# Le her

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{{Short description|French card game}}
'''Le her''' (or ''le hère'') is a French [card game](/source/card_game) that dates back to the 16th century. It is quoted by the French poet {{ill|Marc Papillon de Lasphrise|fr|Marc Papillon}} in 1597. Under the name ''coucou'' it is mentioned in [Rabelais](/source/Rabelais)' long list of games (in ''[Gargantua](/source/Gargantua)'', 1534). Le Her belongs to the family of [Ranter-Go-Round](/source/Ranter-Go-Round) games. It is played with a standard deck of 52 cards by two people, designated the dealer and the receiver. King is ranked high and ace low.

To play, the dealer gives one card to the receiver and one to the dealer. The receiver may choose to exchange cards with the dealer, unless the dealer has a king, in which case no exchange occurs. Then, the dealer may choose to exchange with the top card of the deck, unless the top card is a king, in which case no exchange occurs. In the case of the dealer and receiver having same ranked cards, the dealer is the winner.<ref>Hargrave, C. P., 	''A History of Playing Cards and a Bibliography of Cards and Gaming'', New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1966, ''chapter IV. Playing cards in France'', páginas 31-88.</ref>

Le her played a role in the development of the mathematical [theory of probability](/source/theory_of_probability) with [solutions](/source/Solution_concept), being sought by [Bernoulli](/source/Jacob_Bernoulli) and [de Montmort](/source/Pierre_Raymond_de_Montmort). The game was analyzed by Charles Waldegrave, leading to the creation of the [Waldegrave problem](/source/Waldegrave_problem).<ref name="GT-PD-01">{{citation |author=Bellhouse, David R. |title=The Problem of Waldegrave |journal=Journal Électronique d'Histoire des Probabilités et de la Statistique |volume=3 |issue=2 |year=2007 |url=http://www.jehps.net/Decembre2007/Bellhouse.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080820134028/http://www.jehps.net/Decembre2007/Bellhouse.pdf |archive-date=2008-08-20 |url-status=live |trans-work=Electronic Journal of Probability History and Statistics}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bellhouse |first1=David R. |date=2015 |title=Le Her and Other Problems in Probability Discussed by Bernoulli, Montmort and Waldegrave |journal=Statistical Science |publisher=[Institute of Mathematical Statistics](/source/Institute_of_Mathematical_Statistics) |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=26–39 |arxiv=1504.01950 |bibcode=2015arXiv150401950B |doi=10.1214/14-STS469 |s2cid=59066805}}</ref>

==References==
<references />

== Further reading ==
{{cite book|title=The Theory of Gambling and Statistical Logic|url=https://www.elsevier.com/books/the-theory-of-gambling-and-statistical-logic/epstein/978-0-12-374940-6|first=Richard|last=Epstein|author-link=Richard Epstein|edition=2|date=2009|isbn=9780123749406|publisher=[Academic Press](/source/Academic_Press)}}{{Historical card games}}
Category:Gambling games
Category:French card games
Category:16th-century card games
{{Gambling-stub}}

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