# Liberty City Seven

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Americans charged with domestic terrorism by the Federal Bureau of Investigation

The **Liberty City Seven** were seven construction workers and members of a small [Miami](/source/Miami), [Florida](/source/Florida)-based religious group who called themselves the Universal Divine Saviors.[1] Described as a "bizarre [cult](/source/Cult)," the seven were [arrested](/source/Arrest) and charged with [terrorism](/source/Terrorism)-related offenses in 2006 by a [Federal Bureau of Investigation](/source/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation) [sting](/source/Sting_operation) investigation although their actual operational capability was extremely low and their intentions were unclear.[2] The members of the group operated out of a small [warehouse](/source/Warehouse) in the Miami neighborhood of [Liberty City](/source/Liberty_City%2C_Miami%2C_Florida).[3]

[Indicted](/source/Indictment) in [federal court](/source/United_States_federal_courts) and after all seven had refused to take a plea deal,[3] three [trials](/source/Trial) of the Liberty City Seven [defendants](/source/Defendant) took place. One defendant was [acquitted](/source/Acquittal) in the first trial, but the jury [deadlocked](/source/Hung_jury) on the other six defendants, leading to a mistrial. The second trial also resulted in a deadlocked jury and a mistrial. On the third trial of the remaining six defendants, five were [convicted](/source/Conviction) on some of the counts, including the group's leader, Narseal Batiste, the only defendant to be convicted on all four charges. One more defendant was acquitted of all charges in the third trial.

The FBI first became aware of the group in October 2005 as a result of a tip given to Miami FBI Special Agent Anthony Velazquez.

One of my colleagues comes in and says, "Look I have some information from an informant that there's a group of guys in Liberty City that are conducting military training, that are interested in over throwing the U.S. government, um, and that wanna be Al-Qaeda."[3]

A sting operation was conducted. Ultimately, the charges centered on the FBI's belief that the group was seeking money in order to commit a terrorist act. The informant posed as someone from Yemen who was willing to help their mission in Liberty City, provided they supported the al-Qaeda jihad. The FBI agents represented themselves as representatives of [al-Qaeda](/source/Al-Qaeda), and persuaded Batiste to provide plans for a stated intention to destroy the [Sears Tower](/source/Willis_Tower) (now Willis Tower) in [Chicago](/source/Chicago), the FBI field office in Miami, and other targets. [Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation](/source/Deputy_Director_of_the_Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation) [John S. Pistole](/source/John_S._Pistole) described the group's plot as more "aspirational than operational"; the group did not have the means to carry out attacks on such targets. The group had no weapons and did not seek weapons when they were offered. The group had no communication with any actual al-Qaeda or other terrorist operatives. Rather, the plan was to scam the money given to them by the informant (up to $50,000 was offered) and use it to save their fledgling construction business. Never considering that the ruse was on them in order to get the money, the FBI proceeded to bait the group into saying that the money was for a violent terrorist attack thereby leading to their ultimate arrest.[3]

## Views and beliefs

The groups held idiosyncratic [syncretic](/source/Syncretism) views.[4] [Juan Cole](/source/Juan_Cole) wrote that:

It seems pretty obvious that they are just a local African-American cult which mixed Judaism, Christianity and (a little bit of) Islam. It seems to be a of [sic] vague offshoot of the [Moors group](/source/Nuwaubian_Nation) founded by [Dwight York](/source/Dwight_York). I heard on CNN that one of them talked of being Moors. And Batiste, the leader, called whites "devils" in the tradition of the original [Nation of Islam](/source/Nation_of_Islam) and York's Moors. Now CNN is saying one member said they practiced witchcraft [likely meaning Haitian voodoo or perhaps Santería-like rituals]. One former member is called Levi-El, suggesting he might be associated with the [Black Hebrew movement](/source/Black_Hebrew_Israelites) or an offshoot. Now a relative of one of the members, Phanor, said that they wore black uniforms with a star of David arm patch and considered themselves of the Order of Melchizadek ... This Seas of David group primarily seems to have been studying the Bible. The mother of one insisted that he is a Catholic. Then there is all that Jewish symbology and terminology, even in their names. Islam was nothing more for them but a set of symbols they could pull into their syncretic local culture. The group drew on poor Haitian immigrants and local indigent African-American youth. If this were the 1960s, they'd have been Black Panthers or Communists.[4]

Followers wore uniforms bearing a [Star of David](/source/Star_of_David) and met for Bible study and [martial arts](/source/Martial_arts) practice.[5]

## Members

Batiste was the leader of the group. He is married and he and his wife Minerva have three boys and a girl. Batiste's relatives described him as a "[Moses](/source/Moses)-like" figure who roamed his neighborhood wearing a robe and carrying a crooked wooden cane as he recruited young men, based his teachings on those of the [Moorish Science Temple of America](/source/Moorish_Science_Temple_of_America).[5]

Batiste once drove a [FedEx](/source/Federal_Express) truck in [Chicago](/source/Chicago) and was a member of the volunteer [Guardian Angels](/source/Guardian_Angels), an anti-crime group. His father, Narcisse Batiste, sister and two of his brothers are [Christian ministers](/source/Minister_(Christianity)).[6] His mother Audrey Batiste died in 2000.[7]

According to the indictment, Batiste told an FBI informant posing as an [al-Qaeda](/source/Al-Qaeda) member around December 16, 2005 that he was organizing a mission to build an "Islamic Army" in order to wage [jihad](/source/Jihad) against the United States with his "soldiers" to destroy the [Sears Tower](/source/Sears_Tower). He requested a list of materials and equipment needed to wage jihad, including boots, uniforms, machine guns, radios, and vehicles.[8]

Around December 22, 2005, he provided said "al-Qaeda representative" with shoe sizes of his "soldiers" and received military boots a week later. Around that same time he requested radios, binoculars, bulletproof vests, vehicles and $50,000 cash.

On February 19, 2006, in a meeting with the "al-Qaeda representative," along with [Patrick Abraham](/source/Patrick_Abraham), he expressed interest in attending al-Qaeda training during April and gave further details of the mission to wage "a full ground war" against the United States in order to "kill all the devils we can" in a mission that would "be just as good or greater than 9/11." He requested a video camera for the trip to Chicago.

Around March 10, 2006 he along with Lyglenson Lemorin met with the FBI plant in Miami-Dade County, Florida and swore fealty to al-Qaeda. Around March 16, 2006, along with Patrick Abraham, Stanley Phanor, Naudimar Herrera, Burson Augustin, Lyglenson Lemorin, and Rotschild Augustine, Batiste met with the "al-Qaeda representative," swore an oath of loyalty to al-Qaeda and discussed plans to bomb the FBI building in five cities. At this meeting, Batiste took possession of a video camera and promised to obtain "good footage" of the North Miami Beach FBI building.

Around March 23, 2006, Batiste asked the FBI informant for a rental van for himself and his conspirators to take reconnaissance footage of the FBI building. Around March 24, 2006, [Patrick Abraham](/source/Patrick_Abraham) drove Batiste by car by the FBI and the National Guard Armory buildings in Miami-Dade, Florida. Around the same date, they traveled with the "al-Qaeda representative" to purchase a digital camera. Around March 26, 2006, Batiste and [Burson Augustin](/source/Burson_Augustin) provided the FBI informant with photographs and video footage of the FBI building and the James Lawrence King Federal Justice Building, federal courthouse, Federal Detention Center, and the Miami Police Department buildings. They met again around April 6 to discuss the photographs and footage.

Around May 24, 2006, Batiste told the "al-Qaeda representative" that he was experiencing delays because of various problems within his organization but that he wanted to continue his mission and maintain his relationship with al-Qaeda.

## Investigation and arrest

On June 22, 2006, a [grand jury](/source/Grand_jury) indicted the seven men. They were arrested during an FBI raid on the run-down warehouse in Liberty City, Miami in which the group met.[8]

The seven were arrested on June 23, 2006. Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales, at a press conference that day, said that the men had been taped promising to fight a "full ground war against the United States."[9]

The seven men named in the indictment:

- **Narseal Batiste**, a/k/a **Brother Naz**, a/k/a **Prince Manna** - Considered the ringleader.

- **Patrick Abraham**, 29, a/k/a **Brother Pat**

- **Stanley Grant Phanor**, 33, a/k/a **Brother Sunni** (although actually nicknamed "Sunny"[10])

- **Rotschild Augustine**, 25, a/k/a **Brother Rot**

- **Burson Augustin**, 24, a/k/a **Brother B**

- **Naudimar Herrera**, 25, a/k/a **Brother Naudy**

- **Lyglenson Lemorin**, 33, a/k/a **Brother Levi**, a/k/a **Brother Levi-El**

Five were U.S. citizens, one a legal immigrant from [Haiti](/source/Haiti), and the last an illegal immigrant originally from Haiti. They were accused of planning to levy a "full ground war" against the United States.

Also involved was Charles James Stewart of the [Moorish Science Temple](/source/Moorish_Science_Temple) in Chicago, a convicted rapist who was paid through the FBI informant to join the group in April. He subsequently shot one of Batiste's followers and then became a witness against him and his supporters.[11]

The two FBI informants, both Middle Eastern-born, were known as CW1, a Miami resident who had previous arrests for assault and marijuana possession, and CW2, who had worked for the FBI for six years and was awaiting approval of his petition for political asylum in the United States.[11]

Narseal Batiste (also known by some as "Prinze Nas"), 32, is a father of four and a [martial arts](/source/Martial_arts) enthusiast, who had been a member of the [Guardian Angels](/source/Guardian_Angels) in Chicago.[2]

The indictments accused the seven of being a domestic [terrorist cell](/source/Clandestine_cell_system) who plotted to blow up the Sears Tower and the FBI building in Miami and had contact with [al-Qaeda](/source/Al-Qaeda) to attempt a bombing of Sears Tower. Although no links to outside terrorist groups were alleged, nor any weapons found,[12] the arrests were the subject of a high level press briefing in [Washington D.C.](/source/Washington_D.C.) hosted by the Attorney-General[13] and made headline news in Europe the following day.[14] The Director of the FBI [Robert Mueller](/source/Robert_Mueller) cited the incident in a "Major Executive Speech" in [Cleveland](/source/Cleveland) that afternoon entitled "Protecting America from Terrorist Attack: The Threat of Homegrown Terrorism".[15]

According to the indictments, the group had been infiltrated for nearly a year by two paid FBI informants posing as [al-Qaeda](/source/Al-Qaeda) members. The warehouse they were in had been wired for surveillance and provided rent-free by the FBI since January, and members of the group discussed the terrorist plots with the undercover agents present while smoking [marijuana](/source/Marijuana). Differences had broken out in April between the leaders, causing one to be arrested for shooting a follower of the other.[11]

## Trials

The seven men charged in the terror plot.

All seven were denied bail since their arrest.[16] Their trial began on 2 October 2007 with the threat of up to 70 years in prison if convicted of all charges,[17] and ended on 13 December with one defendant acquitted and the jury unable to return a verdict on the other six, for whom a retrial was scheduled for 7 January 2008.[18] On April 16, 2008, the federal judge in the case declared a second mistrial for the six remaining defendants after the jury had been deadlocked for 13 days.[19]

The presiding judge for all three trials was [Joan A. Lenard](/source/Joan_A._Lenard).

The first trial began on October 2, 2007 in the [United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida](/source/United_States_District_Court_for_the_Southern_District_of_Florida). Prosecutors presented evidence drawn from 15,000 FBI recordings, including one in which Narseal Batiste said they would make sure no one survived destruction of the 110-story Sears Tower, and another which features ceremony in which each member of the group swears allegiance to al-Qaeda and [Osama bin Laden](/source/Osama_bin_Laden). The defense claimed that the men played along with the talk by the FBI informants of terrorist plots in the hope of obtaining money, and that they never constituted a credible terrorist threat. In the second week of the trial two of the jurors were dismissed after a police [counter-terrorism](/source/Counter-terrorism) [pamphlet](/source/Pamphlet) was found in the jury room.

The defense rested its case on November 20, 2007. The prosecution alleged that although the defendants did not have the means to carry out a terrorist attack, they "were a ready-made [terrorist cell](/source/Terrorist_cell) here for al-Qaeda" who sought to use their attacks on the Sears Tower to spark an insurrection, topple the government, and bring about the destruction of the United States.[20] The first trial ended on December 13, 2007. Lyglenson Lemorin was acquitted of all charges, and on the other six the jury deadlocked, leading to a mistrial.[21][22] The defense argument was that the men were playing along with the FBI agents in order to con for money.[22]

On December 13, 2007, after nine days of deliberations, the jury acquitted Lyglenson Lemorin, who had left the group and moved to Atlanta months before the arrests but were unable to reach a verdict on the other six.[18] The judge declared a mistrial, and the jury for a retrial was scheduled to be picked after 7 January 2008.[21][23][24][25][26][27] Following Lemorin's acquittal, he continued to be detained pending a deportation proceeding in which the same charges were reexamined. Deportation is considered a civil proceeding, where [double jeopardy](/source/Double_jeopardy) protections do not apply and a lower standard of [clear and convincing evidence](/source/Clear_and_convincing_evidence) is used rather than [reasonable doubt](/source/Reasonable_doubt).[28] After being detained by immigration authorities for three years, in Georgia, Florida, and Louisiana, he was deported to Haiti on January 20, 2011 while his appeal to an Atlanta federal court was pending.[29] The following April, Lemorin was not permitted to return for the funeral of the 15-year-old son he had fathered in the United States, who remained in the U.S. and was struck while trying to push a stalled vehicle off the highway.[30]

A second trial ended on April 16, 2008, when Lenard declared a mistrial after the second jury reported that they were deadlocked after 13 days of deliberations.

A third trial ended on May 12, 2009, when following two weeks of deliberation a jury acquitted Naudimar Herrera, but convicted the five remaining defendants. During the deliberations two of the jurors were replaced. Ringleader Batiste was convicted on all four charges brought against him. Abraham was convicted on three of the four counts against him. Phanor, Augustine, and Augustin were convicted on two counts of [providing material support for terrorism](/source/Providing_material_support_for_terrorism).[31]

The five were sentenced on November 20, 2009 by Judge [Joan Lenard](/source/Joan_Lenard) after a three-day sentencing hearing:[32]

- Narseal Batiste: 162 months in prison, followed by 35 years of supervised release;

- Patrick Abraham: 112.5 months in prison followed by 15 years of supervised release;

- Stanley Grant Phanor: 96 months in prison followed by 15 years of supervised release;

- Burson Augustin: 72 months in prison followed by 10 years of supervised release; and

- Rothschild Augustine: 84 months in prison followed by 10 years of supervised release.

## Press coverage of the arrests

The arrests were announced on 23 June at a high level press briefing in [Washington D.C.](/source/Washington_D.C.) by the Attorney-General [Alberto Gonzales](/source/Alberto_Gonzales), the Deputy Director of the [FBI](/source/FBI) John S. Pistole, and an Assistant Attorney-General Alice S. Fisher.[13]

At the press conference, the Attorney-General and the Deputy Director took questions from reporters:

- **Question:** Did any of the men have any actual contact with any members of al-Qaeda that you know of?

- **Attorney-General:** The answer to that is "No".

- **Question:** Did they have any means to carry out this plot? I mean, did you find any explosives, weapons?

- **Attorney-General:** You raise a good point ... We took action when we had enough evidence.

- **Question:** Was there anything against the Sears Tower other than this one apparent, just, kind of mention of the Sears Tower? It doesn't look like they ever took pictures or ...

- **Deputy Director of the FBI:** One of the individuals was familiar with the Sears Tower, had worked in Chicago, and was familiar with the tower. But in terms of the plans, it was more aspirational than operational.[13][33]

He assured the public that the men posed no actual danger because their plot had been caught in "its earliest stages", and that the group's only source of money and weapons would have been the undercover FBI agent.[34]

The following week the incident was featured on [The Daily Show](/source/The_Daily_Show), where [Jon Stewart](/source/Jon_Stewart) quipped: "Now, I am not a general. I don't have any association with any military academy. But I believe that if you are going to wage a full ground war against the United States, you need to field at least as many people as, say, a softball team."[35]

[Democracy Now](/source/Democracy_Now) interviewed two community activists in Miami on 26 June who summed up local reaction to the indictments:

[A] lot of show has been made about the militaristic boots that they had ... [I]t turns out ... the FBI bought them the boots. If you look at the indictment, the biggest piece of evidence ... is that the group may have taken pictures of a bunch of targets in South Florida. But the guys couldn't afford their own cameras, so the federal government bought them the cameras ... The federal government rented them the cars that they needed to get downtown in order to take the pictures. In addition ... the men provided the FBI informant with a list of things they needed in order to blow up these buildings, but in the list they didn't include any explosives or any materials which could be used to make explosives. So now everyone in Liberty City is joking that the guys were going to kick down the FBI building with their new boots, because they didn't have any devices which could have been used to explode ...[36]

In his afternoon speech, the Director of the FBI, [Robert Mueller](/source/Robert_Mueller), cited the case to illustrate how his department's policies were working. He also made reference to the case of [Kevin James](/source/Kevin_James_(alleged_terrorist)), the [Toledo terror plot](/source/2006_Toledo_terror_plot), and the [2006 Toronto terrorism case](/source/2006_Toronto_terrorism_case).[15]

## FBI payments

- The first informant, CW1, received $10,500 for his services and $8,815 in expenses.

- The second informant, CW2, received $17,000 and approval of his petition for political asylum in the United States.

- Expenses for Charles James Stewart and his wife to travel from Chicago to Miami came to $3,500

- Rent paid on the warehouse used for training from January to June.[11]

The trial information revised these figures

- First informant, Abbas al Saidi, received $40,000.

- Second informant, Elie Assad, received $80,000.[37]

## Media

The case was one of a type that inspired [Chris Morris](/source/Chris_Morris_(satirist)) in the making of the 2019 film *[The Day Shall Come](/source/The_Day_Shall_Come)*.[38]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** Rood, Justin (June 26, 2006). ["Seas of David? Or Seeds of David?"](https://web.archive.org/web/20120227012747/http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2006/06/seas_of_david_or_seeds_of_davi.php). *[TPM](/source/Talking_Points_Memo)*. Archived from [the original](http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2006/06/seas_of_david_or_seeds_of_davi.php) on February 27, 2012. Retrieved May 25, 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-TimesOnline_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-TimesOnline_2-1) Thompson, Paul; Baxter, Sarah (June 25, 2006). ["Bizarre cult of Sears Tower 'plotter'"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080908095707/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0%2C%2C2089-2242141%2C00.html). *[The Times](/source/The_Times)*. London. Archived from [the original](http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2089-2242141,00.html) on September 8, 2008.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-ITSO911_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-ITSO911_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-ITSO911_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-ITSO911_3-3) Reed, Dan. ["IN THE SHADOW OF 9/11"](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/in-the-shadow-of-9-11/?). Public Broadcasting System. Retrieved 16 August 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-juancole.com_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-juancole.com_4-1) [Cole, Juan](/source/Juan_Cole) (June 23, 2006). ["Cair Miami Cult Not Muslims I Just Saw"](http://www.juancole.com/2006/06/cair-miami-cult-not-muslims-i-just-saw.html). *Informed Comment*. Retrieved May 25, 2016.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Harnden_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Harnden_5-1) Harnden, Toby (June 25, 2006). ["Sect inspired 'leader of Sears Tower plot'"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1522288/Sect-inspired-leader-of-Sears-Tower-plot.html). *[The Daily Telegraph](/source/The_Daily_Telegraph)*. London, UK. Retrieved October 12, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Article"](http://www.suntimes.com/output/news/cst-nws-sears24copy1.html). *Chicago Sun-Times*. [*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

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1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-LibertyCity2006-06-22_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-LibertyCity2006-06-22_8-1) ["Indictment of 7 in Miami Accused of Plotting to Blow Up U.S. Buildings in Support of al-Qaeda: U.S. v. Batiste, et al"](https://web.archive.org/web/20060702100835/http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/terrorism/usbatiste62206ind.html). *[Department of Justice](/source/United_States_Department_of_Justice)*. June 22, 2006. Archived from [the original](http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/terrorism/usbatiste62206ind.html) on July 2, 2006.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Attorney General Gonzalez Holds a News Conference on Terrorist Arrests"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/06/23/AR2006062300942.html). *The Washington Post*. June 23, 2006. Retrieved August 13, 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** [Dreyfuss, Robert](/source/Robert_Dreyfuss) (June 25, 2006). ["Sunni -- or Sunny?"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110611033917/http://robertdreyfuss.com/blog/2006/06/sunni_or_sunny.html). *The Dreyfuss Report*. Archived from [the original](http://robertdreyfuss.com/blog/2006/06/sunni_or_sunny.html) on June 11, 2011. Retrieved May 24, 2010.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-wapocase_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-wapocase_11-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-wapocase_11-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-wapocase_11-3) Pincus, Walter (September 2, 2006). ["FBI Role in Terror Probe Questioned - Lawyers Point to Fine Line Between Sting and Entrapment"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/09/01/AR2006090101764.html). *[The Washington Post](/source/The_Washington_Post)*. Retrieved October 13, 2006.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Seven charged over 'Chicago plot'"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5110342.stm). *[BBC News](/source/BBC_News_Online)*. June 23, 2006. Retrieved October 16, 2006.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-pressconf_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-pressconf_13-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-pressconf_13-2) ["Prepared Remarks of Attorney General Alberto R. Gonzales at the Press Conference on Florida Terrorism Indictments"](https://www.globalsecurity.org/security/library/news/2006/06/sec-060623-doj01.htm). *Global Security*. June 23, 2006. Retrieved October 12, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Today"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/today/listenagain/zfriday_20060623.shtml). *[BBC Radio 4](/source/BBC_Radio_4)*. June 23, 2006. Retrieved October 16, 2006. [*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-fbiexec_15-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-fbiexec_15-1) Mueller, Robert S. (June 23, 2006). ["Remarks Prepared for Delivery by Director Robert S. Mueller, III"](https://web.archive.org/web/20060705064818/http://www.fbi.gov/pressrel/speeches/mueller062306.htm). *[Federal Bureau of Investigation](/source/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation)* (Press release). Archived from [the original](https://www.fbi.gov/pressrel/speeches/mueller062306.htm) on July 5, 2006. Retrieved October 17, 2006.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["Chicago plot suspects denied bail"](http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/5152652.stm). *BBC News*. July 5, 2006. Retrieved October 16, 2006.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-AP102007_17-0)** Anderson, Curt (October 3, 2007). ["Trial starts in Liberty City 7 case"](http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2007/10/03/trial_starts_in_liberty_city_7_case/). *[Boston.com](/source/Boston.com)*. [Associated Press](/source/Associated_Press). Retrieved October 25, 2007.[*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-anderson14_18-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-anderson14_18-1) Anderson, Curt. ["Jurors Deadlock on 6 of 7 in Sears Plot"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/14/AR2007121400556.html). *The Washington Post*. Retrieved December 16, 2007. [*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-AP_article_19-0)** ["AP article"](http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5idfDmrtarDonhbdqZdXQwhTtFYRwD9031S3G0).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** [\[osint\] Defense Rests in Miami Terrorism Trial](http://www.mail-archive.com/osint@yahoogroups.com/msg50073.html)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-cnn.com_21-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-cnn.com_21-1) ["1 Acquitted, 6 To Be Retried, In Alleged Terror Plot"](http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/law/12/13/miami.terror.trial/index.html). *[CNN](/source/CNN)*. December 13, 2007. Retrieved October 12, 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-anderson29_22-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-anderson29_22-1) Anderson, Curt (November 29, 2007). ["Prosecutor: Fla. Group Was Terror Cell"](http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5idfDmrtarDonhbdqZdXQwhTtFYRwD8T7K5V81). *Associated Press*. Retrieved December 16, 2007.{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web)}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service))

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** ["Acquitted Haitian Defendant"](http://www.miamiherald.com/2011/01/20/2026227/acquitted-haitian-defendant-in.html). *Miami Herald*. January 20, 2011. [*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Families insist suspects not terrorists"](http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/06/23/miami.reax/index.html). *CNN*. June 24, 2006. Retrieved October 12, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["FACTBOX: Miami terrorism trial of Liberty City Seven"](https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN0733513120071213). *Reuters*. December 13, 2007. Retrieved October 12, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Gage, Julienne (17 April 2008). ["2nd Mistrial in 'Liberty City 7' Case"](https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/04/16/AR2008041603607.html). *The Washington Post*. Retrieved October 12, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** ["Father: Plot suspect not in 'right mind'"](https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-06-24-terrorism-profile_x.htm). *[USA Today](/source/USA_Today)*. June 24, 2006. Retrieved October 12, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** Umansky, Eric (August 27, 2008). ["After Acquittal, U.S. Resident Now Faces Deportation"](https://www.propublica.org/article/after-acquittal-us-resident-now-faces-deportation-827). *[ProPublica](/source/ProPublica)*. Retrieved October 12, 2019. This reference quotes the [*Miami Herald* story](http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/story/657890.html) no longer available online.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** Weaver, Jay; Daniel, Trenton (January 21, 2011). ["Acquitted Liberty City Seven terror defendant deported to Haiti"](http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/crime/article24608470.html). *[McClatchyDC](/source/McClatchy)*. Retrieved October 12, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** Elfrink, Tim (April 18, 2011). ["Lyglenson Lemorin, Deported Despite Liberty City 7 Acquittal, Can't Return For Son's Funeral"](http://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/lyglenson-lemorin-deported-despite-liberty-city-7-acquittal-cant-return-for-sons-funeral-6554942). *[Miami New Times](/source/Miami_New_Times)*. Retrieved October 12, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** Cave, Damien; Gentile, Carmen (13 May 2009). ["Five Convicted in Plot to Blow Up Sears Tower"](https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/13/us/13miami.html). *The New York Times*. Retrieved October 12, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** ["Liberty City defendants sentenced to federal prison on terror-related charges"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100531183908/http://www.ice.gov/pi/nr/0911/091120miami.htm). *Immigration and Customs Enforcement*. November 20, 2009. Archived from [the original](http://www.ice.gov/pi/nr/0911/091120miami.htm) on May 31, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2016.

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1. **[^](#cite_ref-dailyshow_35-0)** Stewart, Jon (June 25, 2006). ["The Daily Show Headlines - The Apprentices"](https://web.archive.org/web/20080307012427/http://www.thedailyshow.com/video/index.jhtml?videoId=114155&title=headlines-the-apprentices). *Comedy Central*. Archived from [the original](http://www.thedailyshow.com/video/index.jhtml?videoId=114155&title=headlines-the-apprentices) on March 7, 2008. Retrieved October 12, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** [""Aspirational Rather than Operational" - 7 Arrested in Miami Terror Plot"](https://web.archive.org/web/20061018225348/http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06%2F06%2F26%2F1349235). *Democracy Now*. June 26, 2006. Archived from [the original](http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06/06/26/1349235) on 18 October 2006. Retrieved October 16, 2006.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-mh102007_37-0)** Weaver, Jay (22 October 2007). ["Tough time for Liberty City 7 defense"](http://www.miamiherald.com/news/breaking_dade/story/280185.html). *Miami Herald*. Retrieved October 15, 2007. [*[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** [*Chris Morris on satire in the Trump era and his new film 'The Day Shall Come'*](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=liV5wKAihh8), 2 October 2019, retrieved 2022-05-01

## External links

- Dequine, Jeanne; Lisberg, Adam; Kennedy, Helen (June 24, 2006). ["Oddballs tried mix of creeds & religions"](https://www.religionnewsblog.com/15040/seas-of-david-oddballs-tried-mix-of-creeds-religions). *New York Daily News* – via Religion News Blog.

- ["Indictment of 7 in Miami Accused of Plotting to Blow Up U.S. Buildings in Support of al-Qaeda: U.S. v. Batiste, et al"](http://www.pipelinenews.org/index.cfm?page=batiste62306%2Ehtm). *PipelineNews.org*. June 22, 2006.

- Umansky, Eric (February 29, 2008). ["Department of Pre-Crime"](https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2008/02/department-pre-crime). *[Mother Jones](/source/Mother_Jones_(magazine))*.

- ["In the Shadow of 9/11"](https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/documentary/in-the-shadow-of-9-11/). [*Frontline*](/source/Frontline_(American_TV_program)). Season 39. Episode 16. August 10, 2021. [PBS](/source/PBS). [WGBH](/source/WGBH-TV). Retrieved August 1, 2025.

v t e War on terror September 11 attacks War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) (Withdrawal) Iraq War (2003–2011) (Withdrawal) Participants Operational ISAF Operation Enduring Freedom participants Afghanistan Northern Alliance Iraq (Iraqi Armed Forces) NATO Pakistan United Kingdom United States European Union Philippines Ethiopia Targets Individuals Osama bin Laden Hamza bin Laden Anwar al-Awlaki Sirajuddin Haqqani Jalaluddin Haqqani Anas Haqqani Khalil Haqqani Hafiz Saeed Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Bahaziq Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Factions al-Qaeda al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula Abu Sayyaf Al-Shabaab Boko Haram Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami Hizbul Mujahideen Islamic Courts Union Jaish-e-Mohammed Jemaah Islamiyah Lashkar-e-Taiba Taliban Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan Islamic State Conflicts Operation Enduring Freedom War in Afghanistan OEF – Philippines Georgian involvement in the Iraq War OEF – Horn of Africa OEF – Trans Sahara Drone strikes in Pakistan Other Operation Active Endeavour Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002–present) Insurgency in the North Caucasus Moro conflict in the Philippines Iraq War Iraqi insurgency Operation Linda Nchi Terrorism in Saudi Arabia Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa War in Somalia (2006–2009) 2007 Lebanon conflict al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen Policies Patriot Act (2001) Torture Memos (2002) Military Commissions Act of 2006 Military Commissions Act of 2009 President's Surveillance Program Protect America Act of 2007 Rollback Terrorist Surveillance Program Related Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse Axis of evil Bush Doctrine Clash of Civilizations Cold War Combatant Status Review Tribunal Criticism of the war on terror CIA black sites Killing of Ayman al-Zawahiri Killing of Osama bin Laden Enhanced interrogation techniques Extrajudicial prisoners Extraordinary rendition Guantanamo Bay detention camp Iranian Revolution Islamic terrorism Islamism Operation Noble Eagle Operation Eagle Assist Situation Room photograph State Sponsors of Terrorism Targeted killing Targeted Killing in International Law Targeted Killings: Law and Morality in an Asymmetrical World Unitary executive theory Unlawful combatant CAGE Category Commons

v t e Alleged militants in the war on terror who have lived in United States People listed in italics have died. September 11 attacks Khalid Sheikh Mohammed1 Mohamed Atta Satam al-Suqami Waleed al-Shehri Wail al-Shehri Abdulaziz al-Omari Marwan al-Shehhi Fayez Banihammad Mohand al-Shehri Hamza al-Ghamdi Ahmed al-Ghamdi Hani Hanjour Khalid al-Mihdhar Majed Moqed Nawaf al-Hazmi Salem al-Hazmi Ziad Jarrah Ahmed al-Nami Saeed al-Ghamdi Ahmed al-Haznawi Buffalo Six Sahim Alwan2 Mukhtar al-Bakri2 Kamal Derwish Jaber A. Elbaneh Faysal Galab2 Yahya Goba2 Shafal Mosed2 Yaseinn Taher2 al-Qaeda/al-Jihad Anwar al-Awlaki Adam Yahiye Gadahn Wadih el-Hage1 Ziyad Khaleel Khaled Abu al-Dahab Ali Mohamed1 Zacarias Moussaoui1 Aafia Siddiqui1 Bryant Neal Vinas1 Najibullah Zazi1 Boston cab drivers Mohamad Elzahabi2 Nabil al-Marabh2 Raed Hijazi1 Bassam Kanj Portland Seven Jeffrey Battle1 Ahmed Bilal2 Muhammad Ibrahim Bilal2 Patrice Lumumba Ford1 Mike Hawash2 October Lewis2 Habis Abdulla al Saoub Arrested in 2005 and convicted Abdulrahman Farhane1 Mahmud al-Mutazzim1 Rafiq Abdus Sabir1 Tarik Shah1 Liberty City Seven Patrick Abraham1 Burson Augustin1 Rotschild Augustine1 Narseal Batiste1 Stanley Phanor1 2007 Fort Dix plot Agron Abdullahu2 Dritan Duka1 Eljvir Duka1 Shain Duka1 Mohamad Ibrahim Shnewer1 Serdar Tatar1 D.C. Five Umer Farooq1 Waqar Khan1 Ahmed Abdullah Minni1 Aman Hassan Yasir1 Ramy Zamzam1 Others Shirwa Ahmed Yahya al-Bahrumi Mohamed Mahmood Alessa / Carlos Eduardo Almonte1 Daniel Patrick Boyd1 / Raleigh jihad group1 John Walker Lindh2 Sayed Malike1 Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah Nuradin Abdi1 Ahmed Omar Abu Ali1 Farooque Ahmed1 Iyman Faris1 Rezwan Ferdaus1 Michael Finton1 Jude Kenan Mohammad ”AustraliWitness”1 Nidal Hasan1 David Headley1 Daniel Maldonado1 José Padilla1 Tahawwur Hussain Rana1 Michael Curtis Reynolds1 Faisal Shahzad1 Hosam Maher Husein Smadi1 Majid Khan2 Jose Pimentel Related articles Detroit Sleeper Cell Virginia jihad network 2005 Los Angeles bomb plot 2009 Little Rock recruiting office shooting 2010 Portland car bomb plot 2011 Manhattan plot 1 Currently imprisoned. 2 Released after serving sentence.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Liberty City Seven](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_City_Seven) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_City_Seven?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.