# List of intentional communities

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This is a **list of [intentional communities](/source/Intentional_community)**. An intentional community is a planned residential community designed from the start to have a high degree of social cohesion and teamwork. The members of an intentional community typically hold a common social, political, religious, or spiritual vision and often follow an alternative lifestyle. They typically share responsibilities and resources. Intentional communities include collective households, co-housing communities, co-living, ecovillages, monasteries, communes, survivalist retreats, kibbutzim, ashrams, and housing cooperatives. For directories, see external links below.

## Africa

### Ethiopia

- [Awra Amba](/source/Awra_Amba) in the [Amhara Region](/source/Amhara_Region)[1][*[better source needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources)*]

### South Africa

- [Orania](/source/Orania%2C_Northern_Cape) near [Kimberley](/source/Kimberley%2C_Northern_Cape) in [Northern Cape](/source/Northern_Cape)

## Asia and Oceania

### Australia

- [Gondwana Sanctuary](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gondwana_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1), [Byron Bay](/source/Byron_Bay), [New South Wales](/source/New_South_Wales)

- [House of Freedom (community)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_Freedom_(community)&action=edit&redlink=1), [Brisbane](/source/Brisbane), [Queensland](/source/Queensland), founder [Athol Gill](/source/Athol_Gill)

- [House of the Gentle Bunyip](/source/House_of_the_Gentle_Bunyip), [Melbourne](/source/Melbourne), [Victoria](/source/Victoria_(Australia)), founder [Athol Gill](/source/Athol_Gill)

- [House of the New World](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=House_of_the_New_World&action=edit&redlink=1), [Sydney](/source/Sydney), [New South Wales](/source/New_South_Wales), founder [John Hirt](/source/John_Hirt)

- [Moora Moora](/source/Moora_Moora), near [Healesville](/source/Healesville), Victoria

- [Rocky Cape Christian Community](/source/Rocky_Cape_Christian_Community), [Tasmania](/source/Tasmania)

### India

- [Auroville](/source/Auroville), [Tamil Nadu](/source/Tamil_Nadu)

### Israel

See also: [Kibbutz](/source/Kibbutz)

- [Kibbutz Ketura](/source/Ketura_(Kibbutz))

- [Neve Shalom](/source/Neve_Shalom), [Jerusalem](/source/Jerusalem)

### Japan

- [Atarashiki-mura](/source/Atarashiki-mura)

- [Owa Hutterite Colony](/source/Owa_Hutterite_Colony)

### New Zealand

- [Centrepoint](/source/Centrepoint_(commune)) (founded 1977)

- [Gloriavale Christian Community](/source/Gloriavale_Christian_Community) (founded c. 1990s)

- [Jerusalem/Hiruharama](/source/Jerusalem%2C_New_Zealand) (1970–1972)

- [Maungapohatu](/source/Maungapohatu) (founded 1907)

- [Ohu](/source/Ohu) communities (1974– c. 2000)

- [Parihaka](/source/Parihaka) (founded c. 1866)

- [Rātana Pā](/source/R%C4%81tana_P%C4%81) (founded c. 1920s)

- [Riverside Community, New Zealand](/source/Riverside_Community%2C_New_Zealand) (founded 1941)

### Syria

- [Jinwar](/source/Jinwar) (founded 2016)[2]

## Europe

### France

- [Community of the Ark](/source/Community_of_the_Ark), La Borie Noble

- [Jansiac](/source/Jansiac)[3]

- [Longo Maï](/source/Longo_Ma%C3%AF), [Limans](/source/Limans) (1973–present)[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

- [Taizé Community](/source/Taiz%C3%A9_Community), Taizé, France

### Denmark

- [Det Nødvendige Seminarium](/source/Det_N%C3%B8dvendige_Seminarium) (DNS)[4]

- [Freetown Christiania](/source/Freetown_Christiania), [Copenhagen](/source/Copenhagen)

- [Friland](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Friland&action=edit&redlink=1) [[da](https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friland)] (2002–present)[5][6]

- [Svanholm](/source/Svanholm)

- Dyssekilde eco-community (and [book town](/source/Book_town)) (Torup, Denmark). Based on the thoughts of the mystic Martinus. (1987-present?)[7][8]

### Italy

- [Federation of Damanhur](/source/Federation_of_Damanhur), [Piedmont](/source/Piedmont)

- [Nomadelfia](/source/Nomadelfia)

### Germany

- [Bruderhof Communities](/source/Bruderhof_Communities), originally in Germany but spread to other countries since[9]

- [Kommune Niederkaufungen](/source/Kommune_Niederkaufungen)

- [ZEGG](/source/ZEGG_(community))

- [Mittendrin Leben eG](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mittendrin_Leben_eG&action=edit&redlink=1)[10][*[non-primary source needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources)*]

### Greece

- [Eutopia project (community)](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eutopia_project_(community)&action=edit&redlink=1)[11]

- [Free and Real](/source/Free_and_Real)

### Montenegro

- [Montelibero](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montelibero&action=edit&redlink=1), a libertarian community[12] based on ideas of the [Free State Project](/source/Free_State_Project)

### Portugal

- [Ecoaldea Vegetariana Espiral](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ecoaldea_Vegetariana_Espiral&action=edit&redlink=1), [Cabeceiras de Basto](/source/Cabeceiras_de_Basto)[13][14]

- [Tamera](/source/Tamera)

### Russia

- [Life and Labor Commune](/source/Life_and_Labor_Commune) (1921–1939)[15]

### Spain

- [Lakabe](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lakabe&action=edit&redlink=1) [[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakabe)] in Lacabe[16]

- [FAMILIAFELIZ](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=FAMILIAFELIZ&action=edit&redlink=1) [[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/FAMILIAFELIZ)] in Cervera del Maestre (CS)[17]

- Global Tribe, Andalucia

- Resonancia Community in the Alpujarra (Granada). A Coliving in combination with the Ecovillage Laboratory [Valle de Sensaciones](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valle_de_Sensaciones&action=edit&redlink=1) [[en](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valle_de_Sensaciones&action=edit&redlink=1)][18]

### Sweden

- [Ängsbacka](/source/%C3%84ngsbacka)

### United Kingdom

- [Bruderhof Communities](/source/Bruderhof_Communities#England) in [Robertsbridge](/source/Robertsbridge), East Sussex, England and in [Peckham](/source/Peckham) in southeast London.

- [Braziers Park](/source/Braziers_Park) in South Oxfordshire, England

- [Brithdir Mawr](/source/Brithdir_Mawr) in Pembrokeshire, Wales

- [Chemin Neuf Community](/source/Chemin_Neuf_Community) and [Community of Saint Anselm](/source/Community_of_Saint_Anselm), Canterbury, England[19]

- [Dial House](/source/Dial_House%2C_Essex) in England (1970–present)[20][*[better source needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources)*]

- [Findhorn](/source/Findhorn_Foundation) in Scotland

- [Frestonia](/source/Frestonia) in London (1970s–1982)[21]

- [New Creation Christian Community](/source/Jesus_Army#New_Creation_Christian_Community) (closed)

- [Tinker's Bubble](/source/Tinker's_Bubble) in England

- [Rubha Phoil](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rubha_Phoil&action=edit&redlink=1) [[wd](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q121068167#sitelinks-wikipedia)] in Scotland[22]

- [Stapleton Colony](/source/Stapleton_Colony) in England (1921–present)[23]

- [Whiteway Colony](/source/Whiteway_Colony)[24][25]

## North America

### Canada

- [Community Farm of the Brethren](/source/Community_Farm_of_the_Brethren), [Bright, Ontario](/source/Blandford-Blenheim)

- [Fort Pitt Farms Christian Community](/source/Fort_Pitt_Farms_Christian_Community) near Lloydminster, [Saskatchewan](/source/Saskatchewan), one of the [Hutterite Christian Communities](/source/Hutterite_Christian_Communities) that exist in Canada and the United States, formerly in Australia as well.

- [Hutterite](/source/Hutterite) colonies, in Alberta, BC and Saskatchewan

- Middle Road Community, Nelson, BC[26]

- [New Oasis for Life Commune](/source/New_Oasis_for_Life_Commune), BC[27]

- [Orthodox Mennonites](/source/Orthodox_Mennonites), horse and buggy Mennonites, with groups in Ontario and Manitoba, Canada, and in the United States but founded in Ontario

- [Poole's Land](/source/Poole's_Land), [Tofino](/source/Tofino), [Vancouver Island](/source/Vancouver_Island), [British Columbia](/source/British_Columbia)

- [Treehouse Village Ecohousing](https://treehousevillage.ca), [Bridgewater, Nova Scotia](/source/Bridgewater%2C_Nova_Scotia)

- [Whole Village](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whole_Village&action=edit&redlink=1), [Alton](/source/Alton%2C_Ontario), [Ontario](/source/Ontario)[28]

- [Yarrow Ecovillage](/source/Yarrow_Ecovillage), [Chilliwack, British Columbia](/source/Chilliwack%2C_British_Columbia)

### United States

#### Midwestern United States

- [Bishop Hill Colony](/source/Bishop_Hill_Colony), Bishop Hill, Illinois, founded by Swedish [pietist](/source/Pietism) [Eric Jansson](/source/Eric_Jansson)

- [Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage](/source/Dancing_Rabbit_Ecovillage), Rutledge, Missouri[29]

- [Dreamtime Village](/source/Dreamtime_Village), West Lima, Wisconsin

- [East Wind Community](/source/East_Wind_Community), Tecumseh, Missouri

- [Elmendorf Christian Community](/source/Elmendorf_Christian_Community), [Mountain Lake, Minnesota](/source/Mountain_Lake%2C_Minnesota)

- [Enright Ridge Urban Ecovillage](/source/Enright_Ridge_Urban_Ecovillage), [Cincinnati, Ohio](/source/Cincinnati%2C_Ohio)[30]

- [The Homestead at Denison University](/source/The_Homestead_at_Denison_University), [Granville](/source/Granville%2C_Ohio), [Ohio](/source/Ohio)

- [Jesus People USA (JPUSA)](/source/Jesus_People_USA), [Chicago](/source/Chicago), [Illinois](/source/Illinois)

- [Nottingham Housing Cooperative](/source/Nottingham_Housing_Cooperative) in Madison, Wisconsin

- [People of Praise](/source/People_of_Praise), South Bend, Indiana

- Project Neighborhood, intentional community ran by [Calvin University](/source/Calvin_University) in Grand Rapids, Michigan.[31][32]

- [Reba Place Fellowship](/source/Reba_Place_Fellowship) is an intentional Christian community located in [Evanston, Illinois](/source/Evanston%2C_Illinois) within the [Chicago metro area](/source/Chicago_metro_area)

- [Stelle](/source/Stelle%2C_Illinois), [Illinois](/source/Illinois), until 1982 an intentional community of the Stelle group

- [Sunrise Colony](/source/Sunrise_Colony), Saginaw, Michigan

- [Sunward Cohousing](/source/Sunward_Cohousing), [Ann Arbor](/source/Ann_Arbor%2C_Michigan), [Michigan](/source/Michigan)

- [Tenacious Unicorn Ranch](/source/Tenacious_Unicorn_Ranch), Colorado

- [Trumbullplex](/source/Trumbullplex), Detroit, Michigan[33]

- [Utopia, Ohio](/source/Utopia%2C_Ohio)[34]

- [Word of God (community)](/source/Word_of_God_(community)), Ann Arbor, Michigan

#### Northeastern United States

- [The Abode of the Message](/source/The_Abode_of_the_Message), [New Lebanon, New York](/source/New_Lebanon%2C_New_York)

- [Bruderhof Communities](/source/Bruderhof_Communities) New York[35]

- [Bryn Gweled Homesteads, Southampton, Pennsylvania](/source/Bryn_Gweled%2C_Pennsylvania)[36][37]

- [Community of Jesus](/source/Community_of_Jesus), Orleans, Massachusetts

- [Mariapolis Luminosa (Focolare)](/source/Focolare_Movement), Hyde Park, New York

- [The Free State Project](/source/The_Free_State_Project), a state where libertarians concentrate their numbers in the state of New Hampshire to influence democracy

- [Ganas](/source/Ganas), [Staten Island](/source/Staten_Island), New York

- [Modern Times](/source/Utopian_Community_of_Modern_Times), Brentwood, New York[38]

- [Mohegan Colony](/source/Mohegan_Colony), Mohegan Lake, New York

- [Rachel Carson EcoVillage](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rachel_Carson_EcoVillage&action=edit&redlink=1), [Pittsburgh](/source/Pittsburgh), Pennsylvania[39]

- [Sabbathday Lake Shaker Village](/source/Sabbathday_Lake_Shaker_Village), New Gloucester, Maine

- [Helicon Home Colony](/source/Helicon_Home_Colony), Englewood, [New Jersey](/source/New_Jersey).([Upton Sinclair](/source/Upton_Sinclair) was a founder)

#### Southern United States

- [Acorn Community](/source/Acorn_Community), Mineral, Virginia[40]

- [Adelphi](/source/Adelphi%2C_Texas), [Texas](/source/Texas)

- Alleluia Community, [Augusta, Georgia](/source/Augusta%2C_Georgia)[41]

- [Believers in Christ, Lobelville](/source/Believers_in_Christ%2C_Lobelville), Tennessee

- [Caneyville Christian Community](/source/Caneyville_Christian_Community), [Caneyville, Kentucky](/source/Caneyville%2C_Kentucky)

- [Celo Community](/source/Celo_Community), [Burnsville](/source/Burnsville%2C_North_Carolina), [North Carolina](/source/North_Carolina), United States

- [The Farm](/source/The_Farm_(Tennessee)), [Summertown](/source/Summertown%2C_Tennessee), [Tennessee](/source/Tennessee)

- [Heathcote Community](/source/Heathcote_Community) Freeland, Maryland[42]

- [Koinonia Farm](/source/Koinonia_Farm), near Americus, Georgia

- [Living energy farm](/source/Living_energy_farm), [Louisa](/source/Louisa%2C_Virginia), [Virginia](/source/Virginia)

- [Miccosukee Land Co-op](/source/Miccosukee_Land_Co-op), Tallahassee, Florida

- [Noah Hoover Mennonites](/source/Noah_Hoover_Mennonite), existing in Belize, Canada, and the United States, but centered on [Scottsville, Kentucky](/source/Scottsville%2C_Kentucky)

- [Paulville](/source/Paulville), Texas, a planned community for supporters of [Ron Paul](/source/Ron_Paul)

- [Serenbe](/source/Serenbe), [Chattahoochee Hills, Georgia](/source/Chattahoochee_Hills%2C_Georgia)

- [Twelve Tribes communities](/source/Twelve_Tribes_communities), existing worldwide but founded in Chattanooga, Tennessee

- [Twin Oaks Community](/source/Twin_Oaks_Community), [Louisa](/source/Louisa%2C_Virginia), [Virginia](/source/Virginia)

- [Vernon Community, Hestand](/source/Vernon_Community%2C_Hestand), Kentucky

- The Werehouse, [Winston-Salem](/source/Winston-Salem%2C_North_Carolina), North Carolina

#### Western United States

- [Alpha Farm](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alpha_Farm&action=edit&redlink=1) [[wd](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q135263939#sitelinks-wikipedia)], [Deadwood, Oregon](/source/Deadwood%2C_Oregon)[43]

- [Avalon Organic Gardens & EcoVillage](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Avalon_Organic_Gardens_%26_EcoVillage&action=edit&redlink=1), founded by the *Global Community Communications Alliance*, [Tumacacori, Arizona](/source/Tumacacori%2C_Arizona)[44][45]

- [Black Bear Ranch](/source/Black_Bear_Ranch), an 80-acre intentional community located in Siskiyou County, California

- [Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone](/source/Capitol_Hill_Autonomous_Zone) (2020)[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

- [Drop City](/source/Drop_City), Colorado

- [Equality Colony](/source/Equality_Colony), Washington[46]

- [Halcyon, California](/source/Halcyon%2C_California)

- [Home](/source/Home%2C_Washington), Washington[46]

- [Kaliflower Commune](/source/Kaliflower_Commune), San Francisco, California

- [Lafayette Morehouse](/source/Lafayette_Morehouse), Lafayette, California

- [Slab City, California](/source/Slab_City%2C_California) (c. 1961–present)[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

- [Stone Curves](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stone_Curves&action=edit&redlink=1), Tucson, Arizona[47]

- [The Seasteading Institute](/source/The_Seasteading_Institute), an attempt to create artificial land in the ocean for libertarian migration. It is trying to build its first seastead in the San Francisco Bay, California.

## Latin America

### Brazil

- [Cecília Colony](/source/Cec%C3%ADlia_Colony)[48]

### Colombia

- [Gaviotas](/source/Gaviotas)

### Mexico

- [Topolobampo](/source/Topolobampo_(colony)), 1886–1896. Led by [Albert Kimsey Owen](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Albert_Kimsey_Owen&action=edit&redlink=1) [[es](https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Kimsey_Owen)].[49]

## See also

- [Cohousing](/source/Cohousing)

- [Communities Directory](/source/Communities_Directory)

- [Cooperatives](/source/Cooperatives)

- [Ecovillage](/source/Ecovillage)

- [Egalitarian Communities](/source/Egalitarian_Communities)

- [Intentional community](/source/Intentional_community)

- [List of American utopian communities](/source/List_of_American_utopian_communities)

- [New Age communities](/source/New_Age_communities)

- [Utopia](/source/Utopia)

- [Utopian socialism](/source/Utopian_socialism)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Awra Amba: the anarcho-feminist utopia that actually works"](https://new-faces-new-places.com/2016/10/03/awra-amba-the-anarcho-feminist-utopia-that-actually-works/). 3 October 2016. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20181011172946/https://new-faces-new-places.com/2016/10/03/awra-amba-the-anarcho-feminist-utopia-that-actually-works/) from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Rosen, Kenneth R. (March 31, 2021). ["Jinwar Women's Village: Carving a Progressive Enclave Amid Syria's Civil War"](https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/jinwar-womens-village-carving-progressive-enclave-amid-syrias-civil-war). *The Washington Institute*. Retrieved 2022-12-05.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Bernard, Michel (July–August 1995). ["Communautes – Jansiac: La Nef des Fous"](https://archive.org/details/silence_192-193/page/n23/mode/2up). *Silence* (in French) (192–193): 24–29. [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0756-2640](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0756-2640).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-What_is_DNS?_2018_4-0)** ["What is DNS?"](https://www.dns-tvind.dk/what-is-dns/). *DNS The Necessary Teacher Training College*. 2018-02-08. Retrieved 2020-08-13.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Official Website of Friland"](http://www.friland.org). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20190104051100/http://www.friland.org/) from the original on 4 January 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["DR Friland"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120913084634/http://www.dr.dk/tv/program/dr-friland). Archived from [the original](http://www.dr.dk/tv/program/dr-friland) on 13 September 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Jan Campbell, The Bookshop Book (2014), p. 141

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** "Dyssekilde eco-community" [https://trap-lex-dk.translate.goog/%C3%98kosamfundet_Dyssekilde?_x_tr_sl=da&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc](https://trap-lex-dk.translate.goog/%C3%98kosamfundet_Dyssekilde?_x_tr_sl=da&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc) accessed June 7, 2025

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Bruderhof – Fellowship for Intentional Community"](http://www.ic.org/directory/bruderhof/). *Fellowship for Intentional Community*. Retrieved 2017-05-24.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Gemeinschaft Mittendrin Leben"](http://www.gemeinschaft-mittendrin-leben.de/) (in German). Retrieved 2025-07-09.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Apoifis_2016_p._158_11-0)** Apoifis, Nicholas (2016). [*Anarchy in athens : an ethnography of militancy, emotions and violence*](https://books.google.com/books?id=Fm-5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT158). Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 158. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-5261-0803-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5261-0803-6). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [989813040](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/989813040).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Crna Gora jes' malena...al će biti libertarijanska?"](https://www.vijesti.me/blogovi/579906/crna-gora-jes-malenaal-ce-biti-libertarijanska). *vijesti.me*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-news.soliclima.com_13-0)** ["Las ecoaldeas en la península ibérica"](https://news.soliclima.com/noticias/articulos/las-ecoaldeas-en-la-peninsula-iberica). *news.soliclima.com* (in Spanish). Retrieved 2023-03-19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ecoaldeas_:_Ecoaldea_Vegetariana_ESPIRAL:_2012_14-0)** ["QUE HACER PARA VISITAR LA ECOALDEA"](https://ecoaldeavegetariana.wordpress.com/para-visitar-la-ecoaldea/) [What to do to visit La Ecoaldea]. *Ecoaldea Vegetariana ESPIRAL* (in Portuguese). 2012-06-20. Retrieved 2023-03-19.[*[better source needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Sanborn, Josh (March 1996), [*Review of Edgerton, William, ed., Memoirs of Peasant Tolstoyans in Soviet Russia*](https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=312), H-Russia, H-Review, [archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180621182444/https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=312) from the original on June 21, 2018, retrieved October 7, 2018

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["Lakabe Ecovillage | GEN sites"](http://sites.ecovillage.org/video/lakabe-ecovillage). *sites.ecovillage.org*. Retrieved 2016-05-12.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["Familiafeliz | .EU"](http://www.familiafeliz.eu). *www.familiafeliz.eu*. Retrieved 2024-04-12.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** ["Resonancia Community on IC.org"](https://www.ic.org/directory/resonancia-community). *ic.org*. Retrieved 15 September 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-NCR-Dodd_19-0)** Dodd, Liz (5 December 2014). ["UK initiatives seek monastic renewal"](https://www.thefreelibrary.com/UK+initiatives+seek+monastic+renewal.-a0393932466). *[National Catholic Reporter](/source/National_Catholic_Reporter)*. Vol. 51, no. 4. Retrieved 15 January 2019 – via [The Free Library](/source/The_Free_Library).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** See "crass retirement cottage," nest magazine #21, summer 2003, pp 106-121

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Harris, John (30 October 2017). ["Freedom for Frestonia: the London commune that cut loose from the UK"](https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/oct/30/frestonia-london-commune-squatters). *The Guardian*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180618152247/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2017/oct/30/frestonia-london-commune-squatters) from the original on 18 June 2018. Retrieved 15 August 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** ["Rubha Phoil |"](https://www.rubhaphoil.org). *www.rubhaphoil.org*. Retrieved 2023-07-31.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Hardy2000_23-0)** Hardy, Dennis (2000). [*Utopian England: Community Experiments, 1900-1945*](https://books.google.com/books?id=YiTBDbHoS7MC&pg=PA181). Psychology Press. p. 181. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-419-24670-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-419-24670-1).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Franks2006_24-0)** Franks, Benjamin (2006). [*Rebel Alliances: The Means and Ends of Contemporary British Anarchisms*](/source/Rebel_Alliances%3A_The_Means_and_Ends_of_Contemporary_British_Anarchisms). [AK Press](/source/AK_Press)/Dark Star. p. 4. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-904859-40-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904859-40-6).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-HeadleyMeulenkamp1999_25-0)** [Headley, Gwyn](/source/Gwyn_Headley); Meulenkamp, Wim (1999). [*Follies, grottoes & garden buildings*](https://books.google.com/books?id=iAkzAQAAIAAJ). Aurum. p. 250. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781854106254](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781854106254).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** "Foundation for Intentional Community" [https://www.ic.org/directory/middle-road-community-the/?srsltid=AfmBOopgkpSjKn-ougHS2vJe2Oo_w04xBu3PCR-TLy2EmZUCrLlf1h-T](https://www.ic.org/directory/middle-road-community-the/?srsltid=AfmBOopgkpSjKn-ougHS2vJe2Oo_w04xBu3PCR-TLy2EmZUCrLlf1h-T)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** ["Lifechanyuan International Family Society"](http://www.smcyinternationalfamily.org/). *Lifechanyuan International Family Society*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** ["Whole Village, an Ecovillage in Caledon Hills"](https://www.wholevillage.org/). Retrieved 2025-01-13.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** ["Dancing Rabbit Ecovillage – Communal Living | Sustainable Living | Community Living"](https://www.dancingrabbit.org/). *www.dancingrabbit.org*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** ["Enright Ridge Urban Ecovillage"](https://www.enrightecovillage.org/). *Enright Ridge Urban Ecovillage*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** ["Project Neighborhood"](https://calvin.edu/residence-life/living-learning-communities/project-neighborhood). *Calvin University*. Retrieved 12 October 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** Calvin Chimes (2 October 2023). ["Project Neighborhood invests in this year's small cohort while planning for the future"](https://calvinchimes.org/2023/10/02/project-neighborhood-invests-in-this-years-small-cohort-while-planning-for-the-future/). Retrieved 12 October 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** Osborne, Domenique (9 November 2002). ["Radically wholesome"](http://www.metrotimes.com/editorial/story.asp?id=3681). *[Metro Times](/source/Metro_Times)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110330063415/http://www2.metrotimes.com/editorial/story.asp?id=3681) from the original on 30 March 2011. Retrieved 13 April 2011.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** Martin, James J. (1970) [1953]. "The Colonial Period: *Utopia* and "Modern Times"". [*Men Against the State: The Expositors of Individualist Anarchism in America, 1827-1908*](https://archive.org/details/menagainststatee00martrich). [Colorado Springs](/source/Colorado_Springs%2C_Colorado): Ralph Myles Publisher. pp. 56–64. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9780879260064](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879260064). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [8827896](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/8827896).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** ["Inside radical christian sect"](https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/inside-uk-christian-sect-members-18414162). *Mirror*. Retrieved 2019-10-26.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** ["Bryn Gweled Homesteads Welcome Page"](http://bryngweled.org/). *bryngweled.org*. Retrieved 2020-01-13.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-37)** Writer, Alan J. Heavens, Inquirer Real Estate (26 April 2015). ["At Bryn Gweled Homesteads, intentionally making a community for 75 years"](https://www.inquirer.com/philly/business/real_estate/20150426_At_Bryn_Gweled_Homesteads__intentionally_making_a_community_for_75_years.html). *The Philadelphia Inquirer*. Retrieved 2020-01-13.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** ["An Experiment in Anarchy: Modern Times, the notorious and short-lived utopian village that preceded Brentwood"](https://web.archive.org/web/20140809191756/http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/WarrenJosiah/hs526a.htm). Archived from [the original](http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/WarrenJosiah/hs526a.htm) on 9 August 2014.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** ["Rachel Carson EcoVillage"](https://rachelcarsonecovillage.org/).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** ["Searching For Happiness In 'Utopia'"](http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/24/utopian-communities_n_4906105.html). *[Huffington Post](/source/Huffington_Post)*. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192022/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/24/utopian-communities_n_4906105.html) from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 11 March 2016. Acorn Community Farm [is] a self-described "farm-based, anarchist, eco-conscienced, secular, egalitarian community"

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** ["Pentecostal Monasticism: Communities of the Spirit Both Past and Potential"](https://spiritualityshoppe.org/pentecostal-monasticism-communities-of-the-spirit-both-past-and-potential/). February 5, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** ["Heathcote Community"](http://www.heathcote.org/cms/). *www.heathcote.org*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Robinson_2019_43-0)** Robinson, Paul (2019-06-03). ["Community at its finest: Alpha Farm provides a tight-knit cooperative outside Eugene"](https://www.dailyemerald.com/arts-culture/community-at-its-finest-alpha-farm-provides-a-tight-knit-cooperative-outside-eugene/article_fe5fbb70-8627-11e9-835f-e37a8959d79b.html). *Daily Emerald*. Retrieved 2023-03-19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Global_Ecovillage_Network_2022_44-0)** ["Avalon Organic Gardens & EcoVillage"](https://ecovillage.org/project/global-community-communications-all-0/). *Global Ecovillage Network*. 2022-03-14. Retrieved 2023-03-19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Blust_2023_45-0)** Blust, Kendal (2023-02-13). ["EcoVillage residents live apart, reach out"](https://www.nogalesinternational.com/news/ecovillage-residents-live-apart-reach-out/article_c679aaec-4261-11e7-83b7-b3912fddac53.html). *Nogales International*. Retrieved 2023-03-19.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-LeWarne_46-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-LeWarne_46-1) LeWarne, Charles Pierce (1975). *Utopias on Puget Sound: 1885–1915*. Seattle: [University of Washington Press](/source/University_of_Washington_Press). pp. 168–226. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0295974443](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0295974443).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Fimbres_2023_47-0)** Fimbres, Gabrielle (2023-03-10). ["Stone Curves turns 10 with strong sense of community"](https://tucson.com/lifestyles/home-and-garden/home/where-we-live/stone-curves-turns-10-with-strong-sense-of-community/article_110b12c8-5285-5cde-bf77-5fb486db83c5.html). *Arizona Daily Star*. Retrieved 2023-03-19.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-48)** [Marshall, Peter H.](/source/Peter_Marshall_(author%2C_born_1946)) (1993). *[Demanding the Impossible: A History of Anarchism](/source/Demanding_the_Impossible)*. [London](/source/London): [Fontana Press](/source/HarperCollins). pp. 507–508. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-00-686245-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-686245-1). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [1042028128](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1042028128). [I]n 1890 Dr Giovanni Rossi, an Italian agronomist, founded in the famous Cecilia colony in Parana one of the first anarchist communities in Latin America.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Matherly_2019_49-0)** Matherly, Sarah Copenhaver (September 2019). [*'The Age of Associated Effort': Communitarian Reform at Topolobampo, Mexico, 1872–1896*](http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01pr76f6344) (PhD thesis). Ann Arbor: Princeton University Department of History. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-6879-8353-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-6879-8353-4). [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [1238021207](https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1238021207).

## External links

- [Foundation for Intentional Community database](https://www.ic.org/directory/)

- [Links to Christian Intentional Communities](https://web.archive.org/web/20110724220657/http://www.newcreation.org.uk/links/)

- [Diggers & Dreamers UK Directory](http://www.diggersanddreamers.org.uk/)

- [Coliven database](https://coliven.com/communities)

- [Gondwana Sanctuary](http://www.gondwanasanctuary.org/)

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [List of intentional communities](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_intentional_communities) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_intentional_communities?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.