# Lectionary 179

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{{New Testament manuscript infobox
| form   = Lectionary
| number = '''ℓ''' ''179''
| image  = Lectionary 179 (Gen 1).JPG
| isize  = 
| caption= First page of the Prophetologion
| name   = Codex Sancti Simeonis
| sign   = 
| text   = Prophetologion (and Evangelistarion)
| script = [Greek](/source/Greek_language)
| date   = 10th century
| found  = 
| now at = [Domschatz](/source/Domschatz)
| cite   = 
| size   = 25.8 by 19.7 cm
| type   = 
| cat    = 
| hand   = 
| note   = 
}}

'''Codex Sancti Simeonis''' contains a fragment of a Gospel lectionary, or Evangelistarion, designated by [siglum](/source/siglum) '''ℓ''' ''179'' in the [Gregory-Aland](/source/Biblical_manuscript) numbering; it is written on parchment and dated to the 10th century. The codex is housed in [Trier](/source/Trier).

== Description ==

The codex consists of two different manuscripts: the first eight folios are a fragment of a lectionary of the Gospels (= lectionary 179), the remaining 130 folios are a lectionary of the Old Testament (Prophetologion). The whole codex is written on parchment leaves measuring 25.8&nbsp;cm by 19.7&nbsp;cm, only eight of which contain New Testament lessons.<ref name = Scrivener/><ref name = SteiningerXII>{{Cite book | author = R. M. Steininger | url = https://archive.org/stream/codexsanctisime01unkngoog#page/n16/mode/2up | title = Codex Sancti Simeonis: Exhibens Lectionarum Ecclesiae Graecae DCCC Circiter Annorum Vetustate Insigne | year = 1834 | language = Latin | page = XII}}</ref>

The text of lectionary 179 is written in Greek [uncial](/source/Uncial_script) letters in two columns of 19 lines to a page.<ref name = Aland>{{Cite book
 | last = Aland
 | first = Kurt
 | authorlink = Kurt Aland
 |author2=M. Welte |author3=B. Köster |author4=K. Junack
  | title = Kurzgefasste Liste der griechischen Handschriften des Neues Testaments
 | publisher = [Walter de Gruyter](/source/Walter_de_Gruyter)
 | year = 1994
 | location = Berlin, New York
 | page = 229
 | url = 
 | doi = 
 | id = 
 | isbn = 3-11-011986-2
}}</ref> It uses [rough](/source/rough_breathing) and [smooth breathing](/source/smooth_breathing)s, accents, and [stichometrical](/source/Stichometry) points, not spaces, between the words.<ref name = SteiningerXII/> The Prophetologion contains decorated headpieces; both manuscripts have decorated initial letters and musical notes in red. [Itacism](/source/Itacism) occurs frequently, for example: αι and [η](/source/Eta) for [ε](/source/Epsilon), ει for ι, ω for ο, υ for οι.{{r|Scrivener|SteiningerXII}}

The [nomina sacra](/source/nomina_sacra) and other words are written in abbreviated form. The following words are abbreviated: και (and), πατηρ (father), μητηρ (mother), υιος (son), θυγατηρ (daughter), ανθρωπος (man), Θεος (God), Κυριος (Lord), σωτηρ (saviour), πνευμα (spirit), ουρανος (''heaven''), Αβρααμ (Abraham), Δαυιδ (David), Χριστος (Christ), Ιερουσαλημ (Jerusalem).<!-- removed "where" tag; "in the codex" is implicit --> These abbreviations in mainly the same as in the [Codex Alexandrinus](/source/Codex_Alexandrinus).<ref name = SteiningerXII/>

The Prophetologion has some unusual readings that occur rarely or not at all in other manuscripts.<ref name = Scrivener/> In [Genesis](/source/Book_of_Genesis) 12:4, for example, it has: {{lang|grc|θεος}} (''God'') instead of Κυριος (''the Lord'').<ref>{{Cite book | author = R. M. Steininger | title = Codex Sancti Simeonis: Exhibens Lectionarum Ecclesiae Graecae DCCC Circiter Annorum Vetustate Insigne | year = 1834 | page = 115 | language = Latin }}</ref> It has many grammatical corrections and marginal notes, giving readings close to the [Codex Vaticanus](/source/Codex_Vaticanus) and [Codex Alexandrinus](/source/Codex_Alexandrinus).<ref name = SteiningerXII/> The text has been collated in the edition of the Prophetologion by Monumenta Musicae Byzantinae.

== History ==

Scrivener and Gregory dated the manuscript to the 10th or 11th century.<ref name = Scrivener/><ref name = Gregory/> The [Institute for New Testament Textual Research](/source/Institute_for_New_Testament_Textual_Research) now assigns the Evangelistarion fragment to the 10th century on [paleographical](/source/Palaeography) grounds.<ref name = Aland/><ref name = INTF>{{cite web|url=http://intf.uni-muenster.de/vmr/NTVMR/ListeHandschriften.php?ObjID=40179|title=Liste Handschriften|publisher=Institute for New Testament Textual Research|accessdate=16 November 2010|location=Münster}}</ref> Scrivener thinks that it was brought out of Syria in the 11th century.<ref name = Scrivener/> A note at the end of the Prophetologion reads "Λαβρετιος, ἱερομοναχος σιναιτης, ὁ παλαιολογος, ἐν μηνι δεκεμβριου, κα ᾳφπε", which may be translated as: "Laurentius, monk from Sinai, of the Palaeologus family, in the month of December, the 21st day, in the year 1585". This means that at the end of the 16th century the manuscript was probably located in the West, since it does not make sense to stress that you are from Sinai if you are still at Sinai.

The codex was added to the list of Greek New Testament manuscripts by [Scholz](/source/Johann_Martin_Augustin_Scholz). Formerly it was labelled as Lectionary 179<sup>e</sup> (for Evangelistarion) and 55<sup>a</sup> (for "Apostolarion", probably the Prophetologion) by [F. H. A. Scrivener](/source/F._H._A._Scrivener)<ref name = Scrivener>{{Cite book
 | last = Scrivener
 | first = Frederick Henry Ambrose
 | authorlink = Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
 |author2=Edward Miller
  | title = A Plain Introduction to the Criticism of the New Testament
 | publisher = [George Bell & Sons](/source/George_Bell_%26_Sons)
 | year = 1894
 | location = London
 | pages = 339, 371–372
 | volume = 1
 | url = https://archive.org/stream/aplainintroducti00scriuoft#page/338/mode/2up
 | doi = 
 | id = 
 | isbn = 
}}</ref> 
and [C. R. Gregory](/source/C._R._Gregory).<ref name = Gregory/> Gregory assigned the single number 179 to it in 1908.<ref name = Gregory1908>{{Cite book |last=Gregory|first=Caspar René|authorlink=Caspar René Gregory|title=Die griechischen Handschriften des Neuen Testament|url=https://archive.org/stream/diegriechischen00greggoog#page/n139/mode/2up|year=1908|publisher=J. C. Hinrichs'sche Buchhandlung|location=Leipzig|page=128}}</ref> Both Gregory and Aland restrict the number 179 to the Evangelistarion fragment ff. 2-9 (today: ff 1* - 8*) of the codex, whereas the Prophetologion does not have a number.

R. M. Steininger produced an edition of the text of both Evangelistarion fragment and Prophetologion with two plates in 1834.<ref>R. M. Steininger, [https://archive.org/stream/codexsanctisime01unkngoog#page/n4/mode/2up ''Codex Sancti Simeonis: Exhibens Lectionarum Ecclesiae Graecae DCCC Circiter Annorum Vetustate Insigne''] (1834)</ref> [Caspar René Gregory](/source/Caspar_Ren%C3%A9_Gregory) saw the manuscript in 1884.<ref name = Gregory>{{Cite book
 | last = Gregory
 | first = Caspar René
 | authorlink = Caspar René Gregory
 | title = Textkritik des Neuen Testaments
 | publisher = J.C. Hinrichs
 | year = 1900
 | location = Leipzig
 | volume = 1
 | pages = 401, 467
 | url = https://archive.org/stream/textkritikdesne00greggoog#page/n413/mode/2up
}}</ref> It was examined in 1895 by Georg Flügel, who published a description with four plates.<ref>Georg Flügel, ''Lic. Dr. Karl Hamanns Bemerkungen zum Codex S. Simeonis'', Verlag der Fr. Lintz'schen Buchhandlung (1895).</ref> S.G.Engberg described both the Evangelistarion fragment and the Prophetologion.

The manuscript is not cited in the UBS3<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. K. Aland, A. Black, C. M. Martini, B. M. Metzger, and A. Wikgren, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 3rd edition, (Stuttgart 1983), pp. XXVIII, XXX.</ref> or UBS4<ref>''The Greek New Testament'', ed. B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. M. Martini, and B. M. Metzger, in cooperation with INTF, ''United Bible Societies'', 4th revised edition, (United Bible Societies, Stuttgart 2001), p. 21. {{ISBN|978-3-438-05110-3}}</ref> critical editions of the [Greek New Testament](/source/Novum_Testamentum_Graece). It is held in the Domschatz museum in [Trier](/source/Trier).{{r|Aland|INTF}}

== See also ==

{{Portal|Bible}}
* [List of New Testament lectionaries](/source/List_of_New_Testament_lectionaries)
* [Biblical manuscript](/source/Biblical_manuscript)
* [Textual criticism](/source/Textual_criticism)

== Notes and references ==

{{Reflist|2}}

== Bibliography ==

* {{Cite book | author = Richard Maria Steininger | url = https://archive.org/stream/codexsanctisime01unkngoog#page/n4/mode/2up | title = Codex Sancti Simeonis: Exhibens Lectionarum Ecclesiae Graecae DCCC Circiter Annorum Vetustate Insigne | publisher = Augustae Trevirorum | year = 1834 | language = Latin}}
* Georg Flügel, [https://books.google.com/books?id=XUATAAAAYAAJ&q=Flugel,+Bemerkungen+zum+Codex+, ''Lic. Dr. Karl Hamanns Bemerkungen zum Codex S. Simeonis''], Verlag der Fr. Lintz'schen Buchhandlung (1895).
* Prophetologium. Pars prima lectiones anni mobilis continens, ed. Carsten Höeg, Günther Zuntz, Gudrun Engberg, Hauniae, 1939–1970. Pars altera lectiones anni immobilis continens, ed. Gudrun Engberg, Hauniae, 1980-1981 (Monumenta Musicae Byzantinae, Lectionaria I).
* Sysse Gudrun Engberg, "Trier and Sinai: Saint Symeon’s Book," Scriptorium LIX.2, 2005, 132-146 & pl. 19–24.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lectionary 0179}}
Category:Greek New Testament lectionaries
Category:10th-century biblical manuscripts
Category:Septuagint manuscripts

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Lectionary 179](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectionary_179) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lectionary_179?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.