# Les Transformateurs

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**Les Transformateurs** (English: *The Transformers*; Arabic: المحوِّلون) is a political party in [Chad](/source/Chad).[1] It was part of the opposition to the [Chadian President](/source/President_of_Chad) [Idriss Déby](/source/Idriss_D%C3%A9by), and the [Transitional Military Council](/source/Transitional_Military_Council_(Chad)) that succeeded him after his death in 2021.

## History

The party was founded on 29 April 2018 by [Succès Masra](/source/Succ%C3%A8s_Masra), to bring together Chadians "from the outside as well as from the inside" and to turn the country into a functioning [social democracy](/source/Social_democracy).[2][3][4][5]

Masra and his party played a prominent role in the [2022 Chadian protests](/source/2022_Chadian_protests), condemning security forces for violence against protesters.[6] Masra fled the country in the aftermath of the protests and lived in [exile](/source/Exile) in the [United States](/source/United_States) for some time.[7][8] In his absence, the party's registration was temporarily suspended by the Transitional Military Council, but was reinstated in January 2023.[9]

On 1 January 2024, Masra was appointed [Prime Minister of Chad](/source/Prime_Minister_of_Chad), following an agreement brokered by the [Economic Community of Central African States](/source/Economic_Community_of_Central_African_States) permitting Masra to return to Chad after an amnesty was granted to him.[10]

In the [2024 presidential election](/source/2024_Chadian_presidential_election), Succès Masra ran for president as a candidate of the Les Transformateurs party. It was the first time in Chad's history that a president and a prime minister faced each other in a presidential election.[11] Masra won only 18.5% of the vote, the 2nd-most voted candidate at the elections, but lost by a significant margin to incumbent president [Mahamat Déby](/source/Mahamat_D%C3%A9by).[12]

## Election results

### Presidential elections

Election Party candidate First round Second round Result Votes % Votes % 2024 Succès Masra 1,148,245 18.54% — — Lost

## References

1. ["Northern People's Congress (NPC) - Oxford Islamic Studies Online"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150603224021/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1773?_hi=0&_pos=5). *www.oxfordislamicstudies.com*. Archived from [the original](http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e1773?_hi=0&_pos=5) on June 3, 2015. Retrieved 2020-09-06.

1. Olivier, Mathieu (18 May 2018). ["Succès Masra, de la BAD à la politique : " Il faut mettre fin à l'idée que le Tchad est un butin de guerre ""](https://www.jeuneafrique.com/560767/politique/succes-masra-de-la-bad-a-la-politique-il-faut-mettre-fin-a-lidee-que-le-tchad-est-un-butin-de-guerre/) (in French). *[Jeune Afrique](/source/Jeune_Afrique)*. Retrieved 14 October 2023.

1. Fall Diagne, Hamet (20 September 2022). ["Succès Masra: qui est cet opposant au régime tchadien?"](https://www.bbc.com/afrique/articles/c727e416k9yo) (in French). *[BBC News Afrique](/source/BBC_World_Service)*. Retrieved 14 October 2023.

1. Ehlert, Stefan (4 August 2016). ["Chad's Deby unwilling to quit"](https://www.dw.com/en/chads-authoritarian-deby-unwilling-to-quit/a-19173621). *[DW](/source/Deutsche_Welle)*. Retrieved 14 October 2023.

1. ["In Pictures: Most Corrupt Nations"](https://www.forbes.com/2007/04/03/corruption-countries-nations-biz-07caphosp-cx_da_0403corrupt_slide.html). *[Forbes](/source/Forbes)*. 3 April 2007. Retrieved 14 October 2023.

1. ["Several killed in crackdown on anti-government protests in Chad"](https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/several-killed-in-crackdown-on-anti-government-protests-in-chad/2716774). *www.aa.com.tr*. Retrieved 2023-04-12.

1. ["Tchad: l'opposant Succès Masra a annoncé son retour d'exil"](https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20230811-tchad-l-opposant-succ%C3%A8s-masra-a-annonc%C3%A9-son-retour-d-exil) (in French). *[RFI](/source/Radio_France_Internationale)*. 11 August 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.

1. ["Tchad: un mandat d'arrêt international émis contre l'opposant Succès Masra"](https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20231005-tchad-un-mandat-d-arr%C3%AAt-international-%C3%A9mis-contre-succ%C3%A8s-masra) (in French). *[RFI](/source/Radio_France_Internationale)*. 5 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.

1. ["Au Tchad, les partis d'opposition de nouveau autorisés après trois mois de suspension"](https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2023/01/21/au-tchad-les-partis-d-opposition-de-nouveau-autorises-apres-trois-mois-de-suspension_6158783_3212.html) (in French). *[Le Monde](/source/Le_Monde)*. 21 January 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.

1. ["Tchad: l’ex-opposant Succès Masra nouveau Premier ministre"](https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20240101-tchad-succ%C3%A8s-masra-nouveau-premier-ministre) (in French). *[Radio France Internationale](/source/Radio_France_Internationale)*. 1 January 2024. Archived from [the original](https://www.rfi.fr/fr/en-bref/20240101-tchad-succ%C3%As-masra-nouveau-premier-ministre) on 1 January 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2024.

1. ["Chad main opposition figures barred as leaders cleared for election"](https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/3/24/chad-main-opposition-figures-barred-as-leaders-cleared-for-election). *Al Jazeera*. Retrieved 2024-03-25.

1. ["Chad's interim leader Déby wins presidential vote, says election body"](https://www.france24.com/en/africa/20240509-chad-interim-leader-d%C3%A9by-wins-presidential-vote-says-election-body). *France 24*. 2024-05-09. Retrieved 2024-05-10.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Les Transformateurs](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Transformateurs) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Transformateurs?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.