# Leonardo Sandri

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Argentine cardinal (born 1943)

Leonardo Sandri Vice Dean of the College of Cardinals Sandri in 2014 Appointed 18 January 2020 Predecessor Giovanni Battista Re Other post Cardinal-Bishop of Santi Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari Previous posts Titular Archbishop of Aemona (1997–2007) Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela (1997–2000) Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico (2000) Substitute of the Secretariat of State (2000–2007) Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches (2007–2022) Orders Ordination 2 December 1967 by Juan Carlos Aramburu Consecration 11 October 1997 by Angelo Sodano Created cardinal 24 November 2007 by Pope Benedict XVI Rank Cardinal deacon (2007–2018) Cardinal priest (2018) Cardinal bishop (2018–) Personal details Born (1943-11-18) 18 November 1943 (age 82) Buenos Aires, Argentina Motto Ille fidelis (He remains faithful; 2 Timothy 2:13) Coat of arms

**Leonardo Sandri** (born 18 November 1943) is an Argentine prelate of the Catholic Church who has been a [cardinal](/source/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)) since November 2007 and vice dean of the [College of Cardinals](/source/College_of_Cardinals) since January 2020. He was prefect of the [Congregation for the Eastern Churches](/source/Congregation_for_the_Eastern_Churches) from 2007 to 2022. He served in the diplomatic service of the [Holy See](/source/Holy_See) from 1974 to 1991 in several overseas assignments, including as a permanent observer of the Holy See before the Organization of American States from 1989 to 1991, and in Rome as Substitute for General Affairs in the [Secretariat of State](/source/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)) from 1999 to 2007.

## Biography

### Early life and career

Sandri was born in [Buenos Aires](/source/Buenos_Aires) to Antonio Enrico Sandri and Nella Righi, who had emigrated to [Argentina](/source/Argentina) from [Ala](/source/Ala%2C_Trentino), a village in [Trentino](/source/Trentino) in Italy.[1] He studied [humanities](/source/Humanities), philosophy and [theology](/source/Theology) at the [Metropolitan Seminary](/source/Seminary) of Buenos Aires, and earned a [Licentiate in Theology](/source/Licentiate_in_Theology) from the [Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina](/source/Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Argentina). On 2 December 1967 he was [ordained](/source/Holy_Orders) to the priesthood by Archbishop [Juan Carlos Aramburu](/source/Juan_Carlos_Aramburu) and became his secretary.[2]

He also served as curate of Nuestra Señora del Carmen in [Villa Urquiza](/source/Villa_Urquiza) until 1970. He then studied at the [Pontifical Gregorian University](/source/Pontifical_Gregorian_University), where he obtained a [doctorate in canon law](/source/Doctor_of_Canon_Law), and the [Pontifical Latin American College](/source/South_American_College_in_Rome). In 1971, he entered the [Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy](/source/Pontifical_Ecclesiastical_Academy), which trains [papal diplomats](/source/Nuncio).[3]

### Diplomat and curial official

In 1974, Sandri became an official of the [Apostolic Nunciature](/source/Apostolic_Nunciature) in Madagascar and [Mauritius](/source/Mauritius), which also serves as the [Apostolic Delegation](/source/Nuncio) in the islands of [Comoros](/source/Comoros) and [Réunion](/source/R%C3%A9union) in the Indian Ocean.[1][2] He then served in the [Vatican Secretariat of State](/source/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)), as secretary of the [Substitute for General Affairs](/source/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)), including future cardinals [Eduardo Martinez Somalo](/source/Eduardo_Martinez_Somalo) and [Edward Cassidy](/source/Edward_Cassidy) from 1977 to 1989; and in the [Apostolic Nunciature in the United States](/source/Nunciature_of_the_Holy_See_in_Washington%2C_D.C.) as [permanent observer](/source/Observer_status) of the [Holy See](/source/Holy_See) before the [Organization of American States](/source/Organization_of_American_States), from 1989 to 1991.[2]

He became regent of the [Prefecture of the Pontifical Household](/source/Prefecture_of_the_Pontifical_Household) on 22 August 1991[4] and assessor of the Section for General Affairs in the Secretariat of State on 2 April 1992.[5]

On 22 July 1997, Sandri was appointed [Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela](/source/Apostolic_Nuncio_to_Venezuela) and [Titular Archbishop](/source/Titular_bishop) of [Aemona](/source/Aemona_(Titular_See)) by [Pope John Paul II](/source/Pope_John_Paul_II).[6] He received his [episcopal consecration](/source/Bishop_(Catholicism)) on the following 11 October from Cardinal [Angelo Sodano](/source/Angelo_Sodano), with Cardinal Aramburu and Archbishop [Giovanni Battista Re](/source/Giovanni_Battista_Re) serving as [co-consecrators](/source/Consecrator), at [St. Peter's Basilica](/source/St._Peter's_Basilica). He selected as his episcopal [motto](/source/Motto): *"Ille Fidelis"*, meaning, "He (Christ) remains faithful" ([2 Timothy 2:13](https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Timothy%202:13&version=nrsv)). He was the first Argentinian to hold the title of Apostolic Nuncio.[7] After two years in [Venezuela](/source/Venezuela), he was named [Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico](/source/Apostolic_Nuncio_to_Mexico) on 1 March 2000.[8] During his brief tenure there he was tasked with restraining the Mexican bishops from intervening in political affairs.[2]

Coat of arms of Cardinal Sandri

On 16 September 2000, he was named Substitute for General Affairs,[9] a key position within the [Roman Curia](/source/Roman_Curia), serving essentially as the [chief of staff](/source/Chief_of_staff) of the Secretariat of State.[10]

As Pope John Paul's health declined, Sandri would read aloud the texts that the Pope could not deliver himself. On the evening of 2 April 2005, he announced the Pope's death from [Saint Peter's Square](/source/Saint_Peter's_Square), saying "We all feel like orphans this evening."[11][12]

#### Theodore McCarrick controversy

On 11 October 2006, while still serving in his sensitive position in the Vatican Secretariat of State, Sandri sent a letter to Father [Boniface Ramsey](/source/Boniface_Ramsey), a New York City pastor who was a seminary professor from 1986 to 1996. Sandri did not mention McCarrick, but referred to "the serious matters involving some of the students of the [Immaculate Conception Seminary](/source/Immaculate_Conception_Seminary_School_of_Theology), which in November 2000 you were good enough to bring confidentially to the attention of the then Apostolic Nuncio in the United States, the late Archbishop [Gabriel Montalvo](/source/Gabriel_Montalvo_Higuera)."[13][14] Ramsey's 2000 letter was about complaints of sexual abuse of seminarians on the part of Cardinal [Theodore McCarrick](/source/Theodore_McCarrick) when he was Archbishop of Newark (1986–2000). Ramsey made Sandri's letter public on 7 September 2018 to document that his letter to Montalvo had reached Rome and that the highest levels of the Vatican had long been aware of his charges against McCarrick.[13] By then McCarrick had resigned from the College of Cardinals, but he still faced a Church trial. In February 2019, the same month McCarrick was [laicized](/source/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)) by the Vatican, an image of Sandri's 2006 letter was published by the media; it accompanied a *[Commonweal](/source/Commonweal_(magazine))* article that Ramsey wrote.[15] On 5 February 2020, journalist [Thomas J. Reese](/source/Thomas_J._Reese) cited the Sandri-Ramsey correspondence in calling for a full review of the Secretariat's files as part of the Vatican investigation into McCarrick and in order to determine who in the Vatican's highest levels knew what about the charges against McCarrick.[16]

### Congregation for the Oriental Churches

On 9 June 2007, Sandri was appointed [prefect](/source/Prefect) of the [Congregation for the Oriental Churches](/source/Congregation_for_the_Oriental_Churches) by [Pope Benedict XVI](/source/Pope_Benedict_XVI).[4] Succeeding [Ignatius I Daoud](/source/Ignatius_I_Daoud), he headed the [curial congregation](/source/Congregation_(Roman_Curia)) that handles matters regarding the [Eastern Catholic Churches](/source/Eastern_Catholic_Churches) and became the *ex officio* [Grand Chancellor](/source/Chancellor_(education)) of the [Pontifical Oriental Institute](/source/Pontifical_Oriental_Institute). Pope Francis confirmed that appointment on 19 February 2014.[17]

Sandri visited the [Holy Land](/source/Holy_Land) in February 2008.[18] In April 2009, he lamented the emigration of Christians from that region: "This [lack of peace](/source/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict) makes Christians emigrate and leave their land behind. So we're left with a purely geological, physical presence of Jesus, and not with the presence of those that grew with him and lived his faith, and that continue to follow him today like disciples of his very homeland."[19] In 2014 he called for an end to the forced removal of Christians from Iraq and Syria, saying that more than 100,000 Christians had left their homes in Iraq and "now wander to the city of Erbil in impossible conditions".[20]

One analysis of the delay in the [canonization process](/source/Beatification_and_Canonisation_of_Pope_John_Paul_II) for John Paul II pointed to, among other things, Sandri's apparent reluctance to testify in the effort.[21]

In November 2014 the Vatican lifted its 1929 ban on the ordination of married men to the priesthood by Eastern Catholic churches outside their traditional territories, including in the United States, Canada and Australia. Sandri signed the decree on 14 June 2014.[22][23]

### Cardinal

Styles of Leonardo Sandri Reference style His Eminence Spoken style Your Eminence Informal style Cardinal

Benedict XVI created him [Cardinal-Deacon](/source/Cardinal_(Catholicism)) of [San Carlo ai Catinari](/source/San_Carlo_ai_Catinari) in the [consistory](/source/Papal_consistory) of 24 November 2007.[24][25][26] He delivered the message of thanksgiving to the pope on behalf of the new cardinals on that occasion.[27]

In April 2008, Sandri said that although the regime of [Saddam Hussein](/source/Saddam_Hussein) was dictatorial, it is undeniable that Iraqi clergy and laity felt more secure under his regime and that their liturgical life went on undisturbed.[28]

Cardinal Leonardo Sandri, 2008

He was mentioned in the press as *[papabile](/source/Papabile)*, a possible candidate for election to the papacy at the time of the [resignation of Pope Benedict XVI](/source/Resignation_of_Pope_Benedict_XVI) in 2013.[29][30][31][32]

Sandri is also a member of the [Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith](/source/Congregation_for_the_Doctrine_of_the_Faith), [Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples](/source/Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples), [Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity](/source/Pontifical_Council_for_Promoting_Christian_Unity), [Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue](/source/Pontifical_Council_for_Interreligious_Dialogue), [Pontifical Council for Legislative Texts](/source/Pontifical_Council_for_Legislative_Texts), [Pontifical Commission for Latin America](/source/Pontifical_Commission_for_Latin_America) and [Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State](/source/Pontifical_Commission_for_Vatican_City_State).[1] On 2 March 2010 he was appointed a member of the [Congregation for Bishops](/source/Congregation_for_Bishops).[33] On 31 May 2011 he was appointed a member of the [Apostolic Signatura](/source/Apostolic_Signatura).[34] On 12 June 2012 Cardinal Sandri was appointed a member of the [Congregation for Catholic Education](/source/Congregation_for_Catholic_Education).[35]

Sandri, as Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches, was named by [Pope Benedict XVI](/source/Pope_Benedict_XVI) as one of four co-presidents of the Special Synod of Bishops for the Middle East held at the Vatican in October 2010.[36] He speaks English, French, German, Italian and Spanish.[2]

In June 2005 Archbishop Sandri was awarded Knight Grand Cross of the [Order of Merit of the Italian Republic](/source/Order_of_Merit_of_the_Italian_Republic).[37]

He opted for the order of Cardinal Priests on 19 May 2018.[1] Pope Francis raised him to the rank of Cardinal Bishop effective 28 June 2018.[38] On 24 January 2020, Pope Francis approved his election as Vice Dean of the College of Cardinals by the nine Latin-rite cardinal-bishops.[39][40] Pope Francis approved his election to a second five-year term as vice dean on 14 January 2025.[41]

Pope Francis named Archbishop [Claudio Gugerotti](/source/Claudio_Gugerotti) to succeed him as prefect on 21 November 2022.[42]

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-vatican_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-vatican_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-vatican_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-vatican_1-3) ["Sandri Card. Leonardo"](https://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/documentazione/documents/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sandri_l_it.html) (in Italian). [Holy See Press Office](/source/Holy_See_Press_Office). 16 December 2011. Retrieved 1 August 2021.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-fidele_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-fidele_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-fidele_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-fidele_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-fidele_2-4) ["Leonardo Sandri, fidèle de Jean-Paul II"](https://www.la-croix.com/Religion/Actualite/Leonardo-Sandri-fidele-de-Jean-Paul-II-2013-03-10-919576). *La Croix* (in French). 10 March 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Pontificia Accademia Ecclesiastica, Ex-alunni 1950 – 1999"](https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_academies/acdeccles/documents/1950-1999.htm) (in Italian). [Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy](/source/Pontifical_Ecclesiastical_Academy). Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-prefect_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-prefect_4-1) ["Rinunce e nomine, 09.06.2007"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2007/06/09/0312/00837.html) (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 9 June 2007. Retrieved 12 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [*Acta Apostolicae Sedis*](http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-84-1992-ocr.pdf) (PDF). Vol. LXXXIV. 1992. p. 471. Retrieved 6 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** [*Acta Apostolicae Sedis*](http://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/AAS-89-1997-ocr.pdf) (PDF). Vol. LXXXIX. 1997. p. 598. Retrieved 6 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Mons. Sandri es el primer nuncio papal argentino"](https://www.lanacion.com.ar/sociedad/mons-sandri-es-el-primer-nuncio-papal-argentino-nid73362). *La Nación* (in Spanish). 23 July 1997. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Rinunce e nomine, 03.01.2000"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2000/03/01/0134/00510.html) (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 1 March 2000. Retrieved 12 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Rinunce e nomine, 16.09.2000"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2000/09/16/0538/01872.html) (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 16 September 2000. Retrieved 12 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-uca_10-0)** O'Connell, Gerard (11 June 2007). ["Key Vatican appointment signals that Benedict's chosen team fully in place"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100919000844/http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=24348). *UCA News*. Archived from [the original](http://www.catholic.org/international/international_story.php?id=24348) on 19 September 2010. Retrieved 12 July 2009.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-bbc_11-0)** ["Pope John Paul II dies in Vatican"](https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4399715.stm). *[BBC](/source/BBC)*. 3 April 2005.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-fox_12-0)** ["World Mourns Passing of Pope John Paul II"](https://www.foxnews.com/story/world-mourns-passing-of-pope-john-paul-ii). *[Fox News](/source/Fox_News_Channel)*. 3 April 2005.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-sep7_13-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-sep7_13-1) Duncan, Robert; Esteves, Junno Arocho (7 September 2018). ["Letter confirms Vatican officials knew of McCarrick allegations in 2000"](https://web.archive.org/web/20180907225621/http://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2018/letter-confirms-vatican-officials-knew-of-mccarrick-allegations-in-2000.cfm). Catholic News Service. Archived from [the original](https://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2018/letter-confirms-vatican-officials-knew-of-mccarrick-allegations-in-2000.cfm) on 7 September 2018. Retrieved 19 April 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Harris, Elise (4 October 2018). ["Argentinian prelate allegedly acknowledged McCarrick's misconduct"](https://cruxnow.com/global-church/2018/10/argentinian-prelate-allegedly-acknowledged-mccarricks-misconduct/). *Crux*. Retrieved 6 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-imageofletter_15-0)** Ramsey, Boniface (16 February 2019). ["The Case of Theodore McCarrick: A Failure of Fraternal Correction"](https://www.commonwealmagazine.org/case-theodore-mccarrick). *Commonweal*. Retrieved 6 May 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-mccarrickassist_16-0)** Reese, Thomas J. (5 February 2020). ["Who knew what about former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick?"](https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2020/02/05/who-knew-what-about-former-cardinal-theodore-mccarrick). *[America](/source/America_(magazine))*. Retrieved 19 April 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** ["Pope Confirms Cardinal Sandri as Prefect of the Congregation for Oriental Churches"](https://zenit.org/articles/pope-confirms-cardinal-sandri-as-prefect-of-the-congregation-for-oriental-churches/). *Zenit*. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-visit_18-0)** ["Vatican Prelate Visiting Eastern Catholics in Holy Land"](http://www.catholicculture.org/news/features/index.cfm?recnum=56889). *[Catholic World News](/source/Catholic_World_News)*. 27 February 2008. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-exodus_19-0)** ["Vatican asks for help in stopping exodus of Christians from Holy Land"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110715202811/http://www.romereports.com/palio/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=480&newlang=english). *Rome Reports*. 8 April 2009. Archived from [the original](http://www.romereports.com/palio/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=480&newlang=english) on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 12 July 2009.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** ["Cardinal Sandri: These Are Acts Against God, Against All Humanity"](https://zenit.org/articles/cardinal-sandri-these-are-acts-against-god-against-all-humanity/). *Zenit*. 8 August 2014. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ncr_21-0)** Roberts, Tom (3 June 2009). ["What's behind delay in JPII canonization?"](http://ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/whats-behind-delay-jpii-canonization). *[National Catholic Reporter](/source/National_Catholic_Reporter)*. Retrieved 26 February 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** Ieraci, Laura (17 November 2014). ["Vatican lifts ban on married priests for Eastern Catholics in diaspora"](http://ncronline.org/news/vatican/vatican-lifts-ban-married-priests-eastern-catholics-diaspora). *National Catholic Reporter*. Catholic News Service. Retrieved 25 August 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Smith, Peter Jesserer (7 January 2015). ["Eastern-Catholic Married Priesthood Authorized in North America"](http://m.ncregister.com/daily-news/eastern-catholic-married-priesthood-authorized-in-north-america). *National Catholic Register*. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** ["Titular Churches of the new Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church"](https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2007/documents/ns_lit_doc_20071124_titoli_en.html). [Office of Papal Liturgical Celebrations](/source/Office_for_the_Liturgical_Celebrations_of_the_Supreme_Pontiff). 24 November 2007. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160728233733/https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2007/documents/ns_lit_doc_20071124_titoli_en.html) from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** ["Pope Names 23 New Cardinals"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170823022042/https://zenit.org/articles/pope-names-23-new-cardinals/). *Zenit*. 17 October 2007. Archived from [the original](https://zenit.org/articles/pope-names-23-new-cardinals/) on 23 August 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** Allen Jr., John L. (17 October 2007). ["Complete List of New Cardinals"](https://www.ncronline.org/news/complete-list-new-cardinals). *National Catholic Reporter*. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-address_27-0)** ["Indirizzo di Omaggio del Card. Leonardo Sandri"](https://www.vatican.va/news_services/liturgy/2007/documents/ns_lit_doc_20071124_saluto-sandri.html). *[Holy See Press Office](/source/Holy_See_Press_Office)* (in Italian). 24 November 2007. Retrieved 1 August 2021.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** Sandri, Leonardo (1 April 2008). ["Christians are in danger of disappearing from Iraq"](http://www.30giorni.it/articoli_id_17900_l3.htm). *30 Days* (Interview). Interviewed by Gianni Cardinale. Retrieved 28 June 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** ["Pope: Runners and riders"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-21657407). *BBC News*. 8 March 2013. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** ["El argentino que puede ser Papa: la increíble historia de Leonardo Sandri"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190813160012/https://m.tandildiario.com/noticias/Nacionales/55799:4/El-argentino-que-puede-ser-Papa:-la-incre%25C3%25ADble-historia-de-Leonardo-Sandri.html). *Tandil Diario* (in Spanish). 28 February 2012. Archived from [the original](https://m.tandildiario.com/noticias/Nacionales/55799:4/El-argentino-que-puede-ser-Papa:-la-incre%C3%ADble-historia-de-Leonardo-Sandri.html) on 13 August 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** Allen Jr., John L. (20 February 2013). ["Papabile of the Day: The Men Who Could Be Pope"](https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/ncr-today/papabile-day-men-who-could-be-pope-2). *National Catholic Reporter*. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** O'Regan, Mary (9 March 2013). ["The men who could be pope: Cardinal Leonardo Sandri"](https://catholicherald.co.uk/the-men-who-could-be-pope-cardinal-leonardo-sandri/). *Catholic Herald*. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** ["Rinunce e nomine, 02.03.2010"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2010/03/02/0122/00278.html) (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 2 March 2010. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** ["Rinunce e nomine, 31.05.2011"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2011/05/31/0335/00834.html) (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 31 May 2011. Retrieved 12 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** ["Rinunce e nomine, 12.06.2012"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2012/06/12/0348/00817.html) (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 12 June 2012. Retrieved 12 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-36)** ["Special Assembly for the Middle East – The Catholic Church in the Middle East: Communion and Witness (10-24 October 2010)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20190703151144/http://www.synod.va/content/synod/en/synodal_assemblies/2010-special-assembly-for-the-middle-east---the-catholic-church-.html). General Secretariat of the Synod of Bishops. Archived from [the original](http://www.synod.va/content/synod/en/synodal_assemblies/2010-special-assembly-for-the-middle-east---the-catholic-church-.html) on 3 July 2019. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-37)** ["Sandri S.E.R. Mons. Leonardo"](http://www.quirinale.it/elementi/DettaglioOnorificenze.aspx?decorato=161542). *Presidenza della Repubblica* (in Italian). 13 June 2005. Retrieved 13 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-38)** ["Rescriptum ex Audientia Ss.mi"](http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2018/06/26/180626c.html) (Press release). Holy See Press Office. 26 June 2018. Retrieved 28 June 2018.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-39)** ["Rinunce e Nomine, 25.01.2020"](https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2020/01/25/0052/00120.html) (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 25 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-40)** Mares, Courtney (25 January 2020). ["Cardinal Re elected new dean of the College of Cardinals"](https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/43388/cardinal-re-elected-new-dean-of-the-college-of-cardinals). Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 25 January 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-41)** ["Rinunce e nomine, 06.02.2025"](https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2025/02/06/0113/00233.html) (Press release) (in Italian). [Holy See Press Office](/source/Holy_See_Press_Office). Retrieved 6 February 2025.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-42)** ["Rinunce e nomine (continuazione), 21.11.2022"](https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/bollettino/pubblico/2022/11/21/0867/01811.html) (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 21 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022.

## Bibliography

- Leonardo Sandri, *La problematica del "organo" en la teoria juridica civil y canonica*, Pontificia universitas gregoriana, Rome, 1978. [OCLC](/source/OCLC_(identifier)) [913279417](https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/913279417) (doctoral dissertation)

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Leonardo Sandri](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Leonardo_Sandri).

Wikiquote has quotations related to ***[Leonardo Sandri](https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Leonardo_Sandri)***.

- ["Sandri Card. Leonardo"](https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sandri_l.html). [Holy See Press Office](/source/Holy_See_Press_Office). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160919102314/https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_sandri_l.html) from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2017.

- [Salt+Light Media: Habemus Papabili – John Allen on Cardinal Leonardo Sandri](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DPQ9LnA4N3M) on [YouTube](/source/YouTube_video_(identifier))

Diplomatic posts Preceded by Crescenzio Sepe Assessor for General Affairs 2 April 1992 – 22 July 1997 Succeeded by James Michael Harvey Preceded by Oriano Quilici Apostolic Nuncio to Venezuela 22 July 1997 – 1 March 2000 Succeeded by André Dupuy Preceded by Justo Mullor García Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico 1 March 2000 – 16 September 2000 Succeeded by Giuseppe Bertello Catholic Church titles Preceded by Dino Monduzzi Regent of the Papal Household 22 August 1991 – 2 April 1992 Succeeded by Paolo De Nicolò Preceded by Maximino Romero de Lema — TITULAR — Titular Archbishop of Novigrad 22 July 1997 – 24 November 2007 Succeeded by Beniamino Pizziol Preceded by Giovanni Battista Re Substitute for General Affairs 16 September 2000 – 1 July 2007 Succeeded by Fernando Filoni Preceded by Ignatius Moses I Daoud Prefect of the Congregation for the Oriental Churches 1 July 2007 – 21 November 2022 Succeeded by Claudio Gugerotti Grand Chancellor of the Pontifical Oriental Institute 1 July 2007 – 21 November 2022 Preceded by Angelo Felici Cardinal Deacon of Santi Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari 24 November 2007 – 19 May 2018 Himself as Cardinal Priest Himself as Cardinal Deacon Cardinal Priest 'pro hac vice' of Santi Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari 19 May 2018 – 28 June 2018 Himself as Cardinal Bishop Himself as Cardinal Priest Cardinal Bishop of Santi Biagio e Carlo ai Catinari 28 June 2018 – present Incumbent Preceded by Giovanni Battista Re Vice-Dean of the College of Cardinals 18 January 2020 – present

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v t e Cardinals created by Benedict XVI 2006 Levada Rode Vallini Urosa Savino Rosales Ricard Cañizares Llovera Cheong O'Malley Dziwisz Caffarra Zen Montezemolo Porekuu Vanhoye 2007 Sandri Foley Lajolo Cordes Comastri Ryłko Farina García-Gasco Vicente Brady Martínez i Sistach Vingt-Trois Bagnasco Sarr Gracias Robles Ortega DiNardo Scherer Njue Delly Coppa Karlic Navarrete Cortés Betti 2010 Amato Naguib Sarah Monterisi Baldelli Burke Koch Sardi Piacenza de Paolis Ravasi Mazombwe Vela Chiriboga Monsengwo Pasinya Romeo Wuerl Damasceno Assis Nycz Ranjith Marx Estepa Llaurens Sgreccia Brandmüller Bartolucci 2012 II Filoni Monteiro de Castro Abril y Castelló Vegliò Bertello Coccopalmerio Braz de Aviz O'Brien Calcagno Versaldi Alencherry Collins Duka Eijk Betori Dolan Woelki Tong Hon Mureșan Ries Grech Becker XI Harvey al-Rahi Cleemis Onaiyekan Salazar Gómez Tagle Catholic Church portal

v t e College of Cardinals List of current cardinals Cardinals of the Catholic Church under Pope Leo XIV in order of precedence Cardinal bishops Re Sandri Arinze Bertone Martins Parolin Ouellet Filoni Stella Tagle Raï Sako Cardinal priests Kitbunchu Poupard Wetter López Rodríguez Mahony Darmaatmadja Wamala Maida Puljić Sandoval Stafford De Giorgi Rouco Schönborn Rivera Pujats Sepe Kasper Bačkis Errázuriz Napier Rodríguez Cipriani Herranz Scola Okogie Zubeir Wako Rigali Antonelli Turkson Bozanić Barbarin Erdő Rodé Vallini Rosales Ricard Cañizares O'Malley Dziwisz Zen Lajolo Comastri Ryłko Farina Brady Martínez Sistach Bagnasco Sarr Gracias Robles DiNardo Scherer Njue Sarah Monterisi Burke Koch Piacenza Ravasi Romeo Wuerl Assis Nycz Ranjith Marx Brandmüller de Castro Abril Vegliò Bertello Coccopalmerio Aviz O'Brien Calcagno Versaldi Alencherry Collins Eijk Betori Dolan Woelki Tong Harvey Thottunkal Onaiyekan Salazar Baldisseri Müller Nichols Brenes Lacroix Kutwa Tempesta Bassetti Poli Yeom Ezzati Ouédraogo Quevedo Langlois Clemente Souraphiel Dew Nguyễn Suárez Bo Kovithavanij Montenegro Sturla Blázquez Lacunza Gomes Furtado Mafi Villalba Langa Nzapalainga Osoro Rocha Cupich D'Rozario Porras De Kesel Piat Aguiar Retes Ribat Tobin Zerbo Omella Arborelius Mangkhanekhoun Rosa De Donatis Coutts Marto Barreto Tsarahazana Petrocchi Maeda Ticona Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo García Ambongo Besungu Hollerich Ramazzini Zuppi López Romero Tamkevičius Kambanda Gregory Advincula Aós Lojudice Arizmendi Aveline Okpaleke Steiner Ferrão McElroy do Carmo da Silva Cantoni Poola Costa Goh Martínez Flores Marengo Jiménez Miglio Pizzaballa Brislin Rossi Rueda Ryś Mulla Cobo Rugambwa Francis Chow Bustillo Alves Aguiar Padrón Castillo Bokalic Cabrera Chomalí Kikuchi David Nemet Spengler Bessi Dogbo Vesco Mathieu Repole Reina Leo Bychok Battaglia Cardinal deacons Mamberti Zenari Farrell Simoni Ladaria Becciu Krajewski Bocos Mendonça Czerny Fitzgerald Grech Semeraro Gambetti Tomasi Cantalamessa Feroci Roche You Vérgez Ghirlanda Frezza Gugerotti Fernández Pierre Fernández Artime Marchetto Acerbi Makrickas Radcliffe Baggio Koovakad Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave in italics See also: Titular Titular church List of titular churches List of creations of cardinals Category Media Catholic Church portal

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Leonardo Sandri](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Sandri) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonardo_Sandri?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.