# Lead(II) fluoride

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{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 441050744
| Name = Lead(II) fluoride
| ImageFile = Fluorid olovnatý.PNG
| ImageFile2 =CaF2 polyhedra.png
| ImageName = 
| OtherNames = Lead difluoride <br/> plumbous fluoride
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 7783-46-2
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 291824BBS4
|  PubChem = 124123
|  ChemSpiderID = 22955
|  SMILES = F[Pb]F
|  StdInChI = 1S/2FH.Pb/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
|  StdInChIKey = FPHIOHCCQGUGKU-UHFFFAOYSA-L

  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = PbF<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass = 245.20 g/mol
| Appearance = white powder
| Odor = odorless
| Density = 8.445 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (orthorhombic) <br/> 7.750 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (cubic)
| Solubility = 0.057 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br/> 0.0671 g/100 mL (20 °C)<ref>[https://www.nist.gov/data/PDFfiles/jpcrd166.pdf NIST-data review 1980]</ref>
| SolubilityProduct = 2.05·10<sup>−8</sup> (20&nbsp;°C)
| SolubleOther = soluble in [nitric acid](/source/nitric_acid) and [hydrochloric acid](/source/hydrochloric_acid); <br/> insoluble in [acetone](/source/acetone) and [ammonia](/source/ammonia)
| MeltingPtC = 824
| BoilingPtC = 1293
| MagSus = −58.1·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = [Fluorite](/source/Fluorite) (cubic), [''cF12''](/source/Pearson_symbol)
| SpaceGroup = Fm<u style="text-decoration:overline">3</u>m, No. 225   }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| LD50 = 3031 mg/kg (oral, rat)
  }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherCations = [Difluorocarbene](/source/Difluorocarbene)<br/>[Difluorosilylene](/source/Difluorosilylene)<br/>[Difluorogermylene](/source/Difluorogermylene)<br/>[Stannous fluoride](/source/Stannous_fluoride)
| OtherAnions = [Lead(II) chloride](/source/Lead(II)_chloride)<br/>[Lead(II) bromide](/source/Lead(II)_bromide)<br/>[Lead(II) iodide](/source/Lead(II)_iodide)
  }}
}}

'''Lead(II) fluoride''' is the [inorganic compound](/source/inorganic_compound) with the formula [Pb](/source/Lead)[F<sub>2</sub>](/source/Fluoride).  It is a white solid.  The compound is [polymorphic](/source/Polymorphism_(materials_science)), at ambient temperatures it exists in [orthorhombic](/source/Orthorhombic_crystal_system) (PbCl<sub>2</sub> type) form, while at high temperatures it is [cubic](/source/cubic_crystal_system) ([Fluorite type](/source/Fluorite_structure)).<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Haines | first1=J. | last2=Léger | first2=J. M. | last3=Schulte | first3=O. | title=High-pressure isosymmetric phase transition in orthorhombic lead fluoride | journal=Physical Review B | publisher=American Physical Society (APS) | volume=57 | issue=13 | date=1998-04-01 | issn=0163-1829 | doi=10.1103/physrevb.57.7551 | pages=7551–7555| bibcode=1998PhRvB..57.7551H }}</ref>

==Preparation==
Lead(II) fluoride can be prepared by treating [lead(II) hydroxide](/source/lead(II)_hydroxide) or [lead(II) carbonate](/source/lead(II)_carbonate) with [hydrofluoric acid](/source/hydrofluoric_acid):<ref name=Ullmann/>
: Pb(OH)<sub>2</sub> + 2 HF → PbF<sub>2</sub> + 2 H<sub>2</sub>O

Alternatively, it is precipitated by adding hydrofluoric acid to a lead(II) salt solution, or by adding a fluoride salt to a lead salt, such as [potassium fluoride](/source/potassium_fluoride) to a [lead(II) nitrate](/source/lead(II)_nitrate) solution,<ref>Arnold Hollemann, Egon Wiberg, 101st ed., de Gruyter 1995 Berlin; {{ISBN|3-11-012641-9}}</ref>
: 2 KF + Pb(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> → PbF<sub>2</sub> + 2 KNO<sub>3</sub>
or [sodium fluoride](/source/sodium_fluoride) to a [lead(II) acetate](/source/lead(II)_acetate) solution.
: 2 NaF + Pb(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub> → PbF<sub>2</sub> + 2 NaCH<sub>3</sub>COO

It appears as the very rare mineral [fluorocronite](/source/fluorocronite).<ref name=Mindat>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/min-40179.html|title = Fluorocronite}}</ref><ref name=IMA>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm|title=List of Minerals|date=21 March 2011}}</ref>

==Uses==
thumb|left|Two 25 mm × 25 mm × 140 mm {{chem|Pb|F|2}} scintillator crystals used in the Muon g−2 experiment.

Lead(II) fluoride is used in low melting [glass](/source/glass)es, in glass coatings to reflect [infrared](/source/infrared) rays, in [phosphors](/source/phosphors) for television-tube screens, and as a catalyst for the manufacture of [picoline](/source/picoline).<ref name=Ullmann>{{Ullmann|first=Dodd S.|last=Carr|title=Lead Compounds|doi=10.1002/14356007.a15_249}}</ref> The [Muon g−2](/source/Muon_g%E2%88%922) experiment uses {{chem|Pb|F|2}} crystals in conjunction with silicon [photomultiplier](/source/photomultiplier)s. High energy charged particles create [Cerenkov light](/source/Cerenkov_light) as they pass through the crystals, which is measured by the silicon photomultipliers.<ref name="TDR">{{cite journal |arxiv=1905.04407 |doi=10.1016/j.nima.2019.162558 |title=<nowiki>Performance of the Muon <math><mrow>g<mo linebreak="goodbreak" linebreakstyle="after">−2</mrow></math> calorimeter and readout systems measured with test beam data</nowiki> |date=2019 |last1=Khaw |first1=K.S. |last2=Bartolini |first2=M. |last3=Binney |first3=H. |last4=Bjorkquist |first4=R. |last5=Chapelain |first5=A. |last6=Driutti |first6=A. |last7=Ferrari |first7=C. |last8=Fienberg |first8=A.T. |last9=Fioretti |first9=A. |last10=Gabbanini |first10=C. |last11=Ganguly |first11=S. |last12=Gibbons |first12=L.K. |last13=Gioiosa |first13=A. |last14=Giovanetti |first14=K. |last15=Gohn |first15=W.P. |last16=Gorringe |first16=T.P. |last17=Hempstead |first17=J.B. |last18=Hertzog |first18=D.W. |last19=Iacovacci |first19=M. |last20=Kaspar |first20=J. |last21=Kuchibhotla |first21=A. |last22=Leo |first22=S. |last23=Lusiani |first23=A. |last24=Mastroianni |first24=S. |last25=Pauletta |first25=G. |last26=Peterson |first26=D.A. |last27=Počanić |first27=D. |last28=Rider |first28=N. |last29=Schlesier |first29=C.D. |last30=Smith |first30=M.W. |journal=Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment |volume=945 |display-authors=1 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |arxiv=1412.5525 |doi=10.1016/j.nima.2015.02.028 |title=Studies of an array of PbF2 Cherenkov crystals with large-area SiPM readout |date=2015 |last1=Fienberg |first1=A.T. |last2=Alonzi |first2=L.P. |last3=Anastasi |first3=A. |last4=Bjorkquist |first4=R. |last5=Cauz |first5=D. |last6=Fatemi |first6=R. |last7=Ferrari |first7=C. |last8=Fioretti |first8=A. |last9=Frankenthal |first9=A. |last10=Gabbanini |first10=C. |last11=Gibbons |first11=L.K. |last12=Giovanetti |first12=K. |last13=Goadhouse |first13=S.D. |last14=Gohn |first14=W.P. |last15=Gorringe |first15=T.P. |last16=Hertzog |first16=D.W. |last17=Iacovacci |first17=M. |last18=Kammel |first18=P. |last19=Kaspar |first19=J. |last20=Kiburg |first20=B. |last21=Li |first21=L. |last22=Mastroianni |first22=S. |last23=Pauletta |first23=G. |last24=Peterson |first24=D.A. |last25=Počanić |first25=D. |last26=Smith |first26=M.W. |last27=Sweigart |first27=D.A. |last28=Tishchenko |first28=V. |last29=Venanzoni |first29=G. |last30=Van Wechel |first30=T.D. |journal=Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment |volume=783 |pages=12–21 |display-authors=1 }}</ref>

It also serves as an [oxygen scavenger](/source/oxygen_scavenger) in high-temperature [fluorine chemistry](/source/fluorine_chemistry), as [plumbous oxide](/source/plumbous_oxide) is relatively [volatile](/source/volatile_(chemistry)).<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-31045-5.pdf|journal=Scientific Reports|title=Growth and characterization of thorium‑doped calcium fluoride single crystals|first1=Kjeld|last1=Beeks|first2=Tomas|last2=Sikorsky|first3=Veronika|last3=Rosecker|first4=Martin|last4=Pressler|first5=Fabian|last5=Schaden|first6=David|last6=Werban|first7=Niyusha|last7=Hosseini|first8=Lukas|last8=Rudischer|first9=Felix|last9=Schneider|first10=Patrick|last10=Berwian|first11=Jochen|last11=Friedrich|first12=Dieter|last12=Hainz|first13=Jan|last13=Welch|first14=Johannes&nbsp;H.|last14=Sterba|first15=Georgy|last15=Kazakov|first16=Thorsten|last16=Schumm|year=2023|volume=13|issue=1 |doi=10.1038/s41598-023-31045-5|pages=3897–|pmid=36890210 |pmc=9995343 |bibcode=2023NatSR..13.3897B }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Lead compounds}}
{{fluorine compounds}}

Category:Fluorides
Category:Lead(II) compounds
Category:Metal halides
Category:Phosphors and scintillators
Category:Reagents for organic chemistry
Category:Glass compositions
Category:Fluorite crystal structure

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Lead(II) fluoride](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead(II)_fluoride) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead(II)_fluoride?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.