# Lipandra

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{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Chenopodium polyspermum leaves and flowers 1 AB.jpg
| image_caption = Manyseed goosefoot (''Lipandra polysperma'')
| display_parents = 3
| genus = Lipandra
| parent_authority = [Moq.](/source/Alfred_Moquin-Tandon)
| species = polysperma
| authority = ([L.](/source/Carl_Linnaeus)) [S. Fuentes](/source/Susy_Fuentes-Bazan1), [Uotila](/source/Pertti_Uotila) & [Borsch](/source/Thomas_Borsch)
| synonyms = 
* ''Chenopodium polyspermum'' <small>L.</small>
* ''Atriplex polysperma'' <small>(L.) Crantz</small>
* ''Vulvaria polysperma'' <small>(L.) Bubani</small>
* ''Lipandra atriplicoides'' <small>(Less.) Moq.</small>
* ''Oligandra atriplicoides'' <small>Less.</small>
}}

'''''Lipandra polysperma''''' (Syn. ''Chenopodium polyspermum''), common name '''manyseed goosefoot''',<ref>{{PLANTS|id=CHPO|taxon=Chenopodium polyspermum|accessdate=16 January 2016}}</ref> is the only species of the [monotypic](/source/monotypic) plant [genus](/source/genus) '''''Lipandra''''' from the subfamily [Chenopodioideae](/source/Chenopodioideae) of the family [Amaranthaceae](/source/Amaranthaceae).

== Description ==
Many-seeded goosefoot is a non-aromatic, glabrous [annual](/source/Annual_plant) herb, which can grow up to 1 m tall, although often has a sprawling habit. The stem is square in cross-section and can be green or bright red. The leaves (and subsequently branches) are alternate but sometimes nearly opposite at the base. it has no stipules. The petioles are up to 2.5 cm long, and the leaves are ovate-elliptic, 3-5 cm long, and usually have untoothed margins.<ref name=Sell1>{{cite book |last1=Sell |first1=Peter |last2=Murrell |first2=Gina |title=Flora of Great Britain and Ireland, vol 1 |date=2018 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge}}</ref><ref name=Rose>{{cite book |last1=Rose |first1=Francis |title=The Wild Flower Key |date=2006 |publisher=Frederick Warne |location=London|isbn=978-0-7232-5175-0}}</ref>

The [inflorescence](/source/inflorescence)s consist of loose dichasia in the axils of leaf-like bracts, sometimes of more condensed glomerules of flowers arranged spicately. The flowers are [bisexual](/source/bisexual) or [pistillate](/source/pistillate), with (4-) 5 nearly free [perianth](/source/perianth) segments,
1-3 (-5) [stamens](/source/stamens) and an ovary with 2 [stigmas](/source/Stigma_(botany)).

In fruit, perianth segments remain unchanged. The fruit has a membranous [pericarp](/source/pericarp), which is free from the seed. The horizontally orientated seeds are compressed-globose. The brown to blackish seed coat is undulately striate.<ref name="Fuentes-BazanUotila2012" />

== Distribution ==
''Lipandra polysperma'' is distributed in most regions of [Europe](/source/Europe) and in temperate [Asia](/source/Asia).<ref name = "GRIN" /> It is widely naturalized elsewhere, as in [North America](/source/North_America).<ref name = "Hultén" />

== Systematics ==
The species was first described in 1753 by [Carl Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus) as ''Chenopodium polyspermum'' in ''[Species Plantarum](/source/Species_Plantarum)''.<ref name="SpPl" /> After [phylogenetic](/source/phylogenetic) research, Fuentes-Bazan et al. (2012) separated this species from genus ''[Chenopodium](/source/Chenopodium)'' that would otherwise have been [polyphyletic](/source/polyphyletic). The genus ''Lipandra'' was first described by [Alfred Moquin-Tandon](/source/Alfred_Moquin-Tandon) in 1840 (in ''Chenopodearum monographica enumeratio'', p.&nbsp;19.), replacing an older illegitimate name: [Christian Friedrich Lessing](/source/Christian_Friedrich_Lessing)'s genus ''Oligandra'' (1835, not the Asteraceae genus ''Oligandra'' from 1832) had only one species, ''Oligandra atriplicoides'', that was soon considered identical with ''Chenopodium polyspermum''.<ref name="Fuentes-BazanUotila2012" />

''Lipandra polysperma'' belongs to the same tribe as ''Chenopodium'', Tribus [Atripliceae](/source/Atripliceae).<ref name="Fuentes-BazanUotila2012" />

Synonyms of genus ''Lipandra'' Moq.:<ref name="Fuentes-BazanUotila2012" />
*''Oligandra'' Less. 1835 (nom illeg., non Less. 1832)
*''Gandriloa'' Steud. (nom. illeg.)
*''Oliganthera'' Endl. (nom. illeg.)
*''Chenopodium'' [unranked] ''Polysperma'' Standl.
*''Chenopodium'' subsect. ''Polysperma'' (Standl.) Kowal ex Mosyakin & Clemants

== References ==
<references>
<ref name="Fuentes-BazanUotila2012">{{cite journal|last1=Fuentes-Bazan|first1=Susy|last2=Uotila|first2=Pertti|last3=Borsch|first3=Thomas|title=A novel phylogeny-based generic classification for ''Chenopodium'' sensu lato, and a tribal rearrangement of Chenopodioideae (Chenopodiaceae)|journal=Willdenowia - Annals of the Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem|volume=42|issue=1|year=2012|pages=14–15|issn=0511-9618|doi=10.3372/wi42.42101|doi-access=free}}</ref>
<ref name = "GRIN">{{GRIN |id=466035| name= ''Lipandra polysperma'' |accessdate=2013-07-10 }}</ref>
<ref name = "Hultén">[http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/chenopodia/cheno/chenpolv.jpg Distribution map for the northern hemisphere] from: Eric Hultén, Magnus Fries: ''Atlas of North European vascular plants.'' 1986, {{ISBN|3-87429-263-0}} at [http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/chenopodia/cheno/chenpol.html ''Den virtuella floran.''].</ref> 
<ref name = "SpPl">[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/openurl?pid=title:669&volume=1&issue=&spage=220&date=1753 Carl von Linné: ''Species Plantarum.'' Vol. 1, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae 1753, p. 220]</ref> 
</references>

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Lipandra polysperma}}
{{Wikispecies|Lipandra polysperma}}
* [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242415415 ''Chenopodium polyspermum''] in Flora of North America

{{Taxonbar|from1=Q18198585|from2=Q17271940|from3=Q159109}}

Category:Chenopodioideae
Category:Monotypic Amaranthaceae genera
Category:Plants described in 1753
Category:Botanical taxa named by Carl Linnaeus

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Lipandra](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipandra) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipandra?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.