# Leptaena

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{{Short description|Genus of paleozoic brachiopods}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Darriwilian|Emsian|latest=Tournaisian}}
| image = Leptaena romboidalis 4.jpg
| image_caption = ''Leptaena rhomboidalis''
| taxon = Leptaena
| authority = Dalman, 1828
| type_species = ''[Leptaena rugosa](/source/Leptaena_rugosa)''
| type_species_authority = Dalman, 1828
| subdivision_ranks = [Species](/source/Species)
| subdivision = 
{{center|See Species}}
| synonyms = *''Kurnamena'' <small>Roomusoks, 1989</small> 
*''Leptaenopoma'' <small>Marek and Havlíček, 1967</small>
*''Orhoria'' <small>Havlicek and Storch, 1990</small>
*''Similoleptaena'' <small>Roomusoks, 1989</small>
*''Turgenostrophia''
}}

'''''Leptaena''''' is an [extinct](/source/extinct) [genus](/source/genus) of mid-sized [brachiopod](/source/brachiopod) that existed from the [Dariwilian epoch](/source/Darriwilian) to the [Emsian epoch](/source/Emsian),<ref name='Smithsonian'>{{cite web |last1=Plaza-Torres |first1=Stephanie |last2=Darroch |first2=Simon |last3=Wagner |first3=Peter |title=Family tree of a mass extinction survivor: Phylogenetic analysis of the brachiopod genus Leptaena |url=https://naturalhistory.si.edu/sites/default/files/media/file/2015-plaza-torres-poster.pdf |publisher=Smithsonian |accessdate=31 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hoel |first1=Ole |title=Palaeobiology of Silurian Leptaeninae (Brachiopoda) from Gotland, Sweden |journal= Paleontology Journal|date=21 January 2014 |volume=2014 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.1155/2014/716053 |doi-access=free }}</ref> though some specimens have been found in [strata](/source/strata) as late in age as the [Tournasian epoch](/source/Tournasian).<ref name='Smithsonian'/><ref name='PBD'>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=319542 Paleobiology Database]</ref> Like some other [Strophomenids](/source/Strophomenida), ''Lepteana'' were [epifauna](/source/epifauna)l, meaning they lived on top of the seafloor, not buried within it, and were [suspension feeder](/source/suspension_feeder)s.<ref name='Atlas'>{{cite web |last1=Stigall |first1=Alycia |title=Leptaena |url=http://www.ordovicianatlas.org/atlas/brachiopoda/strophomenata/strophomenida/rafinesquinidae/leptaena/ |website=Atlas of Ordovician Life |date=3 December 2013 |publisher=National Science Foundation |accessdate=26 March 2020}}</ref>

==Physical description==
''Leptaena'' usually have concentric wrinkling and concentric lines on the shell. ''Leptaena'' have a concavo-convex profile, and are sometimes Semiquadrate to semielliptical. The Cardinal Process is split in two and the hinge line is straight.<ref name='Atlas'/> Their width is usually greater than their length, like most [Strophomenids](/source/Strophomenida).

==Distribution==
''Leptaena'' fossils have been found on every [continent](/source/continent) except [Antarctica](/source/Antarctica).<ref name=PBD/><ref>[https://www.gbif.org/species/8338992 Global Biodiversity Information Facility]</ref><ref name='Fossilworks'>{{Cite web |url=https://www.fossilworks.org/ |title=Fossilworks |access-date=2024-11-18 |archive-date=2022-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819182839/https://www.fossilworks.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Species==
''Leptaena'' was a diverse genus, with over 70 recognized species and [subgenera](/source/subgenus). Species in the genus ''Leptaena'' include the following.<ref name='PBD'/><ref name='Fossilworks'/><ref>[http://www.catalogueoflife.org/annual-checklist/2019/browse/tree/id/a46215ccac957d327beae93d4a649dea Catalog of Life]</ref> Any synonymous genera to which a given species may belong to are labelled with the synonymous genus in parentheses.
{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
*''[L. acuta (Kurnamena)](/source/Leptaena_acuta)'' <small>(Roomusoks, 2004)</small>
*''[L. acuticuspidata](/source/Leptaena_acuticuspidata)'' <small>Amsden, 1958</small>
*''[L. aequalis](/source/Leptaena_aequalis)'' <small>Amsden, 1974</small>
*''[L. alliku](/source/Leptaena_alliku)'' <small>(Oraspold, 1956)</small>
*''[L. altera](/source/Leptaena_altera)'' <small>Rybnikova, 1966</small>
*''[L. amelia](/source/Leptaena_amelia)'' <small>(Havlicek, 1967)</small>
*''[L. analogaeformis](/source/Leptaena_analogaeformis)'' <small>Biernat, 1966</small>
*''[L. arberae](/source/Leptaena_arberae)'' <small>Kelly, 1967</small>
*''[L. argentina](/source/Leptaena_argentina)'' <small>(Thomas, 1905)</small>
*''[L. bergstroemi](/source/Leptaena_bergstroemi)'' <small>Cocks, 2005</small>
*''[L. borghiana](/source/Leptaena_borghiana)'' <small>Mergl & Massa, 1992</small>
*''[L. boyaca](/source/Leptaena_boyaca)'' <small>Caster, 1939</small>
*''[L. contermina](/source/Leptaena_contermina)'' <small>Cocks, 1968</small>
*''[L. convexa](/source/Leptaena_convexa)'' <small>Weller, 1914</small>
*''[L. cooperi](/source/Leptaena_cooperi)'' <small>Easton et al., 1958</small>
*''[L. crassorugata (Similoleptaena)](/source/Leptaena_crassorugata)'' <small>(Rõõmusoks, 2004)</small>
*''[L. croma](/source/Leptaena_croma)'' <small>(Havlicek & Storch, 1990)</small>
*''[L.crypta](/source/Leptaena_crypta)'' <small>Opik, 1930</small>
*''[L. cryptoides](/source/Leptaena_cryptoides)'' <small>(Oraspold, 1956)</small>
*''[L. dejecta](/source/Leptaena_dejecta)'' <small>(Baarli, 1995)</small>
*''[L. delicata](/source/Leptaena_delicata)'' <small>Amsden, 1949</small> 
*''[L. depressa](/source/Leptaena_depressa)'' <small>(Sowerby, 1825)</small>
*''[L. diademata](/source/Leptaena_diademata)'' <small>(Williams, 1962)</small>
*''[L. electra](/source/Leptaena_electra)'' <small>(Havlicek, 1967)</small>
*''[L. ennessbe](/source/Leptaena_ennessbe)'' <small>Spjeldnaes, 1957</small>
*''[L. enucleata](/source/Leptaena_enucleata)'' <small>Klenina, 1984</small>
*''[L. eska](/source/Leptanea_eska)'' <small>Gallager & Harper, 2024</small><ref>Gallagher, E. E.; Harper, D. A. T. (2024). "Silurian brachiopods from the Pentland Hills, Scotland". Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society. 177 (666): 1–69. doi:10.1080/02693445.2023.2307703.</ref>
*''[L. friedrichi (Similoleptaena)](/source/Leptaena_friedrichi)'' <small>(Rõõmusoks, 2004)</small>
*''[L. gibbosa](/source/Leptaena_gibbosa)'' <small>(James, 1874)</small>
*''[L. haverfordensis](/source/Leptaena_haverfordensis)'' <small>Bancroft, 1949</small>
*''[L. holcrofti](/source/Leptaena_holcrofti)'' <small>Bassett, 1974</small>
*''[L. indigena](/source/Leptaena_indigena)'' <small>Spjeldnaes, 1957</small>
*''[L. infrunita](/source/Leptaena_infrunita)'' <small>(Williams, 1962)</small>
*''[L. ingrica (Similoleptaena)](/source/Leptaena_ingrica)'' <small>(Rõõmusoks, 2004)</small>
*''[L. juvenilis](/source/Leptaena_juvenilis)'' <small>(Öpik, 1930)</small>
*''[L. kentuckiana](/source/Leptaena_kentuckiana)'' <small>Pope, 1982</small>
*''[L. lappa](/source/Leptaena_lappa)'' <small>(Havlicek & Storch, 1990)</small>
*''[L. lappina](/source/Leptaena_lappina)'' <small>(Havlicek & Storch, 1990)</small>
*''[L. laterorugata (Kurnamena)](/source/Leptaena_laterorugata)'' <small>(Roomusoks, 1989)</small>
*''[L. lemniscata](/source/Leptaena_lemniscata)'' <small>(Havlicek, 1967)</small>
*''[L. limbifera](/source/Leptaena_limbifera)'' <small>(Havlicek, 1967)</small>
*''[L. martinensis](/source/Leptaena_martinensis)'' <small>Cocks, 1968</small>
*''[L. moniquensis](/source/Leptaena_moniquensis)'' <small>Foerste, 1924</small>
*''[L. nanaformis](/source/Leptaena_nanaformis)'' <small>Zhang et al., 1983</small>
*''[L. nassichuki](/source/Leptaena_nassichuki)'' <small>Smith, 1980</small> 
*''[L. odeon](/source/Leptaena_odeon)'' <small>Havlicek, 1967</small>
*''[L. oklahomensis](/source/Leptaena_oklahomensis)'' <small>Amsden, 1951</small>
*''[L. ordovicica](/source/Leptaena_ordovicica)'' <small>(Cooper, 1956)</small>
*''[L. orhor](/source/Leptaena_orhor)'' <small>(Havlicek & Storch, 1990)</small>
*''[L. palmrei (Kurnamena)](/source/Leptaena_palmrei)'' <small>(Roomusoks, 2004)</small>
*''[L. parvirugata](/source/Leptaena_parvirugata)'' <small>Hoel, 2005</small>
*''[L. parvissima](/source/Leptaena_parvissima)'' <small>Ivanovskii & Kulkov, 1974</small>
*''[L. paucirugata](/source/Leptaena_paucirugata)'' <small>(Roomusoks 1989)</small>
*''[L. pertenuis (Similoleptaena)](/source/Leptaena_pertenuis)'' <small>(Rõõmusoks, 2004)</small>
*''[L. planitia (Similoleptaena)](/source/Leptaena_planitia)'' <small>(Rõõmusoks, 2004)</small>
*''[L. poulseni](/source/Leptaena_poulseni)'' <small>Kelly, 1967</small>
*''[L. praequalis](/source/Leptaena_praequalis)'' <small>Rozman, 1977</small>
*''[L. provellerosa](/source/Leptaena_provellerosa)'' <small>(Havlicek & Storch, 1990)</small>
*''[L. purpurea](/source/Leptaena_purpurea)'' <small>Cocks, 1968</small>
*''[L. quadrata](/source/Leptaena_quadrata)'' <small>Bancroft, 1949</small>
*''[L. quadrilatera](/source/Leptaena_quadrilatera)'' <small>(Logan, 1863)</small>
*''[L. rara](/source/Leptaena_rara)'' <small>(Alekseeva and Erlanger, 1983)</small> 
*''[L. reedi](/source/Leptaena_reedi)'' <small>Cocks, 1968</small>
*''[L. rhomboidalis](/source/Leptaena_rhomboidalis)'' <small>(Wahlanberg, 1818)</small>
*''[L. richmondensis](/source/Leptaena_richmondensis)'' <small>Foerste, 1909</small>
*''[L. roomusoki](/source/Leptaena_roomusoki)'' <small>Cocks, 2005</small>
*''[L. rugata](/source/Leptaena_rugata)'' <small>(Lindström, 1861)</small>
*''[L. rugaurita](/source/Leptaena_rugaurita)'' <small>(Havlicek, 1967)</small>
*''[L. rugosa](/source/Leptaena_rugosa)'' <small>(Dalman, 1828)</small>
*''[L. rugosides](/source/Leptaena_rugosoides)'' <small>Oraspold, 1956</small>
*''[L. salopiensis](/source/Leptaena_salopiensis)'' <small>(Williams, 1963)</small>
*''[L. semiradiata](/source/Leptaena_semiradiata)'' <small>Sowerby, 1842</small>
*''[L. senecta](/source/Leptaena_senecta)'' <small>Roomusoks, 2004</small>
*''[L. sperion](/source/Leptaena_sperion)'' <small>Bassett, 1977</small>
*''[L. spumiferra (Kurnamea)](/source/Leptaena_spumiferra)'' <small>(Opik, 1930)</small>
*''[L. strandi](/source/Leptaena_strandi)'' <small>(Spjeldnaes, 1957)</small>
*''[L. tarwanpensis (Similoleptaena)](/source/Leptaena_tarwanpensis)'' <small>(Rõõmusoks, 2004)</small>
*''[L. taxilla (Kurnamena)](/source/Leptaena_taxilla)'' <small>(Oraspold, 1965)</small>
*''[L. tenuissimestriata](/source/Leptaena_tenuissimestriata)'' <small>McCoy, 1852</small>
*''[L. tenuistrata](/source/Leptaena_tenuistrata)'' <small>Sowerby, 1839</small>
*''[L. tenuistriata](/source/Leptaena_tenuistriata)'' <small>(de Sowerby and Murchison, 1839)</small>
*''[L. trifidium (Leptaenopoma)](/source/Leptaena_trifidium)'' <small>(Marek and Havlíček, 1967)</small>
*''[L. trifidum](/source/Leptaena_trifidum)'' <small>(Marek and Havlíček, 1967)</small>
*''[L. undosa (Similoleptaena)](/source/Leptaena_undosa)'' <small>(Rõõmusoks, 2004)</small>
*''[L. valentia](/source/Leptaena_valentia)'' <small>(Cocks, 1968)</small>
*''[L. valida](/source/Leptaena_valida)'' <small>Bancroft, 1949</small>
*''[L. veldrensis](/source/Leptaena_veldrensis)'' <small>Spjeldnaes, 1957</small>
*''[L. vellerosa](/source/Leptaena_vellerosa)'' <small>Havlicek, 1967</small>
*''[L. ventricosa](/source/Leptaena_ventricosa)'' <small>Williams, 1963</small> 
*''[L. zeta](/source/Leptaena_zeta)'' <small>Lamont, 1947</small>
*''[L. ziegleri](/source/Leptaena_ziegleri)'' <small>Cocks, 1968</small>
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Portal|Paleontology}}
{{Reflist}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q2127212}}

Category:Prehistoric brachiopods
Category:Strophomenida
Category:Prehistoric brachiopod genera
Category:Ordovician brachiopods
Category:Silurian brachiopods
Category:Devonian brachiopods
Category:Paleozoic animals of Africa
Category:Paleozoic brachiopods of Asia
Category:Paleozoic animals of Australia
Category:Paleozoic animals of Europe
Category:Paleozoic brachiopods of North America
Category:Paleozoic animals of Oceania
Category:Paleozoic brachiopods of South America
Category:Paleozoic brachiopods of Africa
Category:Paleozoic brachiopods of Europe
Category:Paleozoic brachiopods of Oceania
Category:Fossils of Afghanistan
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Category:Paleozoic life of Manitoba
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Leptaena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptaena) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptaena?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.