# Li (mass)
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{{Short description|Traditional Chinese unit for weight}}
'''Li''' ({{lang-zh|s=厘 |t=釐 |p=lí}}), called '''lei''' in [Cantonese](/source/Cantonese), '''ly''' in [Vietnamese](/source/Vietnamese_language) or "[cash](/source/Cash_(unit))" in English, is a traditional Chinese unit for weight measurement. It originated in China before being introduced to neighboring countries in East Asia. Nowaday, the mass of 1 ''li'' equals 50 mg (i.e., 0.05 grams) in mainland China,[[http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/2001/appendix6.htm Weights and Measures in Use in Taiwan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229224604/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/2001/appendix6.htm# |date=2010-12-29}} from the ''Republic of China Yearbook'' – Taiwan 2001.]
37.8 mg in Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia,[{{Cite web |title=Weights and Measures Ordinance |url=https://www.elegislation.gov.hk/hk/cap68!en?xpid=ID_1438403555032_004 |website=Laws of Hong Kong}}][{{Cite web |title=Weights and Measures Act |url=https://sso.agc.gov.sg/Act/WMA1975#Sc3- |website=Statutes of the Republic of Singapore}}][{{Cite web |title=Weights and Measures Act 1972 |url=http://www.kpdnkk.gov.my/akta-timbang-dan-sukat-1972 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201182503/http://www.kpdnkk.gov.my/akta-timbang-dan-sukat-1972 |archive-date=2014-02-01 |website=Laws of Malaysia}}] and 37.8 mg in Vietnam.[ ''Li'' is mostly used in the traditional markets.][{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-11/09/content_1988933.htm 1959 Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China], [http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1959/gwyb195916.pdf No. 180], pages 311 to 312]
==China Mainland==
On June 25, 1959, the State Council of the [People's Republic of China](/source/People's_Republic_of_China) issued the "Order on the Unified Measurement System", retaining the market measure system, with minor amendment.[{{Cite web |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2005-01/10/content_2440001.htm |title=国务院关于统一我国计量制度的命令 (Order of the State Council on unifying my country's measurement system)|access-date=2015-01-12 |archive-date=2010-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206082614/http://news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2005-01/10/content_2440001.htm }}]
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Table of mass units in the People's Republic of China since 1959[{{in lang|zh}} [http://www.gov.cn/zwgk/2011-11/09/content_1988933.htm 1959 Gazette of the State Council of the People's Republic of China], [http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1959/gwyb195916.pdf No. 180], page 316]
!Relative value
!Metric value
!Imperial value
!Notes
|-
|align=center|'''''lí'''''
|align=right|'''{{lang|zh|市厘}}'''
|align=right|'''{{frac|{{val|10000}}}}'''
|align=right|'''50 mg'''
|align=right|'''{{val|0.001764|u=oz}}'''
|align=left|[cash](/source/Cash_(mass))
|-
|align=center|''[fēn](/source/fen_(mass))''
|align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|市分}}
|align=right|{{frac|1000}}
|align=right|500 mg
|align=right|{{val|0.01764|u=oz}}
|align=left|'''[candareen](/source/candareen)'''
|-
|align=center|''[qián](/source/qian_(mass))''
|align=right|{{lang|zh|市錢}}
|align=right|{{frac|100}}
|align=right|5 g
|align=right|0.1764 oz
|align=left|[mace](/source/mace_(measurement)) or Chinese [dram](/source/dram_(unit))
|-
|align=center|''[liǎng](/source/liang_(mass))''
|align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|市兩}}
|align=right|{{frac|10}}
|align=right|50 g
|align=right|1.764 oz
|align=left|[tael](/source/tael) or Chinese [ounce](/source/ounce)
|-
|align=center|''[jīn](/source/Jin_(mass))''
|align=right|{{lang|zh|市斤}}
|align=right|1
|align=right|500 g
|align=right|1.102 lb
|align=left|[catty](/source/catty) or Chinese [pound](/source/pound_(mass))
formerly 16 liang = 1 jin
|-
|align=center|''[dàn](/source/dan_(mass))''
|align=right|{{lang|zh-hant|市擔}}
|align=right|100
|align=right|50 kg
|align=right|110.2 lb
|align=left|[picul](/source/picul) or Chinese [hundredweight](/source/hundredweight)
|}
where 1 ''li'' equals 50 mg or 0.05 grams, and 10 ''li'' equals 1 ''fen''.[{{cite book|author1-link=Tonio Andrade |last=Andrade |first=Tonio |year=2005 |title=How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century |url=http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/ |publisher=Columbia University Press |chapter=Appendix A: Weights, Measures, and Exchange Rates |chapter-url=http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/appA.html }}]
{| class=wikitable
|+ Table of units of mass in Taiwan
!colspan=4|Unit!!rowspan=2|Relative value
!colspan=2| [Metric](/source/Metric_system)!!colspan=2| [US](/source/US_customary_units) & [Imperial](/source/Imperial_units)!!rowspan=2|Notes
|-
!!!!Character
!Legal!!Decimal!!Exact!!Approx.
|-
| '''Lî''' || '''Lî''' || '''Lí''' ||align=center| {{large|{{lang|zh-tw|'''釐'''}}}} ||align=right| '''{{frac|1000}} '''
|align=right| '''{{sfrac|3|80,000}}{{nbsp}}[kg](/source/kilogram)''' ||align=right| '''37.5{{nbsp}}[mg](/source/milligram)'''
|align=right| '''{{sfrac|3750|45,359,237}}{{nbsp}}[lb](/source/avoirdupois_pound)''' ||align=right| '''0.5787{{nbsp}}[gr](/source/grain_(unit))'''
|[Cash](/source/Cash_(unit)); Same as [Japanese](/source/Japanese_units_of_measurement) ''Rin''
|-
| Hun || Fûn || [Fēn](/source/fen_(mass)) ||align=center| {{large|{{lang|zh-tw|分}}}} ||align=right| {{frac|100}}
|align=right| {{sfrac|3|8000}}{{nbsp}}[kg](/source/kilogram) ||align=right| 375{{nbsp}}[mg](/source/milligram)
|align=right| {{sfrac|37,500|45,359,237}}{{nbsp}}[lb](/source/avoirdupois_pound)||align=right| 5.787{{nbsp}}[gr](/source/grain_(unit))
|[Candareen](/source/Candareen); Same as [Japanese](/source/Japanese_units_of_measurement) ''Fun''
|-
| Chîⁿ || Chhièn || [Qián](/source/qian_(mass)) ||align=center| {{large|{{lang|zh-tw|錢}}}} ||align=right| {{frac|10}}
|align=right| {{sfrac|3|800}}{{nbsp}}[kg](/source/kilogram) ||align=right| 3.75{{nbsp}}[g](/source/gram_(unit))
|align=right| {{sfrac|375,000|45,359,237}}{{nbsp}}[lb](/source/avoirdupois_pound) ||align=right| 2.116{{nbsp}}[dr](/source/avoirdupois_dram)
|[Mace](/source/Mace_(measurement)); Same as [Japanese](/source/Japanese_units_of_measurement) ''Momme'' ({{lang|ja|匁}})
|-
| Niú || Liông || [Liǎng](/source/Liang_(mass)) ||align=center| {{large|{{lang|zh-tw|兩}}}} ||align=right| 1
|align=right| {{sfrac|3|80}}{{nbsp}}[kg](/source/kilogram) ||align=right| 37.5{{nbsp}}[g](/source/gram_(unit))
|align=right| {{sfrac|3,750,000|45,359,237}}{{nbsp}}[lb](/source/avoirdupois_pound)||align=right| 21.16{{nbsp}}[dr](/source/avoirdupois_dram)
|'''[Tael](/source/Tael)'''
|-
| Kin/Kun || Kîn || [Jīn](/source/Jin_(mass)) ||align=center| {{large|{{lang|zh-tw|斤}}}} ||align=right| 16
|align=right| {{sfrac|3|5}}{{nbsp}}[kg](/source/kilogram) ||align=right| 600{{nbsp}}[g](/source/gram_(unit))
|align=right| {{sfrac|60,000,000|45,359,237}}{{nbsp}}[lb](/source/avoirdupois_pound) ||align=right| 1.323{{nbsp}}[lb](/source/avoirdupois_pound)
|[Catty](/source/Catty); Same as [Japanese](/source/Japanese_units_of_measurement) ''Kin''
|-
| Tàⁿ || Tâm || [Dàn](/source/dan_(mass)) ||align=center| {{large|{{lang|zh-tw|擔}}}} ||align=right| 1600
| colspan=2 align=right| 60{{nbsp}}[kg](/source/kilogram)
|align=right| {{sfrac|6,000,000,000|45,359,237}}{{nbsp}}[lb](/source/avoirdupois_pound) ||align=right| 132.3{{nbsp}}[lb](/source/avoirdupois_pound)
|[Picul](/source/Picul); Same as [Japanese](/source/Japanese_units_of_measurement) ''Tan''
|}
==Hong Kong and Macau==
In Hong Kong, one ''li'' is equal to 1/10 ''fen'', which is 37.799 mg or 0.037799 grams.[''Law No. 14/92/M'' ({{in lang|zh}} {{lang|zh|[http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/92/34/lei14_cn.asp 第14/92/M號法律]}}; {{in lang|pt}} [http://bo.io.gov.mo/bo/i/92/34/lei14.asp Lei n.o 14/92/M])]
!Character
!English
!Portuguese
!Relative value
!Relation to the Traditional Chinese Units (Macau)
!Metric value
!Imperial value
!Notes
|-
| align="right" | '''''lei4'''''
| align="right" | '''{{lang|zh|厘}}'''
| align="center" | '''''li (cash)'''''
|align=right| '''liz'''
|align=right| '''{{frac|{{val|16000}}}}'''
|'''{{frac|10}} condorim'''
| align="right" | '''{{val|37.79931|u=mg}}'''
|align=right| '''{{val|0.02133|u=dr}}'''
|align=left|
|-
| align="right" | ''fan1''
| align="right" | {{lang|zh-hant|分}}
| align="center" | ''[fen (fan, candareen)](/source/fen_(mass)) ''
|align=right| condorim
|align=right| {{frac|1600}}
|{{frac|10}} maz
| align="right" | {{val|377.9936375|u=mg}}
|align=right| 0.2133 dr
|align=left|
|-
| align="right" | ''cin4''
| align="right" | {{lang|zh|錢}}
| align="center" | ''[qian (mace, tsin)](/source/qian_(mass))''
|align=right| maz
|align=right| {{frac|160}}
|{{frac|10}} tael
| align="right" | {{val|3.779936375|u=g}}
|align=right| 2.1333 dr
|align=left|
|-
| align="right" | ''loeng2''
| align="right" | {{lang|zh-hant|兩}}
| align="center" | ''[liang (leung, tael)](/source/liang_(mass))''
|align=right| tael
|align=right| {{frac|16}}
|{{frac|16}} cate
| align="right" | {{val|37.79936375|u=g}}
|align=right| 1.3333 oz
|align=left| 604.78982/16=37.79936375
|-
| align="right" | ''gan1''
| align="right" | {{lang|zh|斤}}
| align="center" | ''[jin (gan, catty)](/source/jin_(mass))''
|align=right| cate
|align=right| 1
|{{frac|100}} pico
| align="right" | 604.78982 g
|align=right| 1.3333 lb
|align=left| Hong Kong and Macau share the definition.
|-
| align="right" | ''daam3''
| align="right" | {{lang|zh-hant|擔}}
| align="center" | ''[dan, (tam, picul)](/source/dan_(mass))''
|align=right| pico
|align=right| 100
|None
| align="right" | 60.478982 kg
|align=right| 133.3333 lb
|align=left| Hong Kong and Macau share the definition.
|}
Singapore and Malaysia have similar regulations as Hong Kong, as they are all former British colonies.[{{cite web|title=Vietnam, units of mass|work=Sizes|publisher=Sizes, Inc|date=2005-12-28|url=http://www.sizes.com/units/charts/UTBLVietnam_wts.htm}}]
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Early 20th-century units of weight
|-
! Name in ''[Chữ Quốc ngữ](/source/Vietnamese_alphabet)'' !! [Hán](/source/Ch%E1%BB%AF_H%C3%A1n)/[Nôm](/source/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m) name !! Traditional value !! Traditional conversion !! Modern value !! Modern conversion
|-
| ''tấn'' || 擯 || 604.5 kg || 10 ''tạ'' || {{nobr|1 000}} kg || 10 ''tạ''
|-
| ''quân''[{{cite book|title=Manuel de conversation française-annamite|trans-title=French-Annamite conversation manual|location=[Saigon](/source/Ho_Chi_Minh_City)|publisher=Imprimerie de la Mission|year=1911|pages=175–178|language=fr}}] || || 302.25 kg || 5 ''tạ'' || 500 kg || obsolete
|-
| ''tạ'' || 榭 || 60.45 kg || 10 ''yến'' || 100 kg || 10 ''yến''
|-
| ''bình''