# List of Latin-script pentagraphs

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In the [Latin script](/source/Latin_script), [pentagraphs](/source/Pentagraph) are found primarily in [Irish orthography](/source/Irish_orthography). There is one archaic pentagraph in [German orthography](/source/German_orthography), which is found in the English words *[Nie**tzsch**ean](/source/Nietzsche)* and derivatives ([Nietzscheanism](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Nietzscheanism), Nietzscheanist, Nietzscheism, Nietzscheist).

## Examples

### Irish

Used between a [velarized](/source/Velarization) ("broad") and a [palatalized](/source/Palatalization_(phonetics)) ("slender") [consonant](/source/Consonant):

⟨**abhai**⟩, ⟨**obhai**⟩, ⟨**odhai**⟩, and ⟨**oghai**⟩ are used to write /əu̯/ (like [RP](/source/Received_Pronunciation) 'oa' in 'goat'; /oː/ in [Ulster](/source/Ulster_Irish))

⟨**amhai**⟩ is used to write /əu̯/

⟨**adhai**⟩ and ⟨**aghai**⟩ are used to write /əi̯/ (/eː/ in Ulster)

⟨**aidhe**⟩, ⟨**aighe**⟩, ⟨**oidhi**⟩, ⟨**oidhe**⟩, ⟨**oighi**⟩ and ⟨**oidhe**⟩ are used to write /əi̯/

⟨**omhai**⟩ is used to write /oː/

⟨**umhai**⟩ is used to write /uː/

Used between a slender and a broad consonant:

⟨**eabha**⟩ and ⟨**eobha**⟩ used to write /əu̯/ (/oː/ in Ulster)

⟨**eamha**⟩ is used to write /əu̯/

⟨**eadha**⟩ and ⟨**eagha**⟩ are used to write /əi̯/ (/eː/ in Ulster)

⟨**eomha**⟩ is used to write /oː/

Used between two slender consonants:

⟨**eidhi**⟩ and ⟨**eighi**⟩ are used to write /əi̯/:

### Dutch

⟨**sjtsj**⟩ is used as the transcription of the Cyrillic letter Щ, representing the consonant /ɕː/ in [Russian](/source/Russian_language), for example in the name [*Chroesjtsjov*](/source/Khrushchev_(surname)).

### English

⟨**augha**⟩ is used in the [English](/source/English_language) names *[Gaughan](/source/Gaughan)* and *[Vaughan](/source/Vaughan_(disambiguation))* to represent the sound /ɔː/.

### French

⟨**chtch**⟩ is used as the transcription of the Cyrillic letter Щ, representing the consonant /ɕː/ in [Russian](/source/Russian_language), for example in the name [*Khrouchtchev*](/source/Khrushchev_(surname)).

⟨**cques**⟩ is pronounced as /k(ə)/ when the silent plural suffix *-s* is added to the tetragraph *cque* and in the proper name *[Jacques](/source/Jacques)*.

### German

⟨**tzsch**⟩ was once used in German to write the sound /tʃ/ (ch as in cheese). It has largely been replaced by the [tetragraph](/source/Tetragraph) ⟨tsch⟩, but is still found in [proper names](/source/Proper_name) such as [Tzschirner](/source/Heinrich_Gottlieb_Tzschirner), [Nietzsche](/source/Friedrich_Nietzsche), [Fritzsche](/source/Fritzsche_(disambiguation)), and [Delitzsch](/source/Delitzsch).

### St. Lawrence Island Yupik

⟨**ngngw**⟩ is used in the variant of [Central Siberian Yupik language](/source/Central_Siberian_Yupik_language) spoken on [St. Lawrence Island](/source/St._Lawrence_Island) to write the sound /ŋ̊ʷ/ i.e. the [labialized](/source/Labialization) version of the [voiceless velar nasal](/source/Voiceless_velar_nasal). Exaple: "naangngwaaghaquq" ('he/she/it is swimming').[1]

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobson20011-3_1-0)** [Jacobson (2001)](#CITEREFJacobson2001), p. 1-3.

## References

- Jacobson, Steven (2001), *A practical grammar of the St. Lawrence Island / Siberian Yupik Eskimo Language* (second ed.), Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-55500-077-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55500-077-6)

v t e Latin script History Spread Romanization Roman numerals Ligatures Alphabets (list) Classical Latin alphabet ISO basic Latin alphabet Phonetic alphabets International Phonetic Alphabet X-SAMPA Spelling alphabet Letters (list) Letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz Additional Latin letters Æ æ Ɑ ɑ Ʌ ʌ Ꞵ ꞵ Ð ð Ɛ ɛ Ə ə Ǝ ə Ɣ ɣ Ƣ ƣ Ɩ ɩ Ɥ ɥ Ꟛ ꟛ Ŋ ŋ Œ œ Ɔ ɔ Ɤ ɤ Kʼ ĸ Ʀ ʀ ẞ ß Ʃ ʃ Ɯ ɯ Ʊ ʊ Ꞷ ꞷ Ʋ ʋ Ƿ ƿ Ȝ ȝ ϴ θ Ʒ ʒ Ƹ ƹ Þ þ Ȣ ȣ Ꭓ ꭓ Ɂ ʔ ɂ ꟎ ʕ ꟏ ǀ ǁ ǂ ǃ ʘ ʻ ʼ Ꞌ ꞌ Ƨ ƨ Ꜫ ꜫ Ꜭ ꜭ Ƽ ƽ Ƅ ƅ 7 Multigraphs Digraphs Ch Dz Dž Gh IJ Lj Ll Ly Nh Nj Ny Sh Sz Th Trigraphs dzs eau Tetragraphs ough Keyboard layouts (list) QWERTY QWERTZ AZERTY Dvorak Colemak BÉPO Neo Historical standards ISO/IEC 646 Western Latin character sets Current standards Unicode DIN 91379: Unicode subset for Europe Lists Precomposed Latin characters in Unicode Letters used in mathematics, science, and engineering List of typographical symbols and punctuation marks Diacritics Palaeography

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