# List of Bantu languages > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/List_of_Bantu_languages > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/List_of_Bantu_languages.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bantu_languages > Source revision: 1337419445 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) List of languages Bantu Narrow Bantu Geographic distribution Africa, from approximately the equator south Linguistic classification Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Benue–Congo Southern Bantoid Bantu Subdivisions Zones A–S (geographic) Language codes Glottolog narr1281 The approximate locations of the sixteen Guthrie Bantu zones, including the addition of a zone J Following is a list of [Bantu languages](/source/Bantu_languages) as interpreted by [Harald Hammarström](/source/Harald_Hammarstr%C3%B6m), and following the [Guthrie classification](/source/Guthrie_classification).[1] Group Guthrie code ISO code Languages References A10: Lundu-Balong group A11 bdu Batanga (Lotanga, Dotanga, A113), Bima (A112), Koko (Lokoko), Londo ba Diko (A115), Londo (Murundo), Balondo Ba Nanga), Longolo (Ngolo, A111), Lundu, Oroko (A101), Oroko-East, Oroko-West Kuperus 1985: 17-18 A10: Lundu-Balong group A12 bdu Lolue (Barue, Babue, Lue, Balue), Bakundu (A122, Lokundu, Bekunde, Kundu, Nkundu, Lakundu), Western Kundu, Bakundu-Balue, Ekombe (Bekombo, Ekumbe), Mbonge (A121, Mbε) Atta Ebongkome 1993 A10: Lundu-Balong group A13 bwt “Bafaw” (A141, Bafo, Lefo,’Afo), Bafaw-Balong, Balúun, Balong, Ngoe Hedinger 1987 A10: Lundu-Balong group A14 bvg Bongken (Bonkeng, Bonkeng-Pendia, Bonkenge) Hedinger 1987: 132-164 A10: Lundu-Balong group A15A mbo Mbo of Ekanang-Mbouroukou (A15, Mbo of Ekanang-Mbouroukou), Mbo of Mboebo-Kekem (Mbo of Mboébo-Kekem), Mbo of Ngwatta, Mbo, Mbo’o (Mboo), Nlaa Mboo, Nle Mbuu, Melon (Melong, Eho Mbo), Sambo, Santchou, North Eastern Manenguba Hedinger 1987 A10: Lundu-Balong group A15B bsi Mienge (A15, Lower Mbo), Asobse, Bassossi (Nsose, Nswose, Nswase, Swose, Sosi), North-western Manenguba Hedinger 1987 A10: Lundu-Balong group A15C bqz Babong (Ihobe Mbog, Ihobe Mboong), Bafun (Mbwase Nghuy, Miamilo, Pendia), Bakaka (Ehob Mkaa, Mkaa,’ Kaa, Kaka), Balondo (Ehobe Belon), Baneka (Mwaneka), Manehas (Mvae, Mwahed, Mwahet), Ngoten, Eastern Central Manenguba Hedinger 1987 A10: Lundu-Balong group A15 bss Akoose (Akosi, Bakossi, Bekoose, Koose, Kosi, Nkoosi, Nkosi), Elung (Along, Elong, Nlong), Mwambong, Mwamenam (Mouamenam), Ninong (Nninong), Northern Bakossi, Southern Bakossi, Western Bakossi, Nhalemoe, Western Central Manenguba Hedinger 1987 A10: Lundu-Balong group A151 nkc Kinkwa, Nkongho (Lekongo) Hedinger 1987 A20: Duala group A21 bqm Bamboko (Bambuku, Mboko, Womboko, Wumboko) Ebobissé 2014 A20: Duala group A22 bri Bakpwe (Kpe, Mokpe, Mopkwe), Bakueri (Vakweli, Bakwedi, Bakwele, Bakweri, Bakwiri, Bekwiri, Kwedi, Kweli, Kwili, Kwiri), Ujuwa, Vambeng Ebobissé 2014 A20: Duala group A221 bbx Bobe (A221), Bubia (Bobea, Wovea, Wuvia) Ebobissé 2014 A20: Duala group A23 szv Isu (Isu of Fako Division, Isubu, Isuwu, Su, Subu), Bimbia Ebobissé 2014 A20: Duala group A231 kme Kole (Bakole, Bakolle) Ebobissé 2014 A20: Duala group A24 dua Duala (Diwala, Douala, Dualla, Dwala, Dwela), Mongo (A261, Mungo, Mungu, Muungo), Pongo (A26) Ebobissé 2014 A20: Duala group A25 - Ewodi (Oli, Wuri, Ouri, Wuri, Uli, Wouri), Bodiman (Bidiman, Budiman) Ebobissé 2014 A20: Duala group A27 mzd Malimba (Lemba, Limba, Mudima, Mulimba) Lamberty 2009 A30: Bubi-Benga group A31 bvb Bobe (Boobe, Boombe, Bube, Bubi), Adeeyah (Adija, Ediya), Banapa (Banapá), Banni, North Bobe, Southeast Bobe, Southwest Bobe, Ureka Tessmann 1923 A30: Bubi-Benga group A32 bnm Batanga (Batanga at Fifinda, Tanga, A32C), Balangi of Great Batanga, Bano’o (Bano’o, Banoho, Banoo, Noho, Nohu, Noko, A32a, Noku), Bapoko (Bapuku, Bapuu, Poko, Puku, A32B) Ebobissé 2014 A30: Bubi-Benga group A33a yko Yasa (Iyasa, Iyassa, Lyaasa, Yassa) Ebobissé 2014 A30: Bubi-Benga group A33b nui Kombe (Combe, Kombe, Ngumbi) Fernandez Galilea 1951 A30: Bubi-Benga group A34 bng Benga, Boumba, Ndowe Idiata 2007; Salvadó y Cos 1891 A40 A41 bbi Balombi (Barombi, Barumbi, Lambi, Lombe, Lombi, Rambi, Rombi) Lamberty 2002 A40 A42 abb Abaw (Abo, Bo, Bon), Bankon (Bankong, Mankon) Lamberty 2002 A40 A43a bas Basa (Basaa, Bassa, Basso, Bisaa, Mbele (Mvele), Mbene, South Kogo (A43c) Bitjaa Kody 1988 A40 A43b bkh Bakoko (Kogo, A43c), Adie (Basoo Ba Die, Basoo D’edea, Elog Mpoo), Adiangok), Mbang (Dimbambang), Yabyang (Yabyang-Yapeke), Yakalak (Yakalag), Yapoma, Yassuku (Yasoukou, Yasuku, Yasug) Dodo-Bounguendza 1988 A40 A44 tvu Nen (Banen, Tunen), Aling’a (A441, Alinga, Tuling, Eling) Mous and Breedveld 1986 A40 A45 nvo Nyo’o (Nyõ’õ, Nyo’on, Nyokon, Njokon), Fung (Hung) Mous and Breedveld 1986 A40 A46 lem Lemande (Mande, Mandi, Nomaande, Noomaante, Numaand, Numand) Mous and Breedveld 1986 A40 A461 ttf Bonek (Ponek), Otomb (Tuotom, Tuotomb, Tuotomp) Mous and Breedveld 1986 A40 A462 yat Yambeta (Yambetta) Mous and Breedveld 1986 A50: Bafia group A501 hij Hijuk Bradley 1992a A50: Bafia group A51 lfa Lefa’ (Fak, Lefa, Fa’), Balom Mbongue 1999 A50: Bafia group A52 dii Kaalong (Kalong, Lakaalong), Lambong (Mbong, Bumbong, Dimbong) Dieu and Renaud 1983 A50: Bafia group A53 ksf Kpa (Bekpak, Rikpa’), Bafia Guarisma 2000 A50: Bafia group A54 ngy Tibea, (Zangnte, Djanti, Njanti, Minjanti), Ngayaba Bradley 1992b A60 A601 bag Tuki (Baki, Ki, Oki), Tiki, Bacenga (A601F, A64, Batchenga, Tocenga, Cenga), Mbere (A601G, Mvele, Tumbele, Bamvele, Bambele, Mbele), Ngoro (A601A, A61, Tu Ngoro), Aki, Uki, Cangu (A601B, Tucangu), Kombe (A601C, Wakombe, Tukombe, Bakombe), Tsinga (A601D, Tutsingo, Chinga, Betsinga, Betzinga, Tsingo, Batsingo), Tonjo (A601E, Bondjou, Bounjou, Bunju, Bounjou) Biloa 2013 A60 A62A yav Yangben, Central Yambassa, Kalong (Nukalonge) Paulian 1986 A60 A62B mmu Mmaala (Mmala, Numaala) Paulian 1986 A60 A62C ekm Elip (Belibi, Belip, Libie, Nulibie (A62C, Nulibié), Nulipie) Paulian 1986 A60 A621 baf Baca (Nu Baca, Nubaca), Southern Yambassa Paulian 1986 A60 A622 yas Gounou (Gunu, Nu Gunu, Nugunu), Gunu Nord, Gunu SudNugunu Paulian 1986 A60 A623 mlb Mbule (Dumbule, Mbola, Mbule of Cameroon, Mbure) Boone 1992 A60 A63 leo Leti (A63) Dieu and Renaud 1983; Biloa 2013: 37-38 A60 A65 btc Bati (Bati Ba Ngong, Bati de Brousse, Pati) Grant 1992 A70 A71 eto/mct Eton (Iton), Northern Eton (Iton Ekwe, Lower Eton), Southern Eton (Upper Eton, Iton Nke), Mengisa (Mengissa) van de Velde 2008; Geslin-Houdet 1984 A70 A72(a) ewo Ewondo (Ewundu), Badjia (A72c, Bakjo, Bakja), Bafeuk, Yesoum (Yezum, Yesum), Fok (Fök, Fong), Jaunde (Yaounde, Yaunde), Mvete (A72b, Mvele, Mwele), Mvog-Niengue, Omvang, Yabeka, Yabekanga, Yabekolo (Yebekolo), Yangafek (A72d), Evuzok, Bané Essono 2000 A70 A73a beb Bamvele (Bebele, Bembele), Eki, Manyok Djomeni 2014 A70 A73b bxp Gbigbil, Bobili Wega Simeu 2004b; Dugast 1949: 88-89 A70 A74 bum Bulu (A74a, Boulou, Bulu), Bene (A74b) Alexandre and Binet 1958 A70 A75 fan Fang (Fan), Pangwe, Pahouin, Atsi (Batsi, A75D), Make (Meke, A75C), Mveny (A75F), Ntum (Ntumu, A75A), Nzaman (Zaman, A75E), Okak (A75B), South-West Fang (A751) Alexandre and Binet 1958; Andeme Allogo 1985; Wilson 1849; Alexandre 1965 A80 A801 gyi Bagielli (Bagiele, Bagyele, Bagyeli, Bajele, Bajeli, Bogyel, Bogyeli, Bondjiel, Giele, Gieli, Gyele, Gyeli, Gélé), Bapindi, Bakola Rénaud 1976 A80 A802 ukh Ukhwejo (Ukwedjo) Thornell 2009 A80 A803 - Shiwa (Swa, Shiwe, Oshieba), “Fang Makina” Idiata 2007 A80 A81 nmg Kwasio, Mabea (Mabi, Magbea), Mvumbo, Ngoumba (Ngumba), Bujeba Echegaray 1960 A80 A82 sox So (Emvane So, Melan So, Shwo, Sô, Sso) Bradley and Bradley 1992 A80 A83 mcp Makaa (Mekaa), South Makaa (South Mekaa), Bebend (A83A, Bebent), Mbwaanz (A83B), (A831), Sekunda (A83C, Shekunda, Shikunda Cheucle 2014 A80 A831 mkk Byep, North Makaa, Maka (Makya, Meka, Mekae, Mekay, Mekey, Mekye, Mika, Moka) Etter 1988 A80 A832 biw Kol (Bekol, Bikele, Bikele-Bikay, Bikele-Bikeng, Bikeng, Bokol), Kol North, Kol South Henson 2007 A80 A84 njy Njyem (Djem, Dzem, Ndjem, Ndjeme, Ndzem, Ngyeme, Njem, Njeme, Nyem) Cheucle 2014 A80 A842 ozm Koonzime (Koozhime, Koozime, Nzime, Zimu, Djimu, Dzimou, Kooncimo), Badwe’e (A841, Bajwe’e, Badjoue, Bajue, Badwe’e) Cheucle 2014 A80 A85 bkw Bekwel (A85b, Bakouli, Bakwel, Bakwele, Bakwil, Bekwil), Konabem (A85a, Nkumabem, Nkonabeeb, Konabem, Kunabeeb, Konabembe, Kunabembe) Beavon and Johnson 2011 A80 A86b mgg Mpompon (Mpongmpong, Mpopo, Mpumpoo, Pongpong, Bombo, Mbombo, Mpompo), Bageto (Northern Bangantu, Baagato, Bangantu), Medjime (A86a, Menzime, Mendzime, Medzime, Mezime), Mpomam (Boman, Mboman) Johnson and Beavon 1989 A80 A86c mcx Mpiemo (Bimu, Mbimou, Mbimu, Mbyemo, Mpyemo), Bidjuki (Bidjouki) Thornell 2004 A80 A87 bmw Bomali (Bomwali, Boumali, Boumoali, Bumali), Lino, Sangasanga (Sangha-Sangha, Sanghasangha) Bruel 1911 A80 - - Klieman 1997 Köhler 1964 A90: Kaka group A91 kwu Abakoum (Abakum, Akpwakum, Bakum, Kpakum, Kum/Bakum, Kwakum, Pakum), Til, Bheten, Baki Belliard 2007 A90: Kaka group A92 pmm Pol (A92a, Polri, Pori), Kinda Pol, Asum Pol, Pomo (A92b), Boungondjo, Kweso (A92C) Ballif 1977; Wega Simeu 2012 A90: Kaka group A93 kkj Kako (Bokaka, Kaka, Kaka-Kadei, Mkako), Kako du Gabon Medjo Mvé 2009 B10: Myene group B11 mye Myene (Omyene), Adjumba (B11d, Ajumba, Adyumba, Dyumba), Enenga (B11F), Galwa (B11c, Galua, Galloa, Galoa), Mpongwe (Npongué, Mpongwé, Npongwe, Pongoué, B11a, Mpongoué, Mpungwe), Nkomi (N’komi, B11e), Orungu (B11b, Rungu, Rongo) Jacquot 1983 B20: Kele group B201 nda Ndasa (Ndasha, Andasa, Undaza) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B20: Kele group B202 sxe Sighu (Sigu, Lesighu, Lisighu, Lisiwu) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B20: Kele group B203 syx Osamayi (Sama, Samay, Samaye, Shamay, Shamaye, Shamayi) Matimi 1998; Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B20: Kele group B204 nxo Ndambomo (Ndambono) Mvé 2013 B20: Kele group B21 syi Seki (Baseque, Seke, Seki-ani, Baseke, Sekiana, Sekiani, Sekiyani, Sekyani, Seseki, Sheke, Shekiyana), Bulu Alewijnse et al. 2007; Echegaray 1959a; Idiata 2007 B20: Kele group B211 bxc Molengue (Alengue, Alengué, Balengue) Alengue (Alengué), Balengue, Molendji, Molengue Echegaray 1959b; de Granda Gutiérrez 1984 B20: Kele group B22a keb Kele (Akele, Kélé, Dikele, Kili), Metombolo (B205, Metombola), Western Kele Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B20: Kele group B22b nra Angom (Ngom, Ongom, Ungom, Ngomo, Bangom, Bangomo), Bakoya variant of Bungom Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; Medjo Mvé no date; Medjo Mvé 2011 B20: Kele group B22c see B305 B20: Kele group B22D - Tombidi (Muntumbudie, Ntumbidi, Tumbidi) Idiata 2007; Alewijnse et al. 2007 B20: Kele group B22E - Mwesa (Mesa, Yesa) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B20: Kele group B23 zmn Mbangwe, Mbaouin (M’Bahouin) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B20: Kele group B24 wum Wumbu (Wumbvu, Wumvu) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B20: Kele group B25 koq Kota (Ikota, Ikuta, Kotu) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B20: Kele group B251 sak Asake (Sake, Shake) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B20: Kele group B252 mhb Mahongwe Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B30: Tsogo group B301 gev Viya (Avija, Evia, Eviya, Gevia, Geviya, Ia (γe-βia), Ivea, Ivéa) Idiata 2007; Alewijnse et al. 2007 B30: Tsogo group B302 sbw Simba (E-Himba, γe-himba, Gehimba, Ghehimba, Ghehimbaka, Himba, Himbaka) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; 2007 B30: Tsogo group B304 pic Pinzi (Apindje, Apindji, Apindzi, Apingi, Apinji, E-Pinzi (γe-pinzi), Gapinji, Ghepinzi, Pindji, Pinji) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B30: Tsogo group B305 buw Vove (B22C, Mpovi, Ge-Vove, Gevove, Ghevove, Pove), “Bubi” (Bhubhi, Ibhubhi, Ibubi, Pubi) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B30: Tsogo group B31 tsv Tsogo (Getsogo, Ghetsogo, Itsogho, Mitsogo, γe-tsγ), Babongo-Tsogo (B303, Ebongwe, Bongwe of Raponda-Walker, Ebongo) Idiata 2007; Raponda Walker 1937 B30: Tsogo group B32 kbs Kande (Kanda, O-Kande, Okande) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B40: Shira-Punu group B401 bwz Bwisi (I-Bwisi, Ibwiisi, Ibwisi, Mbwisi) Jacquot 1978; Bastin et al. 1999; Yenguitta 1991 B40: Shira-Punu group B402 bbg Barama (γi-βarama, Bavarama, Ghibarama, Gibarama, Givarama, Varama), Bwali (B411) Idiata 2007; Alewijnse et al. 2007; Bastin et al. 1999 B40: Shira-Punu group B403 vum Vungu (Givoungou, Vumbu, Vungu, Givungu), Yivoumbou Idiata 2007 B40: Shira-Punu group B404 - Ngubi (Ngove) Idiata 2007; Puèch 1988; Aleko and Puèch 1988; Agadji Ayele 2002: 79-83 B40: Shira-Punu group B41 swj Shira (Eshira, Ashira, Gisir, Gisira, Ichira, Ishira, Isira, Shire, Sira, Yichira) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B40: Shira-Punu group B42 snq Sangu (Ashango, Chango, I-Sangu, Isangu, Massangu, Shango, Yisangou, Yisangu), Babongo-Sangu Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; Bonhomme et al. 2012 B40: Shira-Punu group B43 puu Punu (Ipunu, Pouno, Pounou, Puno, Punu, Yipounou, Yipunu), Babongo-Rimba Alewijnse et al. 2007; Andersson 1983; Idiata 2007 B40: Shira-Punu group B44 lup Lumbu (Baloumbou, Ilumbu, Lumbu, Yilumbu), Igama Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007; Klieman 2003 B50: Nzebi group B501 wdd Wanzi (Bawandji, Liwanzi, Wandji) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B50: Nzebi group B503 - Vili (Ivili, Bavili de la Ngouié) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B50: Nzebi group B51 dma Duma (Adouma, Aduma, Liduma, Badouma, Douma) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B50: Nzebi group B52 nzb Njebi (Injebi, Inzebi, Bandzabi, Ndjabi, Ndjevi, Njabi, Njavi, Nzebi, Yinjebi, Yinzebi), Ibongo-Nzebi, Yangho (B603) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Mouele 1997; Klieman 2003; Idiata 2007 B50: Nzebi group B53 tsa Tsaangi (Icaangi, Itsangi, Itsengi, Tcengui, Tchangui, Tsaangi, Tseengi, Tsengi), Mwele (B502) Idiata 2007; Mouele 1997 B60: Mbete group B602 kzo Bakanike (Bakaningi, Likaningi, Kaningi, Lekaningi) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B60: Mbete group B61 mdt Mbete (Limbede, Mbede, Mbédé, Mbere, Mbété), Nkomo-Kelle, Nkomo-Ololi, Obaa, Oyuomi Mbama, Oyuomi Tcherre, Yaba-Mbeti Idiata 2007; Lane 1989 B60: Mbete group B62 mbm Mbaama (B601, Obamba, Ombamba, Lembaama, Lembaamba, Lim-Bamba, M-Bamba, Mbama, Mbamba), Liweme, Sibiti, Mpini, Ndouba, Obeli, Oyabi Idiata 2007; Lane 1989 B60: Mbete group B63 nmd Dumu (Ondoumbo, Ondumbo, Lindumu, Mindoumou, Mindumbu, Minduumo, Lendumu, Ndumu, Ndumbo, Ndumbu, Ndumu, Nduumo, Bandoumou, Doumbou, Dumbu), Epigi, Kanandjoho, Kuya, Nyani (Nyangi) Idiata 2007; Lane 1989 B70: Teke group B701 tck Tsitsege (Latsitsege, Lintsitsege, Tchitchege) Alewijnse et al. 2007; Idiata 2007 B70: Teke group B71 teg Teghe (Tege, Iteghe, Latege) Keteghe (Kali, B71A, Ketego), Katege (B71B, Kateghe, Njining’i, Nzikini), Teke of Gabon, Teke of the Upper Alima Adam 1954 B70: Teke group B72 ngz Northeastern Teke, Engungwel (B72a, Ngungwel, Ngangoulou, Ngangulu, Ngungulu), Mpu (Mpumpum), Mpumpu, B72b) Rurangwa 1982; Bouka 1989b B70: Teke group B73a tyi Tsaayi (Caayi, Getsaayi, Tsaya, Tsaye, Tsayi) Jacquot 1978 B70: Teke group B73b lli Laali (Gibongo-Ilaali, Ilaali) Klieman 1997; Bouka 1989b B70: Teke group B73c iyx Yaa (Bayaka, Iyaka, Yaka, Ibongo-Iyaa) Mouandza (2002) Klieman 1997; Bouka 1989b B70: Teke group B73d tyx Tyee (Tye, Tee, Teke-Tyee), Kwe Bouka 1989b; Nkara 2007 B70: Teke group B74 ebo/nzu Central Teke, Teke-Eboo (B74b, Boma, Babuma, Bamboma, Boo, Boõ, Eboom, Iboo), Nzikou (B74a, Ndzindziu, Njiunjiu, Njyunjyu, Nzinzu, Enjyunjyu) Raharimanantsoa 2012; Nsuka Nkutsi 1990 B70: Teke group B75–6 tek Bali (Ambali, Ibali Teke, Ibali), Kiteke (B76, East Teke, Mosieno, Ng’ee, Bamfunuka), Nunu (B822, B80Nu) Sims 1886: i-xii Bastin 1978; Boone 1973: 295-306; Bastin et al. 1999 B70: Teke group B77a kkw Kukuya (Chikuya, Cikuya, Kikuwa, Koukouya, Kukua, Kukuya, Kukwa) Paulian 1975 B70: Teke group B77b ifm Fumu (Fuumu, Mfumu, Ifuumu, Teke du Pool), Wuumo (B78, Ewuumo, Wũ, Mpuon (Mpuono, B84A), Mpuun (B84B) Calloc’h 1911; Jacquot 1965; Makouta-Mboukou 1977; Bastin et al. 1999: 13; 183; 193; 202 B80: Tiene-Yanzi B81 tii Tiene (Kitiene, Kitiini, Tende, Tiene), Nunu (C31C, Banunu, Kenunu) Motingea Mangulu 2004; Ellington 1977; Hulstaert 1951: 32-33 B80: Tiene-Yanzi B82 boh Boma (Kiboma, Boma Kasai, Buma) Hochegger 1972 B80: Tiene-Yanzi B821 - Mpe (Kempee) Detienne 1984; Bastin et al. 1999: 202 B80: Tiene-Yanzi B83 zmf Mfinu (Funika, Emfinu, Mfununga), Ntsiam, Ntswar Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973 B80: Tiene-Yanzi B84 see B77b B80: Tiene-Yanzi B85 yns Yans (Yanzi), West Yansi (B85a, Mbien), East Yans (B85b), Yeei (B85c) Mayanga 1985: 1-22; Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014 B80: Tiene-Yanzi B85d soo Nsong (Tsong), Mpiin (B863) Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973 B80: Tiene-Yanzi B864 noq Ngongo (Ngong, Ngoongo) Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973; Torday and Joyce 1907 B80: Tiene-Yanzi B85F (= L12a) smx Ntsambaan (Sambaan) Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973; Maes 1934 B80: Tiene-Yanzi B86 diz Dzing (Di, Din, Ding, Dinga), Mpur (B85e, Mput) Boone 1973; Muluwa and Bostoen 2015; Mertens 1939 B80: Tiene-Yanzi B861 nlo Ngul (Banguli, Ingul, Ngoli, Ngul, Nguli, Ngulu), Ngwi Maes 1934; Boone 1973; Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014 B80: Tiene-Yanzi B862 - Lwel (Balori) Khang Levy 1979; Maes 1934; Koni Muluwa and Bostoen 2011 B80: Tiene-Yanzi B865 - Nzadi (Bandjari) Maes 1934; Crane et al. 2011; Boone 1973 B80: Tiene-Yanzi B87 zmp Mbuun (Mbunda, Kimbuun, Gimbunda, Ambuun) Bostoen and Koni Muluwa 2014; Boone 1973 C10 C101 bvx Babole (Dibole), Dzeke, Ebambe, Edzama, Kinami, Mossengue, Mounda Gardner 1990; Leitch 2004 C10 C102 ngd Ngando (Bagandou, Bangandou, Dingando, Mouna-Bagandou) Bodzanga, Dikota (C103, Kota), Dikuta, Ngando-Kota, Bodzanga Périquet 1915; Bouquiaux and Thomas 1994; Guillaume and Delobeau 1978 C10 C104 axk Aka (Yaka, Aka de la Lobaye), Benzele (Bendjelle, Mbenzele), ‘Babinga’ Bruel 1911; Bahuchet 1989 C10 C105 - Mikaya, Bambengangale, Baluma Klieman 1997; Thomas and Bahuchet 1991 C10 C11 ndn Goundi (Gundi, Ingundi, Ngondi, Ngundi) Ouzilleau 1911; Périquet 1915 C10 C12 bkj Pande (C12a, Ipande), Bukongo (C12b, Bogongo, Gongo) Ouzilleau 1911; Bruel 1911; Périquet 1915; Hauser 1954 C10 C13 mdn Mbati, Isongo (Issongo, Lisongo, Lissongo) Guillaume and Delobeau 1978; Mbalanga 1996; Bouquiaux and Thomas 1994 C10 C14 zmx Bomitaba (Mbomotaba), Itanga Gardner 1990 C10 C143 bok Bonjo (Mbonzo), Impfondo (C143) Gardner 1990; Samarin 1984; Hauser 1954 C10 C15 bui Bongili ([E18], Bongili-Pikounda, Bongiri, Bungili, Bungiri), Inyele (C141), Bondongo (C142) Motingea Mangulu 2008; Gardner 1990; Hauser 1954 C10 C16 loq Lobala, Likoka, Tanda Gardner 1990; Hauser 1954 C10 C16 bkp Boko (Iboko) Motingea Mangulu 1996 C10 C161 bml Bomboli de Boeck 1948 C10 C162 bzo Bozaba (Budjaba, Budzaba, Buzaba) de Boeck 1948 C20: Mboshi C21 (= C23) mdu Mboko (Mboxo, Mbuku), Ngare (Ngáre) Ndinga Oba 2003 C20: Mboshi C22 akw Akwa (Akwá) Ndinga Oba 2003; Aksenova and Toporova 2002 C20: Mboshi C24 koh Koyo (Ekoyo, Kouyou, Koyó) Ndinga Oba 2003; Poupon 1919 C20: Mboshi C25 mdw Mbosi (C25A, Embosi, Mbochi, Mboshi, Mboshe, Mbonzi), Olee (C25B), Ondinga (C25C), Ngolo (C25D), Eboi (C25E) Fontaney 1989: 87-89; Ndinga Oba 2003 C20: Mboshi C26 kwc Kouala (Likouala, Ekwala, Kwala, Likwala, Likwála) Ndinga Oba 2003 C20: Mboshi C27 kxx Kuba (Likuba), Bwenyi (C201, Buegni) Ndinga Oba 2003; Adoua 1981 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C302 bzm Bolondo de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 2002: 149-150 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C31a biz Loi (Baloi, Boloi), Makutu, Likila, Mampoko, Mpundza (C36c, Mbudza, Mpundza) de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C311 mmz Mabale (Mabaale, Lomabaale), Mabembe Motingea Mangulu 1996 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C312 ndw Ndobo (Ndoobo) Motingea Mangulu 1990a; de Boeck 1948 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C313 - Litoka Motingea Mangulu 1996 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C314 lie Balobo de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C32 bni Bangi (Bobangi, Bubangi, Lobobangi) Whitehead 1899 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C32 (= C38) mow Moi (Lemoi, Moyi, Moye), Liku, Rebu Motingea Mangulu and Biako Montanga Mayika 2016 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C321 liz Binza (Libindja, Libinja, Libinza]) van Leynseele 1977; Motingea Mangulu 1996 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C322 - Zamba (C322, Dzamba, Jamba) de Boeck 1948; Kamanda Kola 1991 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C323 - Mpama Motingea Mangulu 1996; Hulstaert 1984 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C33 szg Sengele (Kesengele, Sengere) Hulstaert 1951; Motingea Mangulu 2001 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C34 skt Sakata (C34A), Djia (C34B, Dja, Dia, Kidjia, Wadia), Bai (C34C, Kibay, Kibai), Tuku-Ketu-Batow (C34D) Tylleskär 1987 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C35a nto Ntomba (Lontomba, Luntumba, Ntumba), Sakani (C35C, Lotsakani, Sakanyi) Mamet 1955; Hulstaert 1993 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C35b bli Bolia (Bulia) Mamet 1960 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C36 lse Lusengo (Losengo), Poto (C36a, Pfoto, Yakata), Mpesa (C36b, Limpesa), Kangana (C36f), Enga (C315, Baenga, Bolombo), Eleku Motingea Mangulu 2008; Motingea Mangulu 1993a; Motingea Mangulu 1996 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C36e bkt Boloki (Baloki, Boleki, Buluki), Ngala (C36d, Mangala) Motingea Mangulu 2002; Motingea Mangulu 1996 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C36g ndl Ndolo (Ndoolo), Kula (C415, Likula) de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C37 bja Budja (Buja, Ebudja, Budza, Ebuja, Embudja, Embuja, Limbudza, Mbudja, Mbuza), Bosambi, Mbila, Monzamboli, Yaliambi Motingea Mangulu 1996 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C371 tmv Tembo (Motembo, Litembo) de la Mongala, Motembo des grandes îles du Fleuve, Motembo septentrional (C374, Buja, Babale de Bosô-Njanoa), Kunda (C372, Motembo de Budzala, Motembo de la rivière Mbanga) Motingea Mangulu 1996 C30: Bangi-Ntomba C373 - Egbuta Motingea Mangulu 2003 C40: Ngombe group C401 pae Pagibete (Apagibete, Apagibeti, Apakabeti, Apakibeti, Pagabete) Boone and Olson 2004; Reeder 1998 C40: Ngombe group C403 kty Kango (Bacango, Kango of Bas-Uélé District, Likango) McMaster 1988; de Calonne-Beaufaict 1912 C40: Ngombe group C41 ngc Ngombe (Lingombe), Ngombe of the Congo river (C41A), Ngombe at Bosobolo (C41B, North Ngombe), Ngombe at Libenge (C41C, North-West Ngombe), Binza (C41D, East Ngombe) Motingea Mangulu 1988; Motingea Mangulu 1996; de Rop 1960; Burssens 1958: 32-36 C40: Ngombe group C411 bws Bomboma, Bangiri, Likaw (Likao), Lingundu (Lingonda), Ebuku de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996 C40: Ngombe group C412 bmg Bamwe, Libobi, Lifonga, Likata de Boeck 1948; Motingea Mangulu 1996 C40: Ngombe group C413 dzn Dzando (Djando), Ngiri (C31b) Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 73-74; de Boeck 1948 C40: Ngombe group C414 lgz Gendja (Gendza-Bali, Ligendza, Ligenza) Motingea Mangulu 2001; Vanhouteghem 1947 C40: Ngombe group C42 bwl Bwela (Buela, Ebwela), Doko around Lisala (C301), Lingi Motingea Mangulu 1996 C40: Ngombe group C44 bww Bwa (Boa, Boua, Bobwa, Kibua, Kibwa, Leboale, Libua, Libwali), Yewu (C402), Leangba, Baati (C43A, Bati, Lebaati), Benge (C43B, Libenge, Mobenge), Boganga (C43C, Boyanga), Ligbe (C43D) Boone and Olson 2004; Motingea Mangulu 2005; Czekanowski 1924; Halkin and Viaene 1911; McMaster 1988; Bostoen and Grégoire 2007 C40: Ngombe group C441 bbm Bango (Babango, Mobango, Southwest Bwa Motingea Mangulu 1995; Motingea Mangulu 1995: 5 C40: Ngombe group C45 agh Ngelima (Kingbelima, Bangalema, Bangelima), Beo (C45A, Lebeo), Buru (C45B), Tungu (C45C) Gérard 1924 C50: Soko-Kele group C502 - Elinga (Loselinga) Motingea Mangulu 1994a C50: Soko-Kele group C51 zms Mbesa ([E18], Mobesa, Mombesa) Hulstaert 1951; de Boeck 1951 C50: Soko-Kele group C52 soc So (Basoko, Eso, Gesogo, Heso, Soa, Losoko) Czekanowski 1924; Harries 1955; Bastin et al. 1999: 208 C50: Soko-Kele group C53 pof Poke (Pfoke, Poke, Puki, Tofoke, Topoke, Tovoke) Torday and Joyce 1922; Bastin et al. 1999: 208 C50: Soko-Kele group C54 loo Lombo (Olombo, Tu-Rumbu, Turumbu, Ulumbu) Carrington 1947 C50: Soko-Kele group C55 khy/fom Kele (Ekele, Lokele, Kili, Likelo, Lokele), Yakusu, Foma (C56, Fuma, Li-Foma, Lofoma)11 Likile (C501) Carrington 1943; Bastin et al. 1999: 208 C60: Mongo-Nkundo C61 lol/ymg Mongo (Lomongo, Bololo, Lolo), Nkundo (Lonkundo, Lokonda, Nkundu, Nkundo-Twa), Bakutu (C61A), Bokote (C61B, Bokote Tswa, Ngata, Wangata), Booli (C61C), Bosaka (C61D, Bolandá), Konda (C61E, Ekonda, Ekonda-Bosanga, Ekonda-Twa), Ekota (C61F), Emoma (C61G), Ikongo (C61H, Lokalo-Lomela), Iyembe (C61I, Iyembe de la Lokolo), Ntomba (C61J, Lionje, Nsongo, Bikoro), Yamongo (C61K), Mbole (C61L, Nkengo, Yenge, Yongo, Bosanga-Mbole, Mangilongo, Lwankamba, Lonkembe, Liinja), Nkole (C61M), South Mongo (C61N, Belo, Bolongo, Acitu, Panga), Yailima (C61O, Yalima, Yajima), Ngombe-Lomela (C61P, Longombe, Ngome à Múná), Kitwa-Inongo, Ndombe Tswa, Nkundo Batswa, Twa of Ekonda, Mpombo (C351, Mpombo), Yamongeri (C36H)13 Engels (1911), Hiernaux et al. (1976), Hulstaert (1948), Hulstaert (1999), Motingea Mangulu (1994b), Müller (1964), Nsenga Diatwa (2009) C60: Mongo-Nkundo C611 - Bafotó, Batswa de l’Equateur Hulstaert 1978 C60: Mongo-Nkundo C63 nxd/lal Bongando (Longandu, Ngando, Ngandu), Lalia (C62) Hulstaert 1987 C60: Mongo-Nkundo C70 lal C50: Soko-Kele group C71 hba Hamba Kasongo 1993; Labaere and Shango 1989 C50: Soko-Kele group C71 tll Tetela (Otetela, Batetela), Batetela du Nord, Otetela-Olembe, Sungu Batetela Labaere and Shango 1989; Jacobs 1964: 9-12 C50: Soko-Kele group C72 ksv Kusu (Bakusu, Kikusu), Kusu of Kimbombo Motingea Mangulu 1989; Jacobs 1964: 9-12 C50: Soko-Kele group C73 nkw Nkutu (Ankfucu, Bankutu, Nkuchu, Nkutshu, Lonkutshu, Lonkucu) Jacobs and Omeonga 2004; Hulstaert 1951: 23; Motingea Mangulu 1989 C50: Soko-Kele group C74/C75 yel/kel Yela (C74, Boyela), Kela (C75) Hulstaert 1942; 1999 C50: Soko-Kele group C76 oml Ombo (Hombo, Loombo) Meeussen 1952 C50: Soko-Kele group C80 oml C50: Soko-Kele group C81 dez Dengese (Ndengese, Londengese), Nkutu Hulstaert 1951; Goemaere 1984 C50: Soko-Kele group C82 soe Hendo (Ohendo, Lohendo, Ohendo), “Songomeno,” Hendo Hulstaert 1951; Motingea Mangulu 1990b C50: Soko-Kele group C83 buf Bushoong (Bushong, Bushongo, Busoong), Bakuba (Kuba, Bacuba), Batwa du Kasayi, Cwa du royaume Kuba), Ngeende (C83A, Ngende, Ngendi), Ngongo (C83B), Pyaang (C83C, Pianga, Piong, Panga), Shuwa (C83D, Shobwa, Shoba, Loshoobo) Hiernaux 1966; Vansina 1959: 5 C50: Soko-Kele group C84 lel Lele (Bashilele, Usilele) Douglas 1963; Maes 1934; Boone 1973 C50: Soko-Kele group C85 won Wongo (Bawongo), Gongo (Bakong, Tukkongo, Tukongo, Tukungo) Maes 1934; Boone 1973 D10 D11 mdq Mbole (Lombole, Mbole of the Lomami), Yaikole, Yaisu, Yangonda, Lokaló de la haute Jwafa, Langa (C701) Motingea Mangulu 1993b; de Rop 1971; Hulstaert 1988 D10 D12 lej Lengola (Kilengola, Lengora) Stappers 1971 D10 D13 zmq Mituku (Metoko, Kinya-Mituku) Stappers 1973; McMaster 1988 D10 D14 gey Enya (Genya, Tsheenya, Wagenya), Baena, Enya at Kisangani (D14A), Enya at Kongolo (D14B) Spa 1973 D10 - - Mokpá, Bamanga Belueli, Pygmies of the Apare river Rundi Kitwa, Batwa of Burundi Kwandu Ngendelengo Motingea Mangulu 1990; Vorbichler 1964; Schebesta 1953; van der Burgt 1902; Jordan 2015; Laranjo Medeiros 1981; Jordan 2015; Laranjo Medeiros 1981 D20: Lega-Holoholo D201 lik Liko (Lika, Balika, Kilika, Liliká, Lilikó) van Geluwe 1960; Harvey 1997 D20: Lega-Holoholo D21 bcp Bali (Baali, Kibaali, Kibala, Kibali, Libaali, Mabali), Bafwandaka, Bakundumu, Bekeni, Bemili Harvey 1997; van Geluwe 1960; McMaster 1988 D20: Lega-Holoholo D211 kzy Kango (Dikango), ‘Dibatchua’ Schebesta 1952; Vorbichler 1964; Harvey 1997 D20: Lega-Holoholo D22 rwm Amba (Baamba, Kivamba, Ku-Amba, Kuamba, Kwamba, Rwaamba, RwaAmba, Rwamba) Winter 1953; Joset 1952 D20: Lega-Holoholo D23 kmw Komo (Kumu, Kikomo, Kikumo, Kikumu, Kikuumu, Kumo, Kuumu) Harries 1958; McMaster 1988 D20: Lega-Holoholo D24 sod Songola (Kesongola, Kisongoola, Songoora, Wasongoa, Watchongoa), Binja, Gengele (Kegengele) Schoenbrun 1994; Delhaise 1909; Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 90 D20: Lega-Holoholo D25 lgm Lega-Mwenga, Lega-Ntara, Isile (Ileka Ishile, Ishile, Isile, Kisile, Sile), Iwanyabaale, Kileega of Bakabango, Eastern Lega Biebuyck 1973; Bastin et al. 1999: 209-210; Botne 2003: 422-423 D20: Lega-Holoholo D251 lea Lega-Shabunda, Lega-Malinga, Kitila, Kiliga, Kiyoma, Kigala, Gonzabale, Beya-Munsange, Banagabo, Pangi Lega Biebuyck 1973; Bastin et al. 1999: 209-210; Botne 2003: 422-423 D20: Lega-Holoholo D251 khx Kanu (Kaanu, Kano, Kanu, Kikaanu, Likanu) Biebuyck 1973 D20: Lega-Holoholo D251 ktf Kwame (Kikwame, Kikwami, Kwami) Biebuyck 1973 D20: Lega-Holoholo D26 zmb Zimba, Ḱεsĺε, kisémolo, kyεnyε-mánila, kikwángε Kabungama 1992 D20: Lega-Holoholo D27 bnx Bangubangu (Bango-Bango, Bangobango, Kibangobango) Meeussen 1954 D20: Lega-Holoholo D28 hoo Holoholo (Horohoro), West Holoholo (D28a, Guha, Kalanga), East Holoholo (D28b), Tumbwe (D281), Lumbwe (D282) Coupez 1955; Maho and Sands 2004; Bastin et al. 1999: 210 D30 D301 kbj Kare (Kare, Akare, Likarili) Dijkmans 1974; Santandrea 1964 D30 D302 bqu Guru (Boguru, Kogoro, Bukur) Costermans 1953; van Bulck 1952; McMaster 1988: 242; 263 D30 D303 nbd/myc Bangbinda (Bungbinda, Ngbinda, Ngminda, Ngenda), Mayeka (D307) Hackett and van Bulck 1956; Johnston 1922; Santandrea 1948; McMaster 1988 D30 D304 hom Homa (Hôma, Huma) Santandrea 1948; Santandrea 1963; Hackett and van Bulck 1956 D30 D305 nyc/gti Nyanga-li, Gbati-ri (D306) (Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 74) D30 D308 boy Bodo Santandrea 1963; Santandrea 1948; McMaster 1988: 242; 263 D30 D31 bhy Bhele (Bili, Ebhele, Ipere, Kipere, Kipili, Pere, Peri, Pili, Piri) Meyer and Raymond 1981; de Wit 1994 D30 D311 bip Bila (Babila, Ebila, Forest Bila, Forest Bira, Kibila) Kutsch Lojenga 2003 D30 D312 kkq Kaiku (Ikaiku, Kaiko) de Wit 1994 D30 D32 brf Bera (Bira, Plains Bira, Babira, Wawira, Grassland Bavira, Lower Bera), Sese van Geluwe 1956 D30 D33 nlj Nyali (Banyari, Linyali), “Huku” Harries 1959; van Geluwe 1960 D30 D331 vau Vanuma (Bvanuma, Libvanuma, Livanuma), Mbuttu (D313, Pygmy language spoken in Avakubi district on the north side of the Ituri between its confluence with the Epulu and with the Nepoko) Schebesta 1966; Johnston 1922: 484-495 D30 D332 buu Budu (Badimbisa Budu, Bodo, Ebudu, Kibudu, Mabudu Asangama 1983 D30 D333 ndk Ndaaka (Ndaka, Bombo Ndaka, Indaaka) Harvey 1997; van Geluwe 1960 D30 D334 zmw Mbo (Imbo, Kimbo, Mbo-Beke) van Geluwe 1960 D30 D335 bkf Beeke (Beke, Ibeeke, Beeke) Hackett and van Bulck 1956: 84 D30 D336 jgb Ngbele (Lingbe, Lingbee, Mangbele, Ngbee) Hackett and van Bulck 1956; Liesenborghs 1932; Verhulpen 1936b D40: Nyanga D41 see JD41 D40: Nyanga D42 see JD42 D40: Nyanga D43 nyj Nyanga (Inyanga, Kinyanga) Hackett and van Bulck 1956; Mateene 1980 D50: Bembe-Buyi D501-D531 see JD50 D50: Bembe-Buyi D54 bmb Bembe (Babembe of Kivu, Beembe, Bembe, Ebembe, Ibembe) Meeussen 1953; Verhulpen 1936b; Biebuyck 1973 D50: Bembe-Buyi D55 byi Buyu (Boyo, Bujwe, Buyi, Kibuyu) Meeussen 1953; Biebuyck 1973 E40: Temi E401-E45 see JE40 E40: Temi E46 soz Temi (GiTemi), Ketemi), “Sonjo” Nurse and Rottland 1992 E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E51 kik Kikuyu (Gekoyo, Gikuyu) Mutahi 1981; Sim 1977 E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E52 ebu Embo (Embu), Mbeere (Mbere, Kimbeere) Mwaniki 2014; Mutahi 1981; Möhlig 1974 E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E53 mer Meru (Kimeru, Mero), Imenti Möhlig 1974 E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E531 mws Mwimbi-Muthambi Möhlig 1974 E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E54 thk Tharaka (Tharaka, Central Tharaka, Saraka, Sharoka), Thagicu Möhlig 1974 E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E541 cuh Chuka (Chuku, Cuka, Suka) Möhlig 1974 E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E55 kam Kamba (Kenya), Kekamba, Kikamba) Lindblom 1926: 3-18 E50: Kikuyu-Kamba group E56 dhs Daisu (Dhaisu, Daiso, Kidhaiso), “Segeju” Nurse 2000 E60: Chaga group E61 see West Kilimanjaro E621 E60: Chaga group E62a see West Kilimanjaro E621, Central Kilimanjaro E622 E60: Chaga group E62b see Central Kilimanjaro E622 E60: Chaga group E621A (=E61) rwk Rwa (Rwo), Meru (Mero) Philippson 1984; Winter 1980 E60: Chaga group E621B (=E62a) jmc Machame (Caga-Machame, Kimachame, Kimashami, Macame, Machambe, Madjame, Mashami), Siha (E621C, Kisiha), Narumu, Ng’uni (E621F), “Hai,” Masama (621E, Masdama) Philippson 1984; Winter 1980 E60: Chaga group E622A (=E62a) old Mochi (Kimochi, Kimoshi, Moshi, Mosi), Mbokomu (E622B), Uru (E622D, Oru), Kuma (Okuma, “Rusha,” E63) Philippson 1984; Winter 1980 E60: Chaga group E622C (=E62b) vun Vunjo (Wunjo, Kivunjo, Kiwunjo, Wuunjo), Lema (Kilema), Kiruwa, Mamba, Woso (Kiw’oso, Kibosho), Kindi, Kombo, Mweka (Mwika), Marangu (Morang’u), Kiruwa Philippson 1984; Winter 1980 E60: Chaga group E623 (=E62c) rof Rombo (Kirombo), Keni (E623D), Mashati (E623B), Mkuu (E623C), Usseri (E623A, Kiseri, Useri), Mriti Philippson 1984; Winter 1980 E60: Chaga group E64 hka Kahe, Kikahe Kahigi 2008; Winter 1980 E60: Chaga group E65 gwe Gweno (Ghonu, Gweno, Ki-Gweno, Kighonu, Kigweno) Winter 1980; Philippson and Nurse 2000 E70: Nyika-Taita group E701 mlk Elwana (Ilwana, Kiwilwana), ‘Malakote’ van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Nurse 2000 E70: Nyika-Taita group E71 pkb Pokomo (Pfokomo), Buu, Upper Pokomo (E71A), Lower Pokomo (E71B, Malachini) Nurse and Hinnebusch 1993 E70: Nyika-Taita group E72a,e,G,H nyf Giryama (Agiryama, Giriama, Giryama, Kigiriama), Nyika (Nika, Kinyika), Kambe (E72G), Chwaka, Rabai (E72e), Ribe (E72H) van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Möhlig 1986 E70: Nyika-Taita group E72b,c,F coh Kauma (E72b), Chonyi (E72c, Conyi, Chichonyi), Jibana (E72F, Dzihana, Chidzihana) van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Möhlig 1986 E70: Nyika-Taita group E72d dug Duruma Möhlig 1986; van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980 E70: Nyika-Taita group E73 dig Digo (Kidigo), Degere (E732 Madhaka)18 Nicolle 2013: 1-5 E70: Nyika-Taita group E731 seg Segeju (Kisegeju, Sageju, Segeju, Sengeju) Nurse 1982 E70: Nyika-Taita group E74a,C dav Taita, Dawida (Dabida, Davida, E74a), Bura, Chawia, Kasigau (E74C, Kisighau) van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980 E70: Nyika-Taita group E74b tga Sagalla (Kisagalla, Sagala, Sagalla Taita, Saghala), Dambi, Kishamba van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980 F10: Tongwe-Bende group F11 tny Tongwe (Kitongwe, Kitoongwe, Sitongwe) Masele 2001 F10: Tongwe-Bende group F12 bdp Bende, Gongwe Abe 2011 F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi F21 suk Sukuma, Kemunasukuma (F21A, North Sukuma), Kemunangweeli (F21B), Kiiya (F21C, Kiya, JinaKiiya), Kemunadakama (F21D, South Sukuma), Nasa (F21E, Kinaanasa), Sumaabu (F21F, SumaaBu, KisumaaBu), Nelaa (F21G, Kinaanelaa), Ntuzu (Gina-Ntuzu, Kimunantuzu, F21H) Masele 2001 F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi F22A,B,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K nym Nyamwezi (Kinyamwezi), Galaganza (F22A, Sigalagaanza, Garaganza), Mweri (F22B), Nyanyembe (F22D, Unyanyemba, Unyanyembe), Takama (F22E, Dakama), Nangwila (F22F), Ilwana (Kilwana, Ilwana-Nyamwezi F22G), Uyui (F22H), Rambo (F22I), Ndaala (F22J, Ndala), Nyambiu (F22K) Masele 2001 F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi F22C kcz Konongo (Kikonoongo), East Nyamwezi Masele 2001 F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi F23 suw Sumbwa (Kisumbwa, Shisumbwa, Shumbwa), Sisiloombo, Siyoombe Masele 2001 F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi F24 kiv Kimbu (Kikimbu, Kikiimbu), North KiKiimbu, South Kikiimbu Masele 2001 F20: Sukuma-Nyamwezi F25 wun Bungu (Ici-Wungu, Iciwungu, Kibungu, Ungu, Wungu) Roth 2011 F30: Nilamba-Rangi F31A,C,D,E nim Nilamba, Ilamba, Central Laamba (F31A, Kinilaamba), Ushoola (F31C, Ushoola), Nyambi (F31D, Iambi), Mbuga (F31E) Masele 2001 F30: Nilamba-Rangi F31B isn Isanzu (Ihaanzu, Issansu) Masele 2001 F30: Nilamba-Rangi F32 rim Limi (Rimi, Keremi, Kilimi), Ahi (GiAhi, Chahi), Ginyamunyinganyi), Rwana (Girwana), Nyaturu (Kinyaturu, Turu) Masele 2001 F30: Nilamba-Rangi F33 lag Rangi (Langi, Irangi, Kelangi, Kilaangi), Kondoa Dunham 2007 F30: Nilamba-Rangi F34 mgz Mbugwe (Buwe, Kimbugwe, Kiumbugwe, Mbuwe) Mous 2004 G10: Gogo-Kagulu G11 gog Gogo (Chigogo, Cigogo, Gogo, Ki-Gogo, Kigogo) Gonzales 2002 G10: Gogo-Kagulu G12 kki Kagulu (Chikagulu, Cikagulu, Kagulu, Kaguru, Kigaguru, Kikagulu) Petzell 2008 G10: Gogo-Kagulu G21 tvs Taveta (“Tubeta”) van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Kitetu 2012 G10: Gogo-Kagulu G22 asa Pare, Asu (Ashu, Athu, Casu, Chasu, Chiasu), South Pare (G22B, Gonja, Mbaga (G22B), North Pare (G22A) van Otterloo and van Otterloo 1980; Kitetu 2012; Mreta 2000 G10: Gogo-Kagulu G23 ksb Shambala (Šambala, Kisambaa, Kishambaa, Kishambala, Sambaa, Sambala, Sambara, Schambala, Shambaa) Nurse 1988 G10: Gogo-Kagulu G24 bou Bondei (Bonde, Boondei, Kibondei) Merlevede 1995; Legère 1992 G30: Zigula-Zaramo G301 doe Doe (Dohe, Ki-Doe) Gonzales 2002 G30: Zigula-Zaramo G31 ziw Zigula (Chizigula, Kizigua, Kizigula, Msegua, Seguha, Wazegua, Zeguha, Zegura, Zigoua, Zigua, Zigwa) Petzell and Hammarström 2013 G30: Zigula-Zaramo G311 xma Mushungulu (Kimushungulu, Mushunguli, Mushungulu), Zigua in Somalia Hout 2012; Williams 2012; Grottanelli 1953 G30: Zigula-Zaramo G32 cwe Ngwele (Kakwere, Kikwere, Kinghwele, Kwele, Kwere, Ng’were, Ngh’wele, Nhwele, Nwele, Tsinghwele) Gonzales 2002; Legère 2003 G30: Zigula-Zaramo G33 zaj Zaramo (Dzalamo, Saramo, Zalamo (E18)) Gonzales 2002 G30: Zigula-Zaramo G34 ngp Ngulu (Kingulu, Ngulu, Nguru, Nguu) Petzell and Hammarström 2013 G30: Zigula-Zaramo G35 ruf Ruguru (Luguru, Cilugulu, Guru, Ikiruguru, Kiluguru, Kiruguru, Lughuru, Lugulu) Gonzales 2002; Mkude 1974 G30: Zigula-Zaramo G36 kcu Kami (Kikami) Petzell and Hammarström 2013 G30: Zigula-Zaramo G37 kdc Kutu (Khutu, Kikutu, Kixutu, Kutu Petzell and Hammarström 2013 G30: Zigula-Zaramo G38 vid Vidunda (Chividunda, Kividunda, Ndunda, Vidunda) Gonzales 2002; Legère 2007 G30: Zigula-Zaramo G39 sbm Sagala (Saghala, Ki-Sagara, Kisagala, Kisagara) Kondoa, Solwe, Kweny, Nkwifiya (Kwiva, Kwifa) Gonzales 2002 G40: Swahili group G402 ymk Makwe (Coastal Makwe, Interior Makwe, Kimakwe, Macue) Devos 2007 G40: Swahili group G403 wmw Mwani (Cap Delgado, Kimwani, Muane, Mwane, Mwani, Quimuane) Schadeberg 1997 G40: Swahili group G412 - Mwiini (Chimwiini, Mwini, Barawa) Nurse and Hinnebusch 1993 G40: Swahili group G41–43 swh/swc/ccl Swahili (Kiswahili), Tikuu (G41, Bajuni, Bagiuni), Socotra Swahili (G411), Amu (G42a, Pate, Siu, Siyu), Mombasa area Swahili (G42b, Mvita, Ngare, Jomvu, Changamwe, Kilindini), Mrima (G42c, Mtang’ata, Lugha ya Zamani), Unguja (G42d, Kiunguja), Malindi (G42E, Mambrui), Fundi (G42F, Chifundi), Chwaka (G42G), Vumba (G42H), Madagascar Swahili (G42I, Nosse Be), Pemba (G43a, Southern Pemba, Northern Pemba), Tumbatu (G43b), Makunduchi (G43c, “Hadimu,” Kae, Kikae), Mafia (G43D, Mbwera, Kingome), Kilwa (G43E), Mgao (G43F, G401, Kimgao), Sidi (G404), Cutchi Swahili, Congo Swahili (Lubumbashi Swahili, Shaba Swahili, Kingwana) Ashton 1944; Nurse and Hinnebusch 1993; Lodhi 2008; Samarin 2014; Neale 1974 G40: Swahili group G44(D) swb Maore Comorian (Comoro, Komoro, Shimaore) Full 2006 G40: Swahili group G44a zdj Ngazija (Shingazidja) Full 2006 G40: Swahili group G44b wni Njuani (Ndzwani, Shindjuani) Full 2006 G40: Swahili group G44C wlc Mwali (Shimwali) Full 2006 G50: Pogolo-Ndamba group G51, G52 poy/ndj Pogolo (Chipogolo, Chipogoro, Cipogolo, Pogolu, Pogora, Pogoro)Ndamba (Kindamba) Hendle 1907; Novotná 2005 G60: Bena-Kinga group G61 sbp Sango (Mahango, Eshisango, Kisangu), Lori (Rori) Mumford 1934; Nurse 1988 G60: Bena-Kinga group G62 heh Hehe (Ehe, Ekiehe, Kihehe) Mumford 1934; Nurse 1988 G60: Bena-Kinga group G63 bez Bena (Ekibena, Ikibena Mitterhofer 2013 G60: Bena-Kinga group G64 pbr Pangwa (Ekipangwa, Kipangwa) Stirnimann 1983 G60: Bena-Kinga group G65 zga Kinga (Ekikinga, Kikinga) Schadeberg 1971; Nurse 1988 G60: Bena-Kinga group G651 gmx Magoma (Kimagoma) Schadeberg 1971: 1; 190 G60: Bena-Kinga group G66 wbi Wanji (Kivwanji, Kiwanji, Vwanji, Wanji) Nurse 1988 G60: Bena-Kinga group G67 kiz Kisi (Kese, Kikisi) Fülleborn 1906; Nurse 1988 H10: Kikongo group H10A ktu Kituba (Kikongo-Kutuba), Ikeleve, Kibulamatadi, Kikongo Commercial, Kikongo Simplifie (Kikongo Simplifié), Kikongo Ya Leta, Kileta Mufwene 2009 H10: Kikongo group H10B mkw Munukutuba (Monokutuba) Mufwene 2009 H10: Kikongo group H11 beq Beembe (Bembe), Keenge, Yari (Kiyari) Jacquot 1981 H10: Kikongo group H112A xku Kaamba (Kamba, Kikaamba) Bouka 1989a; de Schryver et al. 2015 H10: Kikongo group H112B dde Doondo (Dondo, Kidoondo) Even 1931; Mfoutou 1985; Lumwamu 1974 H10: Kikongo group H12 vif Vili (Civili, Civili ci Loango, Vili of Mayumbe, Loango) Mavoungou et al. 2010 H10: Kikongo group H13 njx Kunyi (Kuni, Kikunyi, Kugni) Lumwamu 1974; Bastin et al. 1999 H10: Kikongo group H131 sdj Suundi (Kissoundi, Kisuundi, Sunde), Kifouma, Kimongo Mabiala 1999 H10: Kikongo group H16a-b kng South Kikongo, Kisikongo (H16a), Kisolongo, Kimboma, Central Kikongo, Manyanga (H16b, Kimanyanga), Mazinga, Ndibu (Bandibu), Bwende (H16e), Zoombo (H16h, Zombo, Pende) Boone 1973; de Schryver et al. 2015; Laman 1936: lxxxv-lxxxvii H10: Kikongo group H16c-d yom/kwy Yombe (Yoombi, Kiyombe), Ciwoyo, Cizobe, Kakongo, Ndingi (H14), Mboka (H15), Cimbala, Cizali Boone 1973; de Schryver et al. 2015 H10: Kikongo group H16f ldi Laadi (Laari, Kiladi, Kilari), Ghaangala (H111, Kighaangala, Hangala) H10: Kikongo group H16g-h kng Eastern Kikongo, Ntandu (Kintandu), Mbeko, Nkanu (H16h), Mbata, Mpangu Boone 1973; de Schryver et al. 2015 H20: Kimbundu group H21 kmb Mbundu (H21a, Bunda, Bundo, Kimbundo, Quimbundo, Kimbundu), Kimbamba (H21b, Njinga, Ginga, Jinga) Vieira-Martinez 2006 H20: Kimbundu group H22 smd Kisama (Kissama, Quissama, Sama) Heintze 1970; Price 1872 H20: Kimbundu group H23 blv Kibala (Bolo, Libolo, Libollo, Libolu, Lubalo, Lubolo), Haka (Haco), “Ngoya” Angenot et al. 2011 H20: Kimbundu group H24 nsx Songo (Nsongo, Basongo, Massongo, Songu, Sungu) Jaspert and Jaspert 1930; Vansina 2004 H30: Yaka group H31 yaf/ppp/lnz Yaka (Bayaka, Iaka, Iyaka, Kiyaka), Pelende (Phelende), Lonzo van den Eynde 1968; Ntoya Maselo 2014 H30: Yaka group H321 (= L101) shc Sonde (Soonde, Kisonde), Lua (Luwa) Boone 1973; Torday and Joyce 1907 H30: Yaka group H32 sub Suku (Kisuku) Piper 1977 H30: Yaka group H33H34 =-mxg Hungu, Tsotso, Pombo22Mbangala (H34, Bangala, Cimbangala), Shinji(H35, Sinji, Yungo) Atkins 1955; Chatelain and Summer 1894 H40: Mbala-Hunganna H41 mdp Mbala (Bambala of Kwango, Gimbala, Rumbala) Boone 1973; Torday and Joyce 1922 H40: Mbala-Hunganna H42 hum Hunganna (Huana, Hungaan, Hungana, Kihungana), Saamba (Tsaamba, Tsamba) Torday and Joyce 1922; Boone 1973; Takizala 1974; Muluwa and Bostoen 2015 JD41: Konzo-Nande group JD41 koo Konzo (Kikondjo, Konjo, Lhukonzo, Olukonjo, Olukonzo, Rukonjo, Rukonzo, Rukoonzo), Sanza (Ekisanza) Schoenbrun 1994 JD41: Konzo-Nande group JD42 nnb Nande (Banande, Nandi, Ndandi, Kinande, Kinandi), Shu (Ekishu), Yira (Ekiyira) Schoenbrun 1994 JD41: Konzo-Nande group JD43 see under D40 JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD501 nyg Nyindu Igunzi 2013 JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD51 hke Hunde (Kihunde, Kihuunde), Kobi (Rukobi) Schoenbrun 1994 JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD52 hav Haavu (Havu, Kihaavu) Schoenbrun 1994 JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD53 shr Shi (Mashi), Nyabungu Schoenbrun 1994 JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD531 tbt Tembo (Chitembo, Kitembo) Schoenbrun 1994 JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD54 see under D50 JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD55 see under D50 JD50: Shi-Hunde group JD56 kcw Bwari (Kabwari) Schoenbrun 1994 JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD61 kin Rwanda (Kinyarwanda), Hutu), Kisoro Pygmies, Rwanda-Batwa, Fumbira (Rufumbira), Kirashi (JE221), Yaka (JD502) Schumacher 1950; Munderi 2009; Schoenbrun 1994; Nzita 1992; (Jouannet 1983) JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD62 run Rundi (Kirundi) van Bulck 1957 JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD63 flr Fuliiru (Fulero, Fuliiro, Fuliru, Kifuliiru) Otterloo and Otterloo 2011; Schoenbrun 1994 JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD631 job Vira (Bavira, Kiviira), Joba (Kijoba) Schoenbrun 1994 JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD64 suj Subi (Shuubi, Kishubi, Kisubi, Shubi, Shuwi), “Sinja” Nurse and Philippson 1980 JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD65 han Hangaza, Kihangaza (KiHangaza) Schoenbrun 1994 JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD66 haq Ha (Kiha) Schoenbrun 1994; Harjula 2004 JD60: Rwanda-Rundi group JD67 vin Kivinza (KiVinza), Vinza) Schoenbrun 1994 JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE101 rub Gungu (Lugungu, Rugungu) Schoenbrun 1994 JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE102 tlj Talinga-Bwisi, Kitalinga (Talinga), (Bwissi, Lubwisi, Lubwissi, Mawissi, Olubwisi) Paluku 1998 JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE103 ruc Ruli (Eciruri, Luduuli, Ruli, Ruluuli, Ruluuli-Runyala, Ruuli) Ladefoged et al. 1972 JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE11 nyo Nyoro (Lunyoro (LuNyoro, Orunyoro, Runyoro) Schoenbrun 1994 JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE12 ttj Tooro (Orutoro, Rutooro, Rutoro, Tooro, Toro, Urutoro) Rubongoya 1999 JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE121 nix Hema (Bahima, Hema-Sud, Kihema), Congo Nyoro, Hema Thiry 2004 JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE13 nyn Nkore (Nkole, Nyankole, Nyankore, Olunyankole, Runyankole, Runyankore) Schoenbrun 1994 JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE14 cgg Chiga (Ciga, Kiga, Ruciga) Schoenbrun 1994 JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE15 lug Ganda (Luganda), Sese (Olusese), Vuma (Luvuma) Schoenbrun 1994; Cunningham 1905 JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE16 xog Soga (Busoga), Diope (Ludiope), Gabula (Lugabula), Gweri (Lugweri), Kigulu (Lukigulu), Lamogi (Lulamogi, Lulamoogi, Lamoogi), Luuka, Nholo (Lunholo), Siki (Siginyi, Lusiginyi, Lusiki), Tembe (Tembé, Lutembe), Tenga (Lutenga) Fallers 1968; Schoenbrun 1994 JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE16 lke Kenyi (Kenye, Kene, Lukenhe) Ladefoged et al. 1972; Roscoe 1915 JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE17 gwr Gwere (Lugwere) Ladefoged et al. 1972 JE10: Nyoro-Ganda group JE18 - West Nyala Kanyoro 1983; Ochwaya-Oluoch 2003: 7-8 JE20: Haya-Jita group JE21 now Nyambo (Ekinyambo), “Karagwe” Schoenbrun 1994 JE20: Haya-Jita group JE22 hay Haya, Kyamutwara (JE22A, Kjamtwara, Kiamutwara), Bugabo (JE22B, Bugabu), Bukara (JE22C), Ziba (JE22D, Kiziba), Hanja (JE22E, Kianja, Kihanja, Kjanja), Hangiro (JE22F, Ihangiro), Missenyi (JE22G, Misenyi) Herrmann 1904; Schoenbrun 1994 JE20: Haya-Jita group JE23 zin Zinza (Dzinda, Dzindza, Echidzindza, Jinja) Schoenbrun 1994 JE20: Haya-Jita group JE24 ked Kerebe (Ecikerebe, Ekikerebe, Ikikerebe, Kerewe) Schoenbrun 1994 JE20: Haya-Jita group JE25 jit Jita (Ecejiita, Kijita) Schoenbrun 1994 JE20: Haya-Jita group JE251,253 kya Kwaya (JE251, Kikwaya), Ci-Ruri (JE253, Ruri, Rori, Kirori, Eciruri, Luri, Kiruri, Eciruuri, Ciruri) Schoenbrun 1994 JE20: Haya-Jita group JE252 reg Kara (Kikara), Regi (Kilegi, Kiregi) Schoenbrun 1994 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE31 myx Masaba (Masaaba, Lumasaba), Gisu (JE31a, Gesu, Lugisu), Kisu (JE31b), Buya (J41G, Buuya, Lubuya), Dadiri (JE31F, Ludadiri, North Lumasaaba), Lufumbo, Luteza, Luwalasi, Luyobo Schoenbrun 1994; la Fontaine 1959 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE31c bxk Bukusu (Vugusu) Wagner and Mair 1970; Austen 1975: 1-37; Kanyoro 1983 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE31D - Syan (Orusyan), Bumett (Pumit) Huntingford 1965; Schoenbrun 1994 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE31E lts Tachon (Tachoni, Tatsoni) Kanyoro 1983 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE32a lwg Hanga (Wanga, Luwanga, Luhanga) Kanyoro 1983 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE32b lto Tsotso (Olutsotso) Kanyoro 1983 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE32C lrm Marama (Olumarama) Kanyoro 1983 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE32D lks Kisa (Olukisa) Kanyoro 1983 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE32E lkb Kabras (Kabarasi) Kanyoro 1983 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE32F nle East Nyala (Nyala North, Lunyala ‘K’), Kakalewa Kanyoro 1983 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE33 nyd Nyole (Abanyole, Lunyole, Lunyore, Nyoole, Nyore, Olunyore) Kanyoro 1983 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE34 lsm Saamia (Samia, Lusaamia), Bagwe, Gwe (Lugwe), Songa (JE343) Kanyoro 1983 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE341 lko Khayo (Xaayo) Kanyoro 1983; Marlo 2008 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE342 lri Marachi (Lumarachi) Kanyoro 1983 JE30: Masaba-Luhya group JE35 nuj Nyole (Lunyole, Nyule, Nyuli), Hadyo (Luhadyo), Sabi (Lusabi), Wesa (Luwesa) Schadeberg 1989; Morris 1963 JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE401 ngq Ngurimi (Dengurume, Ikingurimi, Kingereme, Kingoreme, Ngoreme) Schoenbrun 1994 JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE402, 404 ikz Ikizu (JE402, Ikiikiizu, Ikikizo, Ikikizu), Shashi (JE404, Ikishashi, Kishashi) Schoenbrun 1994 JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE403 sxb Suba (Egisuba, Luo Abasuba) Rottland 1993 JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE405 cwa Kabwa (Kikabhwa, Kikabwa) Walker 2013; Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam 2009 JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE406–7 sgm Singa (E406, Lusinga), Cula (Chula), Ware (E407) Hobley 1902 JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE41 rag Logooli (Llogoori, Logoli, Lugooli, Luragoli, Maragoli, Maragooli, Ragoli, Uluragooli) Wagner and Mair 1970 JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE411–3 ida Idakho (JE411, Itakho), Isukha (JE412, Isuxa, Lwisukha), Tiriki (JE413, Tirichi) Kanyoro 1983 JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE42 guz Gusii (Ekegusii, Guzii, Kisii), Kosova Cammenga 2002: 17-33 JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE43 kuj Kuria (Egikuria, Ekikuria, Gikuria, Igikuria, Ikikuria, Kikuria Cha Juu, Kikuria Cha Mashariki, Kikuria, Koria, Kulia) 43 Schoenbrun 1994; Cammenga 2004 JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE431–4 ssc Hacha (JE432, Haacha, Kihacha), Ikisimbete (IkiSimbete), Iryege (Iregi, Kiiryege), Kine (Kikine, Kiine), Kiroba, Kironi (Kikirone), Kiseru, Kisimbiti, Kisingiri, Rieri (Ryeri), Simbiti (JE431, Suba-Simbiti) Surwa (JE433, Kisurwa), Sweta (JE434, Kisweta) Kihore 2000; Schoenbrun 1994 JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE44 zak Zanaki (Ekizanaki, Ikizanaki, Ilizanaki, Kizanaki) Walker 2013; Schoenbrun 1994 JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE45 ntk Ikoma (Koma, Kiikoma), Isenye (Issenye, Isenyi, Kiisenye), Nata (Ekinata, Natta, Kinatta, Kinata, Ikinata) Walker 2013; Schoenbrun 1994 JE40: Logooli-Kuria group JE46 see under E40 K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K11 cjk Chokwe (Batshokwe, Ciokwe, Kioko, Kiokwe, Quioca, Quioco, Shioko, Tschiokloe, Tshokwe) Vansina 2004 K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K12a lum Lwimbi (Chiluimbi, Luimbe, Luimbi, Lwimbe) Jaspert and Jaspert 1930 K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K12b nba Gangela (Ganguela, Ganguella, Ngangela) Nyemba (Nhemba) Fleisch 2009; Maniacky 2003 K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K13 lch Lucazi (Chiluchazi, Luchazi, Lujash, Lujazi, Lutchaz, Lutshase, Luxage) Fleisch 2009 K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K14 lue Lwena (Luena), Luvale (Chiluvale, Lovale, Lubale, Luena, Luvale) Papstein 1978; Horton 1949 K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K15 mck Mbuunda (Chimbunda, Mbunda) McCulloch 1951; Fleisch 2009; Papstein 1994 K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K16 nye Nyengo (Nhengo, Nyenko) Fortune 1963 K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K17 mfu Mbwela (Ambuela, Ambuella, Ambwela, Mbuela, Mbwera, Shimbwera) Fleisch 2009; Bostoen 2007; McCulloch 1951; Maniacky 2003 K10: Ciokwe-Luchazi group K18 nkn Nkangala (Cangala, Ngangala) Maniacky 2003 K20: Lozi group K21 loz Lozi (Silozi), “Sikololo,” “Kolololo” Fortune 2001; Jalla 1917; Burger 1960 K30: Luyana group K31 lyn Luyana (Ca-Luiana, Esiluyana, Louyi, Lui, Rouyi), Kwandi (K371), Kwangwa (K37) Lisimba 1982; Fortune 1963 K30: Luyana group K32 mxo Mbowe (Esimbowe), Liyuwa (K322), Liyuwa Lisimba 1982; Fortune 1963 K30: Luyana group K33 kwn Kwangali (Kwangare, Kwangari, Rukwangali, Rukwangari, Sikwangali) Möhlig 1997 K30: Luyana group K331, 332, 334 diu Dciriku (K332, Gciriku, Diriku), Sambyu (K331), Rumanyo (K334, Manyo) Möhlig 2007 K30: Luyana group K333 mhw Mbukushu (Thimbukushu) Möhlig 1997; Larson 1981 K30: Luyana group K34 mho Mashi (Masi), Kwandu Laranjo Medeiros 1981; Lisimba 1982 K30: Luyana group K35 sie Simaa, Mulonga (K351), Mbume (K321, Mbumi), Imilangu (K354), Mwenyi (K352) Bostoen 2007; Fortune 1963; Lisimba 1982 K30: Luyana group K36 - Shanjo de Luna 2008; Bostoen 2009 K40: Subiya-Totela group K402 fwe Fwe Bostoen 2009; Seidel 2005; de Luna 2008; Pretorius 1975 K40: Subiya-Totela group K41 ttl Totela (Echitotela), Totela of Namibia (K411) Seidel 2005; Crane 2011; de Luna 2008 K40: Subiya-Totela group K42, sbs Subiya (Echisubia, Subia), Ikuhane (Chikuahane, Seidel 2005; Ohly 1994 K40: Subiya-Totela group K401 sbs Chikwahane, Ciikuhane, Ikuhane, Mbalangwe (K401, Mbalanwe) de Luna 2008 L10: Pende group L11 pem Pende (Bapende, Gipende, Giphende, Kipende, Pheende, Phende) Weeckx 1938; Torday and Joyce 1922; Bittremieux 1939 L10: Pende group L12b hol Holo (Holu, Kiholo, Kiholu), Yeci Boone 1973; Atkins 1955 L10: Pende group L13 kws Kwese (Gikwezo, Kikwese, Kwezo, Ukwese) Boone 1973; Forges 1983; Torday and Joyce 1907 L20: Songe group L201 - Budya (L201), Yazi (L202) L20: Songe group L21 kcv Kete (Lu-Kete, Lukete, Ciket), East Kete (L21A), North Kete (L21B, Kete-Kuba), Kete-Lulua (L21C, South-West Kete) Kamba Muzenga 1980: 3-4; Maes 1934; Boone 1973 L20: Songe group L221 lwa Lwalwa (Lwalu) Boone 1973; Timmermans 1967; Bastin et al. 1999 L20: Songe group L23 sop Songe (Basonge, Kisonge, Kisongi, Kisongye, Luba-Songi, Lusonge), East Songye, North Songye (Ikaleebwe), South Songye, Beelandé 45 van Overbergh 1908; Stappers 1964: 3; Torday and Joyce 1922 L20: Songe group L22/L231 bpj Mbagani, Binji (Bindji, Babindji) van Coillie 1949; Bastin et al.1999: 21 L20: Songe group L24 luj Luna-Inkongo, Northern Luba Westcott no date L30: Luba group L31 lua Luba-Lulua, Luba-Kasai (L31a, Tshiluba, Ciluba), West Luba (L31b, Lulua, Luluwa, Bena-Lulua) de Clercq 1903: i-vi L30: Luba group L32 kny Kanioka, Kanyok, Kanyoka de Clercq 1900; Stappers 1986: xiv-xv L30: Luba group L33 lub Luba-Katanga, Kiluba, East Luba, Luba-Shaba Verhulpen 1936a L30: Luba group L34 hem Hemba (Kiemba, Kihemba), Yazi (L202), Zela (K331, Kizela, Kimbote, Mbote), Eastern Luba, Luba-Hemba, Kebwe (L301) Vandermeiren 1912; Bastin et al. 1999; van Bulck 1948; Kabange Mukala 2005 L30: Luba group L35 sng Sanga (Kisanga), Garengaze (Garenganze), South Luba, Luba-Sanga Clarke 1911 L40: Kaonde group L41 kqn Kaonde (Chikahonde, Chikaonde, Kahonde, Kawonde, Luba Kaonde), Solwezi, Kasempa Kashoki and Mann 1978 L50: Lunda group L51 slx Salampasu (Basala Mpasu, Chisalampasu), Luntu (L511, Luuntu, Bakwa Luntu) Maes 1934; Denolf 1954 L50: Lunda group L52 lun Lunda (Balunda, Chilunda, Southern Lunda), Ndembu McCulloch 1951; Kawasha 2003 L50: Lunda group L53 rnd Ruund (Ruwund, Chiluwunda, Lunda Kambove, Lunda-Kamboro, Luunda, Luwunda, Northern Lunda), Kanincin Stappers 1954; Nash 1992 L60: Nkoya group L60–62 nka Nkoya (L62), Mbwela (L61, Mbwera, Mbowera), Kolwe (L601, Lukolwe), Lushangi (L602, Lushange), Shasha (L603, Mashasha), Mbowela (Mbwera, Shimbwera, Mbwela), Nkoya, Shasha, Shinkoya Simwinga 2006; Gluckman 1951; McCulloch 1951: 93-101 M10: Fipa-Mambwe group M11 piw Pimbwe (Cipimbwe, Ichipimbwe, Icipimbwe, Kipimbwe) Abe 2011; Chomba 1975; Maurice 1938 M10: Fipa-Mambwe group M12 rnw Rungwa (Ichirungwa, Icilungwa, Kirungwa, Lungwa, Nyalungwa, Runga) Walsh and Swilla 2001 M10: Fipa-Mambwe group M13 fip Fipa (Fiba, Cifipa), Fipa-Sukuma (M13A), South Fipa (M13B), Kandaasi (M13C), Siiwa (M13D), Nkwaamba (M13E), Kwa (M13F), Kwaafi (M13G), Ntile (N13H, Cile, “Yantili”), Kuulwe (M131), Peemba (M13I) Walsh and Swilla 2001; Willis 1966 M10: Fipa-Mambwe group M14/15 mgr Lungu (M14, Rungu), Mambwe (M14) Walsh and Swilla 2001 M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M201 lai Lambya (Rambya), North Lambya (M201A), Central Lambya (M201B), South Lambya (M201C) Walsh and Swilla 2001 M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M21 wbh Wanda (Wandia), Sichela Walsh and Swilla 2001; Lindfors et al. 2009b M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M22 mwn Inamwanga (Ichinamwanga, Namwanga, Nyamwanga), Iwa (M26), Tambo (M27, Tembo) Walsh and Swilla 2001 M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M23A nkt West Nyika, Nyika of Sumbawanga Lindfors et al. 2009a M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M23B nih Central Nyiha, Nyiha of Mbozi Lindfors et al. 2009a M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M23C nyr East Nyika, Nyika of Rungwe Lindfors et al. 2009a Walsh and Swilla 2001 M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M23D nkv South Nyiha Lindfors et al. 2009a; Walsh and Swilla 2001 M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M24 mgq Malila (Ishimalilia, Kimalila, Malela, Malilia) Walsh and Swilla 2001 M20: Nyiha-Safwa group M25 sbk Safwa, Safwa of Mbeya (M25A), Mbwila (M25B, Uleenje), Soongwe (M25C), Polooto (M25D, Poroto), Guruka (M25E) Walsh and Swilla 2001; Msanjila 2004 M30: Nyakyusa-Ngonde group M301 ndh Ndali (Chindali), Sukwa (Chisukwa) Botne 2008; Kershner 2002 M30: Nyakyusa-Ngonde group M31 nyy Nyakyusa-Ngonde, Nyakyusa (M31A, Nyekyosa, Iki-Nyikusa), Kukwe (M31B, Ngumba), Mwamba (M31C, Lugulu, “Sokelo”), Ngonde (M31D), Selya (M31E, Kaaselya), Penja (M302) Walsh and Swilla 2001 M40: Bemba group M401 bwc Bwile Brelsford 1956; Bastin et al. 1999 M40: Bemba group M402 auh Aushi (Avaushi, Ushi, Usi, Uzhil, Vouaousi) Doke 1933; Whiteley 1950 M40: Bemba group M41 tap Tabwa (Taabua, Taabwa, Ichitaabwa), Shila Whiteley 1950 M40: Bemba group M41 bem Bemba (Icibemba, Wemba) Whiteley 1950; Kashoki and Mann 1978 M50 M51–52 leb Lala-Bisa, Bisa (M51, Wisa), Lala (M52, Ichilala), Ambo (M521), Unga, Twa of Bangweulu, Luano (M522) Brelsford 1946; Whiteley 1950; von Rosen 1916 M50 M54 lam Lamba, Swaka (M53), Lima (M541, Bulima), Temba (M542) Doke 1922; Whiteley 1950; Brelsford 1956; Bastin et al. 1999: 219 M50 M55 kdg Seba, Shishi Whiteley 1950 M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group M61 leh Lenje (Chilenje, Lengi, Lenji), Batwa of the Lukanga (M611), Ciina (Chinamukuni, Ciina Mukuni, Mukuni) Shekleton 1908; de Luna 2008 M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group M62 sby Soli (Chisoli) de Luna 2008 M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group M63 ilb Ila (Chiila [E18), Batwa of the Kafue (M633), Lundwe (M632) Smith 1907; de Luna 2008; Doke 1928; Torrend 1931 M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group M631 shq Sala (M631) de Luna 2008 M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group M64 toi Tonga (Chitonga, Tonga of Zambia and Zimbabwe), Ndawe, Plateau Tonga, Valley Tonga, We-Zambezi [E18] de Luna 2008; Hachipola 1991 M60: Lenje-Tonga group/Bantu-Botatwe group M651–652 dov Toka (M651), Leya (M652, Reya), “Dombe” Hachipola 1998; de Luna 2008 N10: Manda group N101 dne Ndendeule (Kidendauli, Kindendeule, Kindendeuli, Ndendeuli) Nurse 1988; Booth 1905 N10: Manda group N102 nxi Nindi (Kinindi, Manundi) Maho and Sands 2004; Booth 1905 N10: Manda group N11 mgs Manda (Kimanda), Matumba Fülleborn 1906; Nurse 1988 N10: Manda group N12 ngo Ngoni of Tanzania (Angoni, Chingoni, Kingoni), Kisutu Spiss 1904; Ebner 1955; Miti 1996 N10: Manda group N13 mgv Matengo (Chimatengo, Ki-Matengo, Kimatengo) Yoneda 2000; Nurse 1988 N10: Manda group N14 mpa Mpoto (Chimpoto, Cimpoto, Kimpoto, Mpoto) Nurse 1988 N10: Manda group N15 tog Tonga (Chitonga), Tonga of Malawi, Siska, Sisya Turner 1952; Young 1933; Turner 1952 N20: Tumbuka group N21 tum Tumbuka (N21a, Chitumbuka, Citumbuka), Poka (N21b, Chipoka, Phoka), Kamanga (N21b, Nkhamanga, Henga, Ci-Henga), Senga (N21d, Senga in the Luangwa Valley in the Lundazi District), Yombe (N21e), Fungwe (N21f), Wenya (N21g) Young 1923; Brelsford 1956 N30: Chewa-Nyanja group N31 nya/mjh Chewa-Nyanja, Nyanja (N31a, Chinyanja), Chewa (N31b, Achewa, Cewa), Manganja (N31c, South Nyanja), Mozambique Nyasa (N31D, Nyasa-Cewa), Maravi (Malawi), Peta, Mwera of Mbamba Bay(N201)27 Stigand 1909; of Malawi 2006; of Malawi 2009 N40: Senga-Sena group N41 nse Nsenga (Cinsenga, Chinsenga, Nsenga on the lower Luangwa in the Petauke-Lusaka-Feira districts), Kunda of Mambwe district Miti 2004; Brelsford 1956 N40: Senga-Sena group N42 kdn Kunda (Achikunda, Chikunda, Cikunda) Hachipola 1998; Brelsford 1956 N40: Senga-Sena group N43 nyu Nyungwe (Chinyungwe, Chinyungwi, Cinyungwe, Nyongwe, Yungwe), Tete (Tetense, Teta), Pimbi (Phimbi, Pimbe) van der Mohl 1904 N40: Senga-Sena group N44 seh Sena (Chisena, Cisena, Mocambique Sena), Podzo (N46, Ci-Podzo, Phodzo, Shiputhsu, Chipodzo, Puthsu) van der Mohl 1904 N40: Senga-Sena group N441 swk Sena (Chisena, Cisena, Malawi Sena) Funnell 2004 N40: Senga-Sena group N45 bwg Rue (Barwe, Chirue), Balke (Cibalke) Macalane 2000; Mangoya 2012; Hachipola 1998 P10: Matuumbi group P11/12 ndg/rui Ndengereko (Kindengereko, Kingengereko, Ndengeleko), Rufiji (Kirufiji) Ström 2013 P10: Matuumbi group P13 mgw Matuumbi (Kimatumbi, Kimatuumbi, Matumbi) Nurse 1988 P10: Matuumbi group P14 nnq Ngindo (Ci-Ngindo, Cingindo, Gindo, Kingindo, Njindo, Njinjo) Cross-Upcott 1956; Nurse 1988 P10: Matuumbi group P15 mgy Mbunga (Bunga, Kimbunga) Nurse 1988 P20: Yao group P21 yao Yao (Chiyao, Ciyao, Djao, Jao) Whiteley 1966: xiii-xv P20: Yao group P22 mwe Mwera (Cimwela, Cimwera, Kimwera, Mwela) Harries 1950 P20: Yao group P23/P24 kde/njd Makonde (Simakonde, Chimakonde, Chinimakonde, Kimakonde, Konde, Makonde), “Mavia” (P25, Mávia, Maviha, Cimabiha, Mabiha, Kimawiha, Mawia, Chimaviha, Mawiha), Maraba (Chimaraba), Tambwe (Matambe, Matambwe, Chimatambwe), Chinnima, Ndonde (Chindonde) Kraal 2005: 1-7 P20: Yao group P23 mvw Machinga Steere 1876 P30: Makhuwa group P31A,E vmw Central-Makhuwa, Makhuwa Enahara (P31E), Nampula Kröger 2005; Prata 1960 P30: Makhuwa group P31B,G mgh Meetto (Metto), Makhuwa-Meetto, Masasi, Ruvuma Makhuwa, Imithupi, Ikorovere Kröger 2005; Prata 1960 P30: Makhuwa group P31C vmk Chirima (Shirima) Kröger 2005; Prata 1960 P30: Makhuwa group P31C kzn Kokola Shrum and Shrum 2001 P30: Makhuwa group P31C llb Lolo Reiman 2002; Shrum and Shrum 2001; Vinton and Vinton 2001 P30: Makhuwa group P31C mny Manyawa Reiman 2002; Shrum and Shrum 2001; Vinton and Vinton 2001 P30: Makhuwa group P31C vmr Marenje (Emarendje, Marendje, Marenji) Shrum and Shrum 2001; Reiman 2002 P30: Makhuwa group P31C tke Takwane (Thakwani) Shrum and Shrum 2001; Reiman 2002 P30: Makhuwa group P31D xmc Marrevone (Marevone), Nampamela Prata 1960; Kröger 2005 P30: Makhuwa group P31F xsq Esaka (Esaaka, Saaka, Saanga, Saka, Sanga) Katupha 1991 P30: Makhuwa group P311 eko Koti (Ekoti, Coti), “Angoje” Schadeberg and Mucanheia 2000; Lyndon and Lyndon 2007 P30: Makhuwa group P312 nte Sakati (Sangaji, Esakaji), Enatthembo Prata 1960; Lyndon and Lyndon 2007 P30: Makhuwa group P32 ngl Lomwe (Ilomwe, Lomue), Western Makua Prata 1960 P30: Makhuwa group P33,331 lon Malawi Lomwe, Nguru (Ngulu, Anguru), Mihavane Kayambazinthu 2004 P30: Makhuwa group P34 chw Central Chuwabo (Chichwabo, Chuabo, Chuwabo, Chuwabu, Txuwabo, Chwabo, Cuabo, Cuwabo, Echuabo), Quellimane Vinton and Vinton 2001 P30: Makhuwa group P34 cwb Maindo, Badoni, Mitange Vinton and Vinton 2001 P30: Makhuwa group P341 mhm Moniga (Emakhuwa-Emoniga, Emoniga) Kröger 2005 R10: Umbundu group R11 umb Umbundu (M’bundo), Bailoundou (Mbalundu), Bihe, Hanya, Nano, Ovimbundu, South Mbundu, Mbali (R103, Kimbari, Olumbali30) Hambly 1934; Jaspert and Jaspert 1930; Lopes Cardoso 1966 R10: Umbundu group R12 ndq Ndombe (Dombe, Bandombe, Mondome) Ferreira Diniz 1918 R10: Umbundu group R13 nyk Nyaneka (Nhaneca, Lunyaneka), Mwila (Olumuila, Huila, Muila), Ngambwe (Olungambwe) Lang and Tastevin 1937 R10: Umbundu group R14 khu Khumbi (Lun’cumbi, Lunkumbi, Ngumbi, Nkhumbi, Nkumbi), Ndongwena (R215), Kwankwa (R216) Estermann 1979; Nogueira 1885; Lusakalalu 2001 R20: Wambo group R21 kua Kwanyama (Kuanyama), Kafima (R211), Evale (R212), Northeastern Wambo Baucom 1972 R20: Wambo group R214 lnb Mbalanhu, Dombondola (R217), Mbandja (R213, Mbadja), Esinga (R218) Fourie 1997; Baucom 1972 R20: Wambo group R22 ndo Ndonga (Oshindonga), South-Eastern Wambo Baucom 1972 R20: Wambo group R23 kwm Kwambi, South-Central Wambo Baucom 1972 R20: Wambo group R24 nne Ngandjera (Ngandyera), Kwaluudhi (R241), Kolonkhadi (R242), Eunda (R242, Oshiunda) Baucom 1972 R30: Herero group R101 olu Kuvale (Kuroka), Kwisi (R102) Jordan 2015 R30: Herero group R31A,B,R312 her Herero (Otjiherero), Central Herero (R31A), Mbandieru (R31B, Mbanderu, East Herero), Botswana Herero (R312, Mahalapye Herero) Andersson and Janson 1997; Möhlig 2009 R30: Herero group R311 dhm North-West Herero, Kaokoland Herero, Dhimba (Zemba, Zimba), Tjimba Herero, Tjimba-Tjimba, Himba Kunkel and Cameron 2002; Malan 1974 R40: Yeyi group R41A,B yey Yei (Yeyi, Shiyei), “Kuba,” Bayeye, Ciyei, East Caprivi Yeyi (R41A), Ngamiland Yeyi (R41B) Larson 1992; Seidel 2008 S10: Shona group S11 twl Shona, Korekore, Tavara (Tawala), Shangwe, Budya, Gova Doke 1931 S10: Shona group S12, S14 sna Shona, Zezuru (S12, Shawasha, Harava, Hera), Karanga (S14, Duma, Govera, Jena, Nyubi) Doke 1931 S10: Shona group S13 mxc Manyika (Bamanyeka, Chimanyika), Bocha (Boka), Guta, Jindwi, Hungwe Doke 1931; Fortune 2004 S10: Shona group S13 twx Tewe (Teve), Chiute (Ciute, Ciutee) Fortune 2004; Doke 1931 S10: Shona group S15 ndc Ndau (Chindau, “Sofala”), Garwe, Danda, Shanga, Xinyai Mkanganwi 1972; Doke 1931 S10: Shona group S16A,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,K,L kck Kalanga (Ikalanga, West Shona), Lilima (S16C, S16K, Humba, Humbe, Limima, Peri), Nyai (S16D, Abanyai, Banyai, Rozvi, Wanyai), Lemba (S16E, Remba), Lembethu (S16F, Rembethu), Twamamba (S16G, Xwamamba), Pfumbi (S16H), Jawunda (S16I), Romwe (S16J), Talahundra (S16L) Wentzel 1983; Doke 1931 S10: Shona group S16B nmq Nambya (Nambzva) Hachipola 1998; Borland 1984 S10: Shona group - dmx Dema Hachipola 1998 S20: Venda group S21 ven Venda (Central Venda), Phani (S21A), Ilafuri (S21B, West Venda), Manda (S21C, Central Venda), Mbedzi (S21D, East Venda), Tavhatsindi (S21E), Ronga (S21F, South-East Venda) Mulaudzi 2010 S30: Sotho-Tswana group S31 tsn Tswana (Setswana, Sechwana), Central Tswana (S31a, Rolong, Ngwaketse), East Tswana (S31b, Kgatla, Tlokwa), North Tswana (S31c, Tawana, Ngwato, Kwena), South Tswana (S31E, Thlaping, Thlaro) Malepe 1966; Schapera 1952 S30: Sotho-Tswana group S311 (= S31d) xkv Kgalagadi (Kgalagarhi, Kgalagari, Qhalaxarzi) Kalasi 2003; Krüger and de Plessis 1977 S30: Sotho-Tswana group S32 nso Northern Sotho (Sesotho sa Leboa), Pedi (S32a, Sepedi, Masemola, Tau, Komi, Transvaal Sotho), Lobedu (S32b, Kgaga), Gananwa (S32C, Xananwa, Hananwa), Kopa (S32D, Ndebele-Sotho), Eastern Sotho (Kutswe S302, Pai S303, Pulana S304), Phalaborwa (S301) Doke 1954; Ziervogel 1954 S30: Sotho-Tswana group S32E brl Birwa (S32E, Sebirwa, Virwa) Batibo 1998; Andersson and Janson 1997: 41-42 S30: Sotho-Tswana group S32F two Tswapong (Setswapong) van Wyk 1969; Batibo 1998 S30: Sotho-Tswana group S33 sot Southern Sotho (Sesotho, Sisutho) Jacottet 1927: i-xiii S40: Nguni group S407 nbl South Ndebele (Isindebele, Nrebele), Ndzundza (Isindundza), Southern South African Ndebele, Southern Transvaal Ndebele Skhosana 2009 S40: Nguni group S408 - Northern Transvaal Ndebele, Mbo, Moledlhana, Langa, Lidwaba, Sumayela Ndebele, Northern South African Ndebele Ziervogel 1959 S40: Nguni group S41 xho Xhosa (Isixhosa, “Kaffir”), Mpondo (S41A, Pondo), Xesibe (S41B), Bomwana (S41C), Gaika (S41D), Gcaleka (S41E), Thembu (S41F), Mpondomise (S41G), Ndlambe (S41H), Hlubi (S403), Hlubi-Ciskei (S41I) Mzamane 1962; Cantrell 1946; Ownby 1985 S40: Nguni group S42 zul Zulu (Isizulu), KwaZulu-Natal Zulu (S42A), Transvall Zulu (S42B), Qwabe (S42C), Cele (S42D), Ngoni of Malawi (N121), Bhaca (S402, Baca), Lala, Ingwavuma, Lala (S406, North Lala, South Lala), Old Mfengu (S401, Fingo) Ownby 1985; van Dyk 1960; Miti 1996 S40: Nguni group S43 ssw Swati (Swazi, Siswati), Ngwane, Nhlangwini (S405), Phuthi (S404) Ownby 1985; Mzamane 1948 S40: Nguni group S44 nde Ndebele of Zimbabwe (Sindebele, Ndebele, Tebele) Ownby 1985 S50: Tswa-Rhonga group S51 tsc Tswa (Xitswa), Dzibi (S51A), Dzonga (S51B), Hlengwe (S511, Khambana-Makwakwe, Khambani, Lengwe, Lhengwe, Makwakwe-Khambana, Shilengwe) Persson 1932 S50: Tswa-Rhonga group S52/53 tso Tsonga (Songa, Thonga, Tonga, Tsonga), Changana (Xichangana, Shangaan, Shangana), Xiluleke (S53A, Mhinga, Makuleke), N’walungu (S53B, Shingwalungu), Hlave (S53C), Nkuna (S53D), Gwamba (S53E (=S52), Gwapa), Nhlanganu (S53F, Shihlanganu), Djonga (S53G, Jonga), Bila (S53H) Baumbach 1970 S50: Tswa-Rhonga group S54 rng Ronga (Gironga, Shironga), Landim (Landina), Konde, Xonga Baumbach 1970 S60: Copi group S61 cce Copi (Chopi, Cicopi, Shichopi, Txopi), Lenge (S611, Xilenge, Lengue, Kilenge) Bailey 1976; Lanham 1955 S60: Copi group S62 toh Tonga (Gitonga), Shengwe ## See also - [Bantu languages](/source/Bantu_languages) - [Guthrie classification of Bantu languages](/source/Guthrie_classification_of_Bantu_languages) - [Classification of Pygmy languages](/source/Classification_of_Pygmy_languages) - [List of endangered languages in Africa](/source/List_of_endangered_languages_in_Africa) ## References 1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Hammarström, Harald (2019). An inventory of Bantu languages. In: Mark Van de Velde, Koen Bostoen, Derek Nurse, and Gérard Philippson eds.). *The Bantu languages*, 17-78. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9781138799677](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138799677). ## External links - [Guthrie's 1948 classification](http://www.bantu-languages.com/en/bantu_intro.html), in detail, with each language numbered - [Maho 2009](https://web.archive.org/web/20180203191542/http://goto.glocalnet.net/mahopapers/nuglonline.pdf). Guthrie 1971, in detail, with subsequent additions, corrections, and corresponding ISO codes as of *Ethnologue* 15. Coding conventions are explained in Nurse & Philippson (2003). They are (with invented examples): - A capital letter is added for an additional dialect of an existing language. That is, A15C would be a dialect of language A15 in addition to Guthrie's dialects A15a and A15b. - A third digit is added for an additional language. If its closest relative can be identified, the digit is added to that code. That is, A151 would be a non-Guthrie language closest to Guthrie's A15. - If a close relative has not been identified, the digit is added to the decade code. That is, A101 would be a language geographically in group A10, but not particularly close to any of Guthrie's A10 languages, or not known well enough to further classify. - Pidgins and creoles are indicated by adding a capital letter to the decade code. That is, A10A would be a pidgin or creole based on a language in group A10. Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–S) (by Guthrie classification) v t e Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B) (by Guthrie classification) Zone A A10 A11[101] Londo A12[101] Barue A13 Balong A14 Bonkeng A15 Mbo [A141 Bafo A151 Nkongho A20 A21 Bomboko A22 Baakpe A23 Su A24 Duala A25 Oli A26 Pongo A27 Mulimba [A221 Bubia A231 Kole A30 A31a North Bobe A31b Southwest Bobe A31c Southeast Bobe A32a Banoo A32b Bapoko A33a Yasa A33b Kombe A34 Benga A40 A41 Lombi A42 Bankon A43a Mbene A43b North Kogo A43c South Kogo A44 Banen A45 Nyokon A46 Mandi [A441 Aling'a A461 Bonek A462 Yambeta A50 A51 Fa’ A52 Kaalong A53 Kpa A54 Ngayaba [A501 Hijuk A60 A61[601] Ngoro A62 Yambasa A63 Mangisa A64[601] Bacenga A65 Bati [A621 Baca A622 Gunu A623 Mbule A70 A71 Eton A72a Ewondo A72b Mvele A72c Bakja A72d Yangafek A73a Bëbëlë A73b Gbïgbïl A74 Bulu A75 Fang [A751 South-West Fang A80 A81 Mvumbo A82 So A83 Makaa A84 Njem A85a Konabem A85b Bekwil A86a Medjime A86b Mpompo A86c Mpiemo A87 Bomwali [A801 Gyele A802 Ukwedjo A803 Shiwe A831 Byep A832 Bekol A841 Bajue A842 Koonzime A90 A91 Kwakum A92a Pol A92b Pomo A93 Kako Zone B B10 B11a Mpongwe B11b Rongo B11c Galwa B11d Dyumba B11e Nkomi B20 B21 Sekiyani B22a West Kele B22b Ngom B22c Bubi B23 Mbangwe B24 Wumbvu B25 Kota [B201 Ndasa B202 Sighu B203 Sama B204 Ndambomo B205 Metombola B221 Molengue B251 Shake B252 Mahongwe B30 B31 Tsogo B32 Kande [B301 Viya B302 Himbaka B303 Bongwe B304 Pinzi B305 Vove B40 B41 Sira B42 Sangu B43 Punu B44 Lumbu [B401 Bwisi B402 Varama B403 Vungu B404 Ngubi B411 Bwali B50 B51 Duma B52 Nzebi B53 Tsaangi [B501 Wanzi B502 Mwele B503 Vili B60 B61 Mbete B62 Mbaama B63 Nduumo [B602 Kaning'i B603 Yangho (spurious) B70 B71a Tege-Kali B71b Njiningi B72a Ngungwele B72b Mpumpu B73a Tsaayi B73b Laali B73c Yaa B73d Kwe B74a Ndzindziu B74b Boma B75 Bali B76a Musieno B76b Ngee B77a Kukwa B77b Fumu B78 Wuumu [B701 Tsitsege B80 B81 Tiene B82 Boma B83 Mfinu B84a[84] Mpuon B84b[84] Mpuun B85a Mbiem B85b East Yans B85c Yeei B85d Ntsuo B85e Mpur B86 Di B87[84] Mbuun [B821 Mpe B822 Nunu B861 Ngul (Ngwi) B862 Lwel B863 Mpiin B864 West Ngongo B865 Nzadi Italics indicate extinct languages. Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left. The Guthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them. Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S) v t e Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D) (by Guthrie classification) Zone C C10 C11 Ngondi C12a Pande C12b Bogongo C13 Mbati C14 Mbomotaba C15 Bongili C16 Lobala [C101 Dibole C102 Ngando C103 Kota C104 Yaka C105 Mbenga C141 Enyele C142 Bondongo C143 Mbonzo C161 Bomboli C162 Bozaba C20 C21 Mboko C22 Akwa C23[21] Ngare C24 Koyo C25 Mbosi C26 Kwala C27 Kuba [C201 Bwenyi C30 C31a Loi C31b Ngiri C31c Nunu C32 Bobangi C33 Sengele C34 Sakata C35a Ntomba C35b Bolia C36a Poto C36b Mpesa C36c Mbudza C36d Mangala C36e Boloki C36f Kangana C36g Ndolo C37 Buja [C301 Doko C302 Bolondo C311 Mabaale C312 Ndoobo C313 Litoka C314 Balobo C315 Enga C321 Binza C322 Dzamba C323 Mpama C371 Tembo (Litembo) C372 Kunda C373 Gbuta C374 Babale C40 C41 Ngombe C42 Bwela C43 Bati C44 Boa C45 Angba [C401 Pagibete C403 Kango C411 Bomboma C412 Bamwe C413 Dzando C414 Ligendza C415 Likula C441 Bango C50 C51 Mbesa C52 So C53 Poke C54 Lombo C55 Kele C56 Foma [C501 Likile C502 Linga C60 C61a Northeast Mongo C61b Northwest Mongo C62 Lalia [C63 Ngando C611 Bafoto C70 C71 Tetela C72 Kusu C73 Nkutu C74 Yela C75 Kela C76 Ombo [C701 Langa C80 C81 Dengese C82 Songomeno C83 Busoong C84 Lele C85 Wongo Zone D D10 D11 Mbole D12 Lengola D13 Metoko D14 Enya [D141 Zura D20 D21 Bali D22 Amba D23 Komo D24 Songola D25 Lega D26 Zimba D27 Bangubangu D28a West Holoholo D28b East Holoholo [D201 Liko D211 Kango D251 Lega-Malinga D281 Tumbwe D282 Lumbwe D30 D31 Peri D32 Bira D33 Nyali [D301 Kari D302 Guru D303 Ngbinda D304 Homa D305 Nyanga-li D306 Gbati-ri D307 Mayeka D308 Bodo D311 Bila D312 Kaiku D313 Ibutu D331 Bvanuma D332 Budu D333 Ndaaka D334 Mbo D335 Beeke D336 Ngbee [J]D40 [J]D41 Konzo [J]D42 Ndandi [J]D43 Nyanga [J]D50 [J]D51 Hunde [J]D52 Haavu [J]D53 Nyabungu [J]D54 Bembe [J]D55 Buyi [J]D56 Kabwari [JD501 Nyindu [J]JD502 Yaka [J]JD531 Tembo (Chitembo) [J]D60 [J]D61 Ruanda [J]D62 Rundi [J]D63 Fuliiro [J]D64 Shubi [J]D65 Hangaza [J]D66 Ha [J]D67 Vinza [JD631 Vira Italics indicate extinct languages. Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left. The Guthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them. Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S) v t e Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H) (by Guthrie classification) Zone E [J]E10 [J]E11 Nyoro [J]E12 Tooro [J]E13 Nyankore [J]E14 Ciga [J]E15 Ganda [J]E16 Soga [J]E17 Gwere [J]E18 Nyala [JE101 Gungu JE102 Talinga-Bwisi JE103 Ruli JE121 Hema [J]E20 [J]E21 Nyambo [J]E22 Ziba [J]E23 Dzindza [J]E24 Kerebe [J]E25 Jita [JE221 Rashi JE251 Kwaya JE252 Kara JE253 Ruri [J]E30 [J]E31a Gisu [J]E31b Kisu [J]E31c Bukusu [J]E32a Hanga [J]E32b Tsotso [J]E33 Nyore [J]E34 Saamia [J]E35 Nyuli [JE341 Xaayo JE342 Marachi JE343 Songa [J]E40 [J]E41 Logooli [J]E42 Gusii [J]E43 Koria [J]E44 Zanaki [J]E45 Nata E46 Sonjo [JE401 Nguruimi JE402 Ikizu JE403 Suba/Suba-Simbiti JE404 Shashi JE405 Kabwa JE406 Singa JE407 Ware JE411 Idaxo JE412 Isuxa JE413 Tiriki JE431 Simbiti JE432 Hacha JE433 Surwa JE434 Sweta E50 E51 Kikuyu E52 Embu E53 Meru E54 Saraka E55 Kamba E56 Daiso [E531 Mwimbi-Muthambi E541 Cuka E60 E61[621a] Rwo E62a[621b,622a] Hai E62b[622c] Wunjo E62c[623] Rombo E63 Rusa E64 Kahe E65 Gweno E70 E71 Pokomo E72a Gyriama E72b Kauma E72c Conyi E72d Duruma E72e Rabai E73 Digo E74a Dabida E74b[741] Sagala [E701 Elwana E731 Segeju E732 Degere E74 Taita Zone F F10 F11 Tongwe F12 Bende [J]F20 [J]F21 Sukuma [J]F22 Nyamwezi [J]F23 Sumbwa [J]F24 Kimbu [J]F25 Bungu F30 F31 Nilamba F32 Remi F33 Langi F34 Mbugwe Zone G G10 G11 Gogo G12 Kaguru G20 G21 Tubeta G22 Asu G23 Shambala G24 Bondei [G221 Mbugu G30 G31 Zigula G32 Ngwele G33 Zaramo G34 Ngulu G35 Ruguru G36 Kami G37 Kutu G38 Vidunda G39 Sagala [G301 Doe G311 Mushungulu G40 G41 Tikuu G42a Amu G42b Mvita G42c Mrima G42d Unguja G43a Phemba G43b Tumbatu G43c Hadimu G44a Ngazija G44b Njuani [G402 Makwe G403 Mwani G404 Sidi G411 Socotra Swahili G412 Mwiini G50 G51 Pogolo G52 Ndamba G60 G61 Sango G62 Hehe G63 Bena G64 Pangwa G65 Kinga G66 Wanji G67 Kisi [G651 Magoma Zone H H10 H11 Beembe H12 Vili H13 Kunyi H14 Ndingi H15 Mboka H16a South Kongo H16b Central Kongo H16c Yombe H16d Fiote H16e Bwende H16f Laadi H16g East Kongo H16h Southeast Kongo [H111 Hangala H112 Kamba-Doondo H131 Suundi H20 H21a Kimbundu H21b Mbamba H22 Sama H23 Bolo H24 Songo H30 H31 Yaka H32 Suku H33 [L12b] Hungu H34 Mbangala H35 Sinji [H321 Soonde H40 H41 Mbala H42 Hunganna Italics indicate extinct languages. Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left. The Guthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them. Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S) v t e Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M) (by Guthrie classification) Zone J* [J]D40 [J]D41 Konzo [J]D42 Ndandi [J]D43 Nyanga [J]D50 [J]D51 Hunde [J]D52 Haavu [J]D53 Nyabungu [J]D54 Bembe [J]D55 Buyi [J]D56 Kabwari [JD501 Nyindu [J]JD502 Yaka [J]JD531 Tembo [J]D60 [J]D61 Ruanda [J]D62 Rundi [J]D63 Fuliiro [J]D64 Subi [J]D65 Hangaza [J]D66 Ha [J]D67 Vinza [JD631 Vira [J]E10 [J]E11 Nyoro [J]E12 Tooro [J]E13 Nyankore [J]E14 Ciga [J]E15 Ganda [J]E16 Soga [J]E17 Gwere [J]E18 Nyala [JE101 Gungu JE102 Talinga-Bwisi JE103 Ruli JE121 Hema [J]E20 [J]E21 Nyambo [J]E22 Ziba [J]E23 Dzindza [J]E24 Kerebe [J]E25 Jita [JE221 Rashi JE251 Kwaya JE252 Kara JE253 Ruri [J]E30 [J]E31a Gisu [J]E31b Kisu [J]E31c Bukusu [J]E32a Hanga [J]E32b Tsotso [J]E33 Nyore [J]E34 Saamia [J]E35 Nyuli [JE341 Xaayo JE342 Marachi JE343 Songa [J]E40 [J]E41 Logooli [J]E42 Gusii [J]E43 Koria [J]E44 Zanaki [J]E45 Nata E46 Sonjo [JE401 Nguruimi JE402 Ikizu JE403 Suba/Suba-Simbiti JE404 Shashi JE405 Kabwa JE406 Singa JE407 Ware JE411 Idaxo JE412 Isuxa JE413 Tiriki JE431 Simbiti JE432 Hacha JE433 Surwa JE434 Sweta [J]F20 [J]F21 Sukuma [J]F22 Nyamwezi [J]F23 Sumbwa [J]F24 Kimbu [J]F25 Bungu Zone K K10 K11 Chokwe K12a Luimbi K12b Nyemba K13 Lucazi K14 Lwena K15 Mbunda K16 Nyengo K17 Mbwela K18 Nkangala K20 K21 Lozi K30 K31 Luyana K32 Mbowe K33 Kwangali K34 Mashi K35 Simaa K36 Sanjo K37 Kwangwa [K321 Mbume K322 Liyuwa K332 Manyo K333 Mbukushu K334 Mbogedu K351 Mulonga K352 Mwenyi K353 Koma K354 Imilangu K371 Kwandi K40 K41 Totela K42 Subiya [K402 Fwe K411 Totela of Namibia Zone L L10 L11 Pende L12 Samba & Holu L13 Kwese [L101 Sonde L20 L21 Kete L22 Binji Mbagani L23 Songe L24 Luna [L201 Budya L202 Yazi L221 Lwalwa L231 Binji L30 L31a Luba-Kasai L31b Lulua L32 Kanyoka L33 Luba-Katanga L34 Hemba L35 Sanga [L301 Kebwe L331 Zeela L40 L41 Kaonde L50 L51 Salampasu L52 Lunda L53 Ruund [L511 Luntu L60 L61 Mbwera L62 Nkoya [L601 Kolwe L602 Lushangi L603 Shasha Zone M M10 M11 Pimbwe M12 Rungwa M13 Fipa M14 Rungu M15 Mambwe [M131 Kuulwe M20 M21 Wanda M22 Mwanga M23 Nyiha M24 Malila M25 Safwa M26 Iwa M27 Tambo [M201 Lambya M202 Sukwa M30 M31 Nyakyusa [M301 Ndali M302 Penja M40 M41 Taabwa M42 Bemba [M401 Bwile M402 Aushi M50 M51 Biisa M52 Lala M53 Swaka M54 Lamba M55 Seba [M521 Ambo M522 Luano M541 Lima M542 Temba M60 M61 Lenje M62 Soli M63 Ila M64 Tonga [M611 Lukanga Twa M631 Sala M632 Lundwe M633 Kafue Twa Italics indicate extinct languages. Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left. The Guthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them. Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S) v t e Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S) (by Guthrie classification) Zone N N10 N11 Manda N12 Ngoni N13 Matengo N14 Mpoto N15 Tonga [N101 Ndendeule N102 Nindi N121 Ngoni of Malawi N20 N21 Tumbuka [N201 Mwera of Mbamba Bay N30 N31a Nyanja N31b Cewa N31c Manganja N40 N41 Nsenga N42 Kunda N43 Nyungwe N44 Sena N45[44] Rue N46[44] Podzo [N441 Sena-Malawi Zone P P10 P11 Ndengereko P12 Ruihi P13 Matumbi P14 Ngindo P15 Mbunga P20 P21 Yao P22 Mwera P23 Makonde P24 Ndonde P25 Mabiha P30 P31 Makua P32 Lomwe P33 Ngulu P34 Cuabo [P311 Koti P312 Sakati P331 Lomwe of Malawi P341 Moniga Zone R R10 R11 Umbundu R12 Ndombe R13 Nyaneka R14 Khumbi [R101 Kuvale R102 Kwisi R103 Mbali R20 R21 Kwanyama R22 Ndonga R23 Kwambi R24 Ngandyera [R211 Kafima R212 Evale R213 Mbandja R214 Mbalanhu R215 Ndongwena R216 Kwankwa R217 Dombondola R218 Esinga R241 Kwaluudhi R242 Kolonkadhi-Eunda R30 R31 Herero [R311 North-West Herero R312 Botswana Herero R40 R41 Yei Zone S S10 S11 Korekore S12 Zezuru S13a Manyika S13b Tebe S14 Karanga S15 Ndau S16 Kalanga S20 S21 Venda S30 S31a Tswana S31b Kgatla S31c Ngwatu S31d[311] Khalaxadi S32a Pedi S32b Lobedu S33 Sotho [S301 Phalaborwa S302 Kutswe S303 Pai S304 Pulana S40 S41 Xhosa S42 Zulu S43 Swati S44 (Northern) Ndebele [S401 Old Mfengu S402 Bhaca S403 Hlubi S404 Phuthi S405 Nhlangwini S406 Lala S407 South Ndebele S408 Sumayela Ndebele S50 S51 Tswa S52[53] Gwamba S53 Tsonga S54 Ronga [S511 Hlengwe S60 S61 Copi S62 Tonga [S611 Lenge Italics indicate extinct languages. Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left. The Guthrie classification is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them. Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M) Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S) --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [List of Bantu languages](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bantu_languages) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Bantu_languages?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.