental shelf 244,820 94,530 67,886,004 277 720 Atlantic Ocean, British Isles 1707 May 1 Vanuatu VU VUT Archipelago Oceanic 12,189 4,706 299,880 25 65 Pacific Ocean, Melanesia 1980 July 30 States with limited recognition North­ern Cyprus[n 11] CY CYP Part of a larger island (Cyprus) Continental shelf 3,355 1,295 313,626[10] 93 240 Mediterranean Sea 1974 July 20 (unlawful usurpation of Cypriot rule by Turkish minority) Tai­wan[n 12] TW TWN One main island and several smaller islands Continental shelf 36,193 13,974 23,603,121 652 1,690 Pacific Ocean, East Asia 1912 January 1 1949 December 7[n 13]

### Associated states

Name ISO code Geographic configuration Geologic location Associated with Area Population Density Geographical location km2 sq mi per km2 per sq mi Cook Islands[n 14] CK COK Two archipelagos Oceanic New Zealand 236 91 10,777 45.7 118 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia Niue[n 14] NU NIU One island Oceanic New Zealand 260 100 1,269 4.9 13 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia

## Dependencies and territories

Name ISO code Geographic configuration Geologic location Sovereign state Area Population Density Geographic location km2 sq mi per km2 per sq mi Åland AX AXL Archipelago[n 15] Continental shelf Finland 1,580 610 28,355 17.9 46 Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia Amer­ican Samoa[n 16] AS ASM Archipelago Oceanic United States 199 77 54,947 276 710 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia An­daman and Nicobar Islands IN IND Two neighbouring archipelagos of the Andaman Islands and Nicobar Islands Continental shelf India 8,249 3,185 380,520 46 120 Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea An­guil­la AI AIA One main island Oceanic United Kingdom 91 35 15,423 169 440 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles Aruba AW ABW One main island Continental shelf Nether­lands 180 69 107,635 598 1,550 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles Ber­muda BM BMU Archipelago Oceanic United Kingdom 53.3 20.6 62,500 1,170 3,000 Atlantic Ocean, North America Bouvet Island BV BVT One island Oceanic Norway 49 19 No permanent resident 0 0 Southern Ocean British Indian Ocean Territory[n 17][11] IO IOT Archipelago (The Chagos Archipelago) Oceanic United Kingdom Mau­ri­tius[n 17] 60 23 3,000 50 130 Indian Ocean British Virgin Islands VG VGB Archipelago Oceanic United Kingdom 151 58 31,148 206 530 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles Carib­bean Netherlands BQ BES Three separate main islands: Bonaire Sint Eustatius Saba Various Nether­lands 127 49 21,133 166 430 Caribbean Sea Cay­man Islands KY CYM Three main islands Oceanic United Kingdom 264 102 52,560 199 520 Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles Christ­mas Island CX CXR One main island Oceanic Australia 135 52 1,496 11.1 29 Indian Ocean, Australasia Cocos (Keeling) Islands CC CCK Archipelago Oceanic Australia 14 5.4 596 42.6 110 Indian Ocean, Australasia Cu­ra­çao CW CUW One main island (central island of the ABC Islands) Continental shelf Nether­lands 444 171 145,834 328 850 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles Easter Island CL CHL One main island Oceanic Chile 163.6 63.2 6,148 37.5 97 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia Falk­land Islands FK FLK Archipelago with two main islands Continental shelf United Kingdom[n 18] 12,173 4,700 3,140 0.26 0.67 Atlantic Ocean, South America Faroe Islands FO FRO Archipelago Continental shelf Denmark 1,393 538 49,483 35.5 92 Atlantic Ocean French Polynesia PF PYF Five archipelagos: The Society Islands The Tuamotu Archipelago The Gambier Islands The Marquesas Islands The Austral Islands Oceanic France 3,827 1,478 274,512 71.7 186 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands TF ATF Several scattered archipelagos — Crozet Islands, Kerguelen Islands, Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands and the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean — plus Adélie Land (432,000 km2 claim to uninhabited territory in Antarctica) Oceanic France 7,747 2,991 150 49.4 128 Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean Galápagos Islands EC ECU Archipelago Oceanic Ecuador 8,010 3,090 33,042 4.1 11 Pacific Ocean Green­land GL GRL One main island with several archipelagos Continental shelf Denmark 2,166,086 836,330 57,695 0.03 0.078 North America Gua­de­loupe GP GLP Archipelago Oceanic France 1,628 629 405,500 250 650 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles Guam[n 16] GU GUM One main island Oceanic United States 544 210 159,914 293 760 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia Guern­sey[n 19][12] GG GGY Three main islands: Guernsey Alderney Sark Continental shelf United Kingdom 78 30 65,849 844 2,190 English Channel, Channel Islands Heard and McDonald Islands HM HMD Two main islands (Heard Island and McDonald Island) Oceanic Australia 412 159 No permanent resident 0 0 Southern Ocean Isle of Man[n 19] IM IMN One main island and a minor island (the Calf of Man) Continental shelf United Kingdom 572 221 85,421 149 390 Irish Sea, British Isles Jan Mayen SJ SJM One mid-Atlantic ridge volcanic seamount Continental shelf Norway 377 146 No permanent resident 0 0 Arctic Ocean Jer­sey[n 19][12] JE JEY One main island Continental shelf United Kingdom 116 45 94,949 819 2,120 English Channel, Channel Islands Juan Fernández Islands CL CHL Three main islands: Robinson Crusoe Alejandro Selkirk Santa Clara Oceanic Chile 100 39 926 9.2 24 Pacific Ocean Lak­sha­dweep IN IND Archipelago Oceanic India 32.62 12.59 64,473 2,000 5,200 Indian Ocean Mar­ti­nique MQ MTQ One main island Oceanic France 1,128 436 403,795 360 930 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles May­otte YT MYT One main island Oceanic France 374 144 194,000 498.5 1,291 Indian Ocean, Africa, Comoros Islands Mont­serrat MS MST One main island Oceanic United Kingdom 102 39 5,164 50.6 131 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles New Caledonia NC NCL Archipelago around one main island Continental shelf[n 8] France 18,275 7,056 260,166 14.2 37 Pacific Ocean, Melanesia Norfolk Island NF NFK One main island Continental shelf[n 8] Australia 36 14 2,182 60.6 157 Pacific Ocean, Melanesia North­ern Mariana Islands[n 16] MP MNP Archipelago Oceanic United States 464 179 51,395 111 290 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia Pit­cairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno Islands PN PCN Archipelago Oceanic United Kingdom 47 18 48 1.0 2.6 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia Puerto Rico[n 16] PR PRI Archipelago around one main island Various United States 8,868 3,424 3,203,295 361 930 Caribbean Sea, Greater Antilles Ré­union RE REU One main island Oceanic France 2,512 970 893,500 330 850 Indian Ocean, Africa, Mascarene Islands San Andrés and Providencia CO COL Two archipelagos around two main islands of San Andrés and Providencia Oceanic Colom­bia 525 203 61,280 1,200 3,100 Caribbean Sea Saint Barthélemy BL BLM Archipelago around one main island Oceanic France 21 8.1 7,332 349 900 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha SH SHN Three main islands distant from each other of: Saint Helena Ascension Tristan da Cunha Oceanic United Kingdom 308 119 7,728 25.1 65 Atlantic Ocean Saint Martin MF MAF Part of a larger island (Saint Martin) Oceanic France 54.4 21.0 30,959 569 1,470 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles Saint Pierre and Miquelon PM SPM Two main islands Continental shelf France 242 93 5,831 24.1 62 North America Sint Maarten SX SXM Part of a larger island (Saint Martin) Oceanic Nether­lands 34 13 39,088 1,150 3,000 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands GS SGs One main island and neighbouring archipelago Continental shelf United Kingdom[n 18] 3,903 1,507 30 30 78 Atlantic Ocean Sov­er­eign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia (SBA) GB GBR Parts of a larger island (Cyprus) Continental shelf United Kingdom 254 98 15,700 61.8 160 Mediterranean Sea Sval­bard[n 20] SJ SJM Archipelago Continental shelf Norway 62,045 23,956 2,763 0.044 0.11 Arctic Ocean To­ke­lau[n 21] TK TKL Archipelago Oceanic New Zealand 12 4.6 1,368 114 300 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia Turks and Caicos Islands TC TCA Archipelago of two island groups Continental shelf United Kingdom 948 366 46,335 48.9 127 Atlantic Ocean, Lucayan Archipelago United States Minor Outlying Islands UM UMI Loose scattered archipelago of eight Pacific insular areas with one Caribbean (Navassa Island) Oceanic United States 41 16 300 7.3 19 Pacific Ocean, Micronesia, Polynesia, and Caribbean Sea U.S. Virgin Islands[n 16] VI VIR Archipelago Oceanic United States 346 134 87,146[13] 252 650 Caribbean Sea, Lesser Antilles Wallis and Futuna WF WLF Three main islands of: Uvea (Wallis) Hoorn Islands of Futuna and Alofi Island Oceanic France 264 102 15,289 57.9 150 Pacific Ocean, Polynesia

## Former sovereign island nations and primarily island-based countries

### Africa

- [State of Anjouan](/source/State_of_Anjouan) (1997–2008)

- [Sultanate of Bambao](/source/Sultanate_of_Bambao) ([Ngazidja](/source/Ngazidja), 1886–1908)

- [Merina Kingdom](/source/Merina_Kingdom)

- [Mohéli](/source/Moh%C3%A9li) (1997–1998)

- [Mwali Sultanate](/source/Mwali_Sultanate)

- [Sultanate of Ndzuwani](/source/Sultanate_of_Ndzuwani)

- [Sultanate of Zanzibar](/source/Sultanate_of_Zanzibar)

### Asia

- **East Asia** - [Republic of Ezo](/source/Republic_of_Ezo) - [Republic of Formosa](/source/Republic_of_Formosa) - [Empire of Japan](/source/Empire_of_Japan), (1868–1910)[n 22] - [Ryūkyū Kingdom](/source/Ry%C5%ABky%C5%AB_Kingdom) - [Tamna](/source/Tamna) - [Kingdom of Tungning](/source/Kingdom_of_Tungning) - [Usan](/source/Usan) - [Yamatai](/source/Yamatai)

- **Southeast Asia** - [Aceh Sultanate](/source/Aceh_Sultanate) - [Aru Kingdom](/source/Aru_Kingdom) - [Bali Kingdom](/source/Bali_Kingdom) - [Sultanate of Banjar](/source/Sultanate_of_Banjar) - [Banten Sultanate](/source/Banten_Sultanate) - [Blambangan Kingdom](/source/Blambangan_Kingdom) - [Sultanate of Brunei](/source/Sultanate_of_Brunei) - [Buton Sultanate](/source/Buton_Sultanate) - [Rajahnate of Butuan](/source/Rajahnate_of_Butuan) - [Sultanate of Cirebon](/source/Sultanate_of_Cirebon) - [Sultanate of Deli](/source/Sultanate_of_Deli) - [Demak Sultanate](/source/Demak_Sultanate) - [Galuh Kingdom](/source/Galuh_Kingdom) - [Sultanate of Gowa](/source/Sultanate_of_Gowa) - [Janggala](/source/Janggala) - [Kediri Kingdom](/source/Kediri_Kingdom) - [Lanfang Republic](/source/Lanfang_Republic) - [Sultanate of Maguindanao](/source/Sultanate_of_Maguindanao) - [Ma-i](/source/Ma-i) - [Majapahit](/source/Majapahit) - [Mataram kingdom](/source/Mataram_kingdom) - [Mataram Sultanate](/source/Mataram_Sultanate) - [Maynila](/source/Maynila_(historical_polity)) - [Melayu Kingdom](/source/Melayu_Kingdom) - [Pagaruyung Kingdom](/source/Pagaruyung_Kingdom) - [First Philippine Republic](/source/First_Philippine_Republic) - [Pontianak Sultanate](/source/Pontianak_Sultanate) - [Riau-Lingga Sultanate](/source/Riau-Lingga_Sultanate) - [Sultanate of Sambas](/source/Sultanate_of_Sambas) - [Raj of Sarawak](/source/Raj_of_Sarawak) - [Sultanate of Siak](/source/Sultanate_of_Siak) - [Kingdom of Singapura](/source/Kingdom_of_Singapura) - [Singhasari](/source/Singhasari) - [Srivijaya](/source/Srivijaya) - [Sugbu](/source/Cebu_(historical_polity)) - [Sultanate of Sulu](/source/Sultanate_of_Sulu) - [Sunda Kingdom](/source/Sunda_Kingdom) - [Tarumanagara](/source/Tarumanagara) - [Sultanate of Ternate](/source/Sultanate_of_Ternate) - [Sultanate of Tidore](/source/Sultanate_of_Tidore)

- **South Asia** - [Kingdom of Anuradhapura](/source/Kingdom_of_Anuradhapura) - [Dominion of Ceylon](/source/Dominion_of_Ceylon) - [Kingdom of Dambadeniya](/source/Kingdom_of_Dambadeniya) - [Kingdom of Gampola](/source/Kingdom_of_Gampola) - [Jaffna Kingdom](/source/Jaffna_Kingdom) - [Kingdom of Kandy](/source/Kingdom_of_Kandy) - [Kingdom of Kotte](/source/Kingdom_of_Kotte) - [Kingdom of Polonnaruwa](/source/Kingdom_of_Polonnaruwa) - [Kingdom of Sitawaka](/source/Kingdom_of_Sitawaka) - [United Suvadive Republic](/source/United_Suvadive_Republic)

- **Western Asia** - [Kingdom of Ormus](/source/Kingdom_of_Ormus)

### Europe

- **Mediterranean Sea** - Archaic [Greek city-states](/source/Greek_city-states) - [Andros](/source/Andros%2C_Greece) - [Delos](/source/Delos) - [Khios](/source/Khios) - [Lesbos](/source/Lesbos_Island) - [Milos](/source/Milos) - [Minoans](/source/Minoans) - [Pholegandros](/source/Pholegandros) - [Rhodes](/source/Rhodes) - [Samos](/source/Samos) - [Syracuse, Sicily](/source/Syracuse%2C_Sicily) - [Zakynthos](/source/Zakynthos) - [Lordship of Chios](/source/Lordship_of_Chios) - [Kingdom of Corsica (1736)](/source/Kingdom_of_Corsica_(1736)) - [Corsican Republic](/source/Corsican_Republic) - [Anglo-Corsican Kingdom](/source/Anglo-Corsican_Kingdom) - [Emirate of Crete](/source/Emirate_of_Crete) - [Cretan State](/source/Cretan_State) - [Kingdom of Cyprus](/source/Kingdom_of_Cyprus) - [Duchy of the Archipelago](/source/Duchy_of_the_Archipelago) - [Principality of Elba](/source/Principality_of_Elba) - [Gozo (independent state)](/source/Gozo_(independent_state)) - [Hospitaller Malta](/source/Hospitaller_Malta) - [Hospitaller Rhodes](/source/Hospitaller_Rhodes) - [Kingdom of Majorca](/source/Kingdom_of_Majorca) - [Triarchy of Negroponte](/source/Triarchy_of_Negroponte) - [Sardinian Judicati](/source/Sardinian_Judicati) - [Judicate of Arborea](/source/Judicate_of_Arborea) - [Judicate of Cagliari](/source/Judicate_of_Cagliari) - [Judicate of Gallura](/source/Judicate_of_Gallura) - [Judicate of Logudoro](/source/Judicate_of_Logudoro) - [Republic of Sassari](/source/Republic_of_Sassari) - [Emirate of Sicily](/source/Emirate_of_Sicily) - [Kingdom of Sicily](/source/Kingdom_of_Sicily), (1282–1816)[n 23]

- **North Europe & West Europe** - [Dál Riata](/source/D%C3%A1l_Riata) - [Commonwealth of England](/source/Commonwealth_of_England) / [Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland](/source/Commonwealth_of_England%2C_Scotland_and_Ireland) - [Kingdom of England](/source/Kingdom_of_England) - [Kingdom of Great Britain](/source/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain) - [Heptarchy](/source/Heptarchy) ([seven kingdoms before the unification of England](/source/Heptarchy#List_of_Anglo-Saxon_kingdoms)) - [Kingdom of Mann and the Isles](/source/Kingdom_of_Mann_and_the_Isles) - [Commonwealth of Iceland](/source/Commonwealth_of_Iceland) - [Kingdom of Iceland](/source/Kingdom_of_Iceland) - [Gaelic Ireland](/source/Gaelic_Ireland#Gaelic_kingdoms_during_the_period) - [Norman Ireland](/source/Lordship_of_Ireland) - [Kingdom of Ireland](/source/Kingdom_of_Ireland) - [Irish Free State](/source/Irish_Free_State) - [Soviet Republic of Naissaar](/source/Soviet_Republic_of_Naissaar) - [Kingdom of Scotland](/source/Kingdom_of_Scotland) ([Kingdom of Alba](/source/Kingdom_of_Alba) before the [First War of Scottish Independence](/source/First_War_of_Scottish_Independence)) - [Kingdom of Strathclyde](/source/Kingdom_of_Strathclyde) - [Principality of Wales](/source/Principality_of_Wales) - [Brycheiniog](/source/Brycheiniog) - [Kingdom of Deheubarth](/source/Kingdom_of_Deheubarth) - [Kingdom of Gwent](/source/Kingdom_of_Gwent) - [Kingdom of Gwynedd](/source/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd) - [Kingdom of Morgannwg](/source/Kingdom_of_Morgannwg) - [Kingdom of Powys](/source/Kingdom_of_Powys)

### North America

- [Republic of Anguilla](/source/Republic_of_Anguilla)

- [First Republic of Cuba](/source/First_Republic_of_Cuba)

- [First Empire of Haiti](/source/First_Empire_of_Haiti)

- [Second Empire of Haiti](/source/Second_Empire_of_Haiti)

- [Kingdom of Haiti](/source/Kingdom_of_Haiti)

- [Republic of Spanish Haiti](/source/Republic_of_Spanish_Haiti)

- [Republic of the Floridas](/source/Republic_of_the_Floridas)

- [West Indies Federation](/source/West_Indies_Federation), (1958–1962)[n 24]

- [Dominion of Newfoundland](/source/Dominion_of_Newfoundland) (1907–1949)

### Oceania

- [Kingdom of Bora Bora](/source/Kingdom_of_Bora_Bora)

- [Franceville, New Hebrides](/source/Franceville%2C_New_Hebrides)

- [Kingdom of Fiji](/source/Kingdom_of_Fiji)

- [Kingdom of Hawaii](/source/Hawaiian_Kingdom)

- [Republic of Hawaii](/source/Republic_of_Hawaii)

- [Republic of the North Solomons](/source/Republic_of_the_North_Solomons)

- [Kingdom of Tahiti](/source/Kingdom_of_Tahiti)

- [Tuʻi Tonga Empire](/source/Tu%CA%BBi_Tonga_Empire)

- [Yapese Empire](/source/Yapese_Empire)

## Former colonies, possessions, protectorates, and other territories

- [Annobón](/source/Annob%C3%B3n) (1474–1778), now part of [Equatorial Guinea](/source/Equatorial_Guinea)

- [Bay Islands](/source/Bay_Islands_Department#Colony_of_the_Bay_Islands), now a department of [Honduras](/source/Honduras)

- [Cape Breton Island](/source/Cape_Breton_Island), now part of [Nova Scotia](/source/Nova_Scotia), Canada

- [Danish West Indies](/source/Danish_West_Indies), now the [United States Virgin Islands](/source/United_States_Virgin_Islands)

- [Elobey, Annobón and Corisco](/source/Elobey%2C_Annob%C3%B3n_and_Corisco) (1843–1926) unified with the rest of Spanish Guinea

- [Fernando Po](/source/Bioko#History) (1778–1926)

- The [Territory of Hawaii](/source/Territory_of_Hawaii), now [Hawaii](/source/Hawaii), a state of the [United States](/source/United_States)

- [Heligoland](/source/Heligoland#19th_century) (1807–1890)

- [Hong Kong Island](/source/Hong_Kong_Island) (1841–1860), now a part of [Hong Kong](/source/Hong_Kong), a [special administrative region](/source/Special_administrative_regions_of_China) of [China](/source/China)[n 25]

- [United States of the Ionian Islands](/source/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands), protectorate of the United Kingdom.

- [Septinsular Republic](/source/Septinsular_Republic), protectorate in the Ionian Islands under nominal Russo-Ottoman joint sovereignty.

- [Labuan](/source/Labuan_Territory), briefly part of [British North Borneo](/source/British_North_Borneo), the [Straits Settlements](/source/Straits_Settlements) and [Sabah](/source/Sabah), now a [federal territory](/source/Federal_Territory_(Malaysia)) of [Malaysia](/source/Malaysia)

- [Mayotte](/source/Mayotte), now an [overseas department and region](/source/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France) of [France](/source/French_Fifth_Republic)

- [Minorca](/source/Menorca#18th-19th_centuries) (1713–1802)

- [Colony of Newfoundland](/source/History_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador#Colony_of_Newfoundland) (1583–1907)[n 26]

- [New Hebrides](/source/New_Hebrides), now [Vanuatu](/source/Vanuatu)

- [British North Borneo](/source/British_North_Borneo)

- [Padang](/source/Padang#History)

- [Prince of Wales Island](/source/Penang_Island) between 1786 and 1800, at that point joined by Province Wellesley (now Seberang Perai). Now as the state of Penang in the Malaysian federation.

- [Prince Edward Island](/source/Prince_Edward_Island), now a province of Canada

- The [Providence Island colony](/source/Providence_Island_colony)

- [Queen Charlotte Islands](/source/Colony_of_the_Queen_Charlotte_Islands)

- [Réunion](/source/R%C3%A9union), now an overseas department and region of France

- [Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla](/source/Saint_Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla), former British overseas territory dissolved in 1983.

- [Socotra Archipelago](/source/Socotra_Governorate), now a [governorate](/source/Governorates_of_Yemen) of [Yemen](/source/Yemen)

- [Tasmania](/source/Tasmania), now a state of Australia, shares a land boundary with [Victoria](/source/Victoria_(Australia)) on [Boundary Islet](/source/Boundary_Islet)

- [Vancouver Island](/source/Vancouver_Island), now a part of [British Columbia](/source/British_Columbia), Canada

- [People's Republic of Zanzibar](/source/People's_Republic_of_Zanzibar), now a member of the [United Republic of Tanzania](/source/Tanzania).

## Island countries with man-made fixed links to continents

- [Bahrain](/source/Bahrain) to [Saudi Arabia](/source/Saudi_Arabia) via the [King Fahd Causeway](/source/King_Fahd_Causeway)

- [Singapore](/source/Singapore) to [Malaysia](/source/Malaysia) via the [Johor–Singapore Causeway](/source/Johor%E2%80%93Singapore_Causeway) since 1924, with the [Tuas Second Link](/source/Malaysia%E2%80%93Singapore_Second_Link) added in 1998

- [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom) to [France](/source/France) via the [Channel Tunnel](/source/Channel_Tunnel)

## See also

- [Countries portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Countries)
- [Islands portal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Islands)

- [Archipelagic state](/source/Archipelagic_state)

- [List of archipelagos](/source/List_of_archipelagos)

- [List of Caribbean countries by population](/source/List_of_Caribbean_countries_by_population)

- [List of countries that border only one other country](/source/List_of_countries_that_border_only_one_other_country)

- [List of divided islands](/source/List_of_divided_islands)

- [Lists of islands](/source/Lists_of_islands)

- [List of islands by area](/source/List_of_islands_by_area)

- [List of islands by population](/source/List_of_islands_by_population)

- [List of islands by population density](/source/List_of_islands_by_population_density)

- [List of Oceanian countries by population](/source/List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population)

- [List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania](/source/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Oceania)

- [List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Indian Ocean](/source/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_the_Indian_Ocean)

- [Small Island Developing States](/source/Small_Island_Developing_States)

- [Thalassocracy](/source/Thalassocracy)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** The [Falkland Islands](/source/Falkland_Islands) and [South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands](/source/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands) are disputed island territories administered by the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom) and claimed by [Argentina](/source/Argentina).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Cyprus_9-0)** The northern part of the island of Cyprus is the *de facto* independent state of [Northern Cyprus](/source/Northern_Cyprus), which is recognized only by [Turkey](/source/Turkey). In the south of the island are the [Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia](/source/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia), controlled by the United Kingdom.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** The largest [oceanic island](/source/Island#Oceanic_islands) in the world.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** The western portion of the country is on the [continental shelf of Asia](/source/Sunda_Shelf) while the eastern portion of the country is on the [continental shelf of Australia](/source/Sahul_Shelf). The central portion of the country consists of oceanic islands in [Wallacea](/source/Wallacea).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-JPN_13-0)** In Japanese tradition, 11 February 660 BC is regarded as the accession date of the first Emperor of Japan in legendary, [Emperor Jimmu](/source/Emperor_Jimmu), marking the establishment of the [imperial dynasty](/source/Imperial_House_of_Japan). However, no historical evidence that Jimmu actually existed and his story was largely narrated by [Japanese mythology](/source/Japanese_mythology). February 11 was also the day when the [Constitution of the Empire of Japan](/source/Meiji_Constitution) was proclaimed in 1889. See: [National Foundation Day](/source/National_Foundation_Day_(Japan))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** The largest [microcontinent](/source/Continental_fragment) in the world.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-CFA_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-CFA_15-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-CFA_15-2) The Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau are [states in free association](/source/Associated_state) with the United States, under the [Compact of Free Association](/source/Compact_of_Free_Association).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Zealandia_16-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Zealandia_16-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Zealandia_16-2) A part of the [submerged continent](/source/Submerged_continent) of [Zealandia](/source/Zealandia).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** The [Granitic Seychelles](/source/Granitic_Seychelles) is a part of the [Seychelles microcontinent](/source/Seychelles_microcontinent). The [Coralline Seychelles](/source/Outer_Islands_(Seychelles)) consists of oceanic islands.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BOTs_18-0)** The [British Overseas Territory](/source/British_Overseas_Territories) of [Gibraltar](/source/Gibraltar) is a peninsular exclave which shares a [land border](/source/Gibraltar%E2%80%93Spain_border) with [Spain](/source/Spain) and can thus be regarded as a part of [continental Europe](/source/Continental_Europe), with the United Kingdom retaining the full authority for its defence and foreign relations. However, Gibraltar and other BOTs are considered to be dependent territories of the [British Crown](/source/The_Crown) with varying degrees of self-governance, not parts of the United Kingdom proper nor of any of its four [constituent countries](/source/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-trnc_20-0)** In 1983, in a breach of international law, [Northern Cyprus](/source/Northern_Cyprus) unilaterally declared independence from Cyprus, with direct support of its neighbour [Turkey](/source/Turkey), in support of the [Turkish people](/source/Turkish_people) minority on the island. Northern Cyprus's sovereignty has been recognized by only one United Nations member state: Turkey. It retains a *de facto* control of this part of the island. It is not a member state of the United Nations. Most states recognize [Cyprus](/source/Cyprus)'s claim to sovereignty over the entirety of [the island of Cyprus](/source/Cyprus_(island)).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-roc_22-0)** Since the conclusion of the [Chinese Civil War](/source/Chinese_Civil_War), the Republic of China (ROC) retains actual rule over the islands of [Taiwan](/source/Geography_of_Taiwan), [Penghu](/source/Penghu), [Kinmen](/source/Kinmen), [Matsu](/source/Matsu_Islands), and [other minor islands](/source/List_of_islands_of_Taiwan), all of which are collectively known as the "[Free Area](/source/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China)" (or Taiwan Area) in contrast to [Mainland China](/source/Mainland_China) being under communist rule, thus making it a *de facto* island nation, and has become known colloquially as simply "Taiwan" due to the island of Taiwan forming the majority of the ROC-controlled territories; nonetheless, the ROC has not officially renounced its constitutional-defined territories which include areas effectively controlled by the [People's Republic of China](/source/China), [Mongolia](/source/Mongolia), [Tuva](/source/Tuva) (a [Russian republic](/source/Republics_of_Russia)) etc. If claimed territories were taken into account, the ROC would not be an island country, nor a country centred around a major island. The ROC-controlled territories are also claimed by the People's Republic of China. See: [Cross-Strait relations](/source/Cross-Strait_relations), [One China](/source/One_China), [Political status of Taiwan](/source/Political_status_of_Taiwan), and [Two Chinas](/source/Two_Chinas).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-roc-2_23-0)** The [Republic of China](/source/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)) (ROC) was formally established on 1 January 1912 following the [Xinhai Revolution](/source/1911_Revolution), which succeeded the former [Qing dynasty](/source/Qing_dynasty)'s territories on [Mainland China](/source/Mainland_China), while the [islands of Taiwan and Penghu were under Japanese rule](/source/Taiwan_under_Japanese_rule) at the time. The ROC gained control over the latter after the [Surrender of Japan](/source/Surrender_of_Japan) in 1945, but soon lost its control of mainland to the communists due to the [Chinese Civil War](/source/Chinese_Civil_War). The ROC government relocated to [Taipei](/source/Taipei) on 7 December 1949 and named the city its [provisional capital](/source/Temporary_capital). Constitutionally, the [Republic of China on Taiwan](/source/Republic_of_China_on_Taiwan) still views itself as the continuation of the former Chinese republic, with legitimate sovereignty over Mainland China despite having no actual control. 7 December 1949 is listed as the date of formation of its governing authority fully established on the islands. See: [Four-Stage Theory of the Republic of China](/source/Four-Stage_Theory_of_the_Republic_of_China), [Kuomintang's retreat to Taiwan](/source/Kuomintang's_retreat_to_Taiwan), and [Political status of Taiwan](/source/Political_status_of_Taiwan).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-NCA_24-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-NCA_24-1) The [political status of the Cook Islands and Niue](/source/Political_status_of_the_Cook_Islands_and_Niue) is defined as [states in free association](/source/Associated_state) with [New Zealand](/source/New_Zealand). The Cook Islands and Niue are internally self-governing, with New Zealand retaining responsibility for their defence and for some foreign affairs. However, these responsibilities confer New Zealand no rights of control and can only be exercised at the request of the Cook Islands and Niue. See: [Constitution of the Cook Islands](/source/Politics_of_the_Cook_Islands#Constitution) and [Niue Constitution Act](/source/Niue_Constitution_Act).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Finland and Sweden share a border over the small island of [Märket](/source/M%C3%A4rket); however, the property including the [lighthouse](/source/Lighthouse) is owned by the Finnish rather than Åland government.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-territories_26-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-territories_26-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-territories_26-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-territories_26-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-territories_26-4) An [insular area](/source/Insular_area) of the United States. See [Territories of the United States](/source/Territories_of_the_United_States).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-BIOT_27-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-BIOT_27-1) Since 2024, the [Chagos Archipelago sovereignty dispute](/source/Chagos_Archipelago_sovereignty_dispute) is approaching a resolution with the return of the [British Indian Ocean Territory](/source/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory) to [Mauritius](/source/Mauritius) — deemed to have the right of [sovereignty](/source/Sovereignty) over the isles by ruling from both the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) the [International Court of Justice](/source/International_Court_of_Justice) (ICJ) — with the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom) retaining control of the airbase on [Diego Garcia](/source/Diego_Garcia) on the basis of a 99-year lease. The negotiations as to the details of the return and the cost of the lease and the rate of compensation are yet to be determined.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Argentina_29-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Argentina_29-1) The [Falkland Islands](/source/Falkland_Islands) and [South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands](/source/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands) are also claimed by [Argentina](/source/Argentina).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-crowndependencies_30-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-crowndependencies_30-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-crowndependencies_30-2) The Bailiwicks of [Guernsey](/source/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey) and [Jersey](/source/Jersey), and the [Isle of Man](/source/Isle_of_Man) are peculiars of the [British Crown](/source/The_Crown) and not part of the United Kingdom; foreign relations and defence are provided by the UK.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** Administered by Norway under the [Svalbard Treaty](/source/Svalbard_Treaty).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** Tokelau is a [dependent territory](/source/Dependent_territory) of New Zealand.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Japan_35-0)** By 1910, the Empire of Japan was restricted to the entire [Japanese archipelago](/source/Japanese_archipelago), [Southern Sakhalin](/source/Southern_Sakhalin), [Kuril Islands](/source/Kuril_Islands) and [Taiwan](/source/Taiwan), before its official [annexation of Korea](/source/Annexation_of_Korea). The Japanese [concessions in China](/source/Concessions_in_China) including the [Kwantung Leased Territory](/source/Kwantung_Leased_Territory) which acquired by Japan before 1905 were regarded as Chinese territories under foreign jurisdiction, they were not officially annexed by Japan and obliged to be returned under a fixed-term territorial lease by bilateral agreements.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Sicily_36-0)** Before the outbreak of [Sicilian Vespers](/source/Sicilian_Vespers) in 1282, the Kingdom of Sicily encompassed both the [island of Sicily](/source/Island_of_Sicily) and [south Italy](/source/South_Italy); [the war](/source/War_of_the_Sicilian_Vespers) resulted the division of the kingdom into two parts as "Kingdom of Trinacria" (island part), and [Kingdom of Naples](/source/Kingdom_of_Naples) (mainland part) which still officially called itself "Kingdom of Sicily". The two Sicilian kingdoms had since remained separate until 1816, when they remerged to form the [Kingdom of the Two Sicilies](/source/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-West_Indies_37-0)** Dissolved in 1962 and then divided into Anguilla, Antigua, Barbados, Barbuda, the Cayman Islands, Dominica, Grenada, Jamaica, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and the Turks and Caicos Islands.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** The Crown Colony of Hong Kong covered only Hong Kong Island from 1841 to 1860. [Kowloon](/source/Kowloon), south of [Boundary Street](/source/Boundary_Street) on the continent, was added in 1860, and extended to include the [New Territories](/source/New_Territories) in 1898.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Newfoundland_39-0)** The colony covered the [island of Newfoundland](/source/Newfoundland_(island)) before 1809. In 1809, part of the [Labrador Peninsula](/source/Labrador_Peninsula) was transferred to Newfoundland from [Lower Canada](/source/Lower_Canada). In other words, before 1809, Newfoundland was an island colony. From 1809 onwards, the Colony of Newfoundland and, since 1907, the Dominion of Newfoundland had been an island plus [Labrador](/source/Labrador) (an area on the continent of [North America](/source/North_America)).

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Definition of island"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120719094034/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Island). [Oxford University Press](/source/Oxford_University_Press). Archived from [the original](http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/island) on July 19, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-roc_2-0)** The [Republic of China](/source/Taiwan) (commonly known as "Taiwan") only controls the islands of [Taiwan](/source/Geography_of_Taiwan), [Penghu](/source/Penghu), [Kinmen](/source/Kinmen), [Matsu](/source/Matsu_Islands) etc. after the [Chinese Civil War](/source/Chinese_Civil_War), but has not renounced claim on areas currently under control of the [People's Republic of China](/source/China), [Mongolia](/source/Mongolia), [Tuva](/source/Tuva) (a [Russian republic](/source/Republics_of_Russia)) etc. If those territories are taken into account, the Republic of China is not an island country or a country centered with a major island. The area under ROC control is also claimed by the People's Republic of China. See: [One China](/source/One_China) and [Political status of Taiwan](/source/Political_status_of_Taiwan).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Löffler, Ernst; A.J. Rose, Anneliese Löffler & Denis Warner (1983). *Australia:Portrait of a Continent*. [Richmond](/source/Richmond%2C_Victoria), [Victoria](/source/Victoria_(Australia)): Hutchinson Group. p. 17. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-09-130460-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-09-130460-1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [Which Countries Have The Most Islands?](https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-countries-have-the-most-islands.html)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [Island Countries](https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/island-countries.htm)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-world-atlas_7-0)** ["Island Countries Of The World"](https://web.archive.org/web/20171207094959/http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-island-countries-of-the-world.html). WorldAtlas.com. Archived from [the original](https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-island-countries-of-the-world.html) on 2017-12-07. Retrieved 2019-08-10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Total Population Estimates 2015-2019"](https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?end=2019&name_desc=false&start=2015&view=chart). *data.worldbank.org*. The World Bank. Retrieved 21 April 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-geospatial_12-0)** ["令和元年全国都道府県市区町村別面積調（１０月１日時点）2020年"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210101044323/https://www.gsi.go.jp/KOKUJYOHO/MENCHO-title.htm) (in Japanese). [Geospatial Information Authority of Japan](/source/Geospatial_Information_Authority_of_Japan). 25 December 2020. Archived from [the original](https://www.gsi.go.jp/KOKUJYOHO/MENCHO-title.htm) on January 1, 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** ["The Overseas Territories"](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32952/ot-wp-0612.pdf) (PDF). Foreign and Commonwealth Office. June 2012. Retrieved 29 November 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** [TRNC](https://web.archive.org/web/20160108225108/http://www.devplan.org/Ecosos/BOOK/SEG-2014.pdf) SPO, Economic and Social Indicators 2014, pages=2–3

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** [The Guardian](/source/The_Guardian), 24-Dec-2024 *Mauritius holds out on Chagos Islands deal over Diego Garcia lease* [\[1\]](https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/dec/24/mauritius-holds-out-on-chagos-islands-deal-over-diego-garcia-lease)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-channel_islands_31-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-channel_islands_31-1) ["Channel Islands"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120921052748/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandCrowndependencies/ChannelIslands.aspx). Archived from [the original](http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/QueenandCrowndependencies/ChannelIslands.aspx) on 21 September 2012. Retrieved 22 August 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Islandareas_34-0)** ["2020 Island Areas Censuses: U.S. Virgin Islands"](https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-us-virgin-islands.html). *United States Census Bureau*. United States Department of Commerce. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220120165859/https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2020/dec/2020-us-virgin-islands.html) from the original on January 20, 2022. Retrieved 8 January 2022.

## External links

- [Island superlatives](http://www.worldislandinfo.com/SUPERLATIVESV2.html)

v t e List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent Continents Africa Antarctica Asia Europe North America Oceania South America Landmasses Americas Eurasia Islands Island countries Transcontinental Transcontinental countries

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [List of island countries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_island_countries) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_island_countries?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.