# Latin upsilon

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> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Latin_upsilon.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_upsilon
> Source revision: 1340639609
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{{Short description|Letter of the Latin alphabet}}
{{hatnote group|
{{about|the Latin letter|the Greek letter|υ|the Latin letter resembling a lowercase Greek upsilon|ʋ|the sound with this symbol in the IPA|Near-close near-back rounded vowel}}
{{distinguish|text=the inverted ohm (mho) symbol [℧](/source/%E2%84%A7), the Japanese hiragana [ひ](/source/%E3%81%B2), the Canadian Aboriginal syllabic [ᘮ](/source/%E1%98%AE), or [Latin epsilon](/source/Latin_epsilon)}}
}}
{{Refimprove|date=September 2015}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2021}}{{Infobox grapheme
|name=Latin upsilon
|letter=Ʊ ʊ
|variations=
|image=File:Latin letter Upsilon.svg
|imageclass=skin-invert-image
|imagesize=200px
|imagealt=Upper and lower case Latin upsilon
|script=[Latin script](/source/Latin_script)
|type=[Alphabet](/source/Alphabet)
|typedesc=ic and [Logographic](/source/Logogram)
|language=
|phonemes={{flex list|[{{IPAlink|ʊ}}] [{{IPAlink|u̘}}]}}
|unicode=U+01B1, U+028A
|alphanumber=
|number=
| fam1 = <hiero>G43</hiero><hiero>T3</hiero>
| fam2 = class=skin-invert-image|20px|Waw
| fam3 = class=skin-invert-image|20px
| fam4 = class=skin-invert-image|20px|Waw
| fam5 = class=skin-invert-image|20px|Waw
| fam6 = {{script|Grek|[Υ υ](/source/Upsilon)}}
|usageperiod=
|children=
|sisters=
|equivalents=
|associates=
|direction=Left-to-Right
}}[[File:Latin Upsilon in ARA - uppercase and lowercase.svg|class=skin-invert-image|thumb|Shapes of horseshoe as designed for the [African reference alphabet](/source/African_reference_alphabet), clearly based on a serifed shape of the Latin capital U.]]The letter '''Ʊ''' ([minuscule](/source/Lower_case): '''ʊ'''), called '''Latin upsilon''' or sometimes '''inverted omega''', '''horseshoe u''', or '''bucket''', is a letter of the [International Phonetic Alphabet](/source/International_Phonetic_Alphabet) used to transcribe a [near-close near-back rounded vowel](/source/near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel). Graphically, the lower case is a turned small-capital Greek letter [omega](/source/omega) ({{lang|el|Ω}}) in many typefaces (e.g. [Arial](/source/Arial), [Calibri](/source/Calibri), [Candara](/source/Candara), [Liberation](/source/Liberation_fonts), [Lucida](/source/Lucida), [Noto](/source/Noto_fonts), [Times New Roman](/source/Times_New_Roman)), and historically it derives from a small-capital Latin U (ᴜ), with the serifs exaggerated to make them more visible.<ref>Small-cap {{angbr IPA|ᴜ}} was rounded to modern {{angbr IPA|ʊ}} in 1904, but continued with its original shape in Americanist usage.{{cite journal
|author=Association phonétique internationale
|year=1904
|title=Aim and Principles of the International Phonetic Association
|journal=Le Maître Phonétique
|volume=19
|issue=11
|at=Supplement
|jstor=44703664
}}</ref> However, [Geoffrey Pullum](/source/Geoffrey_K._Pullum) interpreted it as an IPA variant of the Greek letter [upsilon](/source/upsilon) (υ) and called it '''Latin upsilon''', the name that would be adopted by Unicode, though in IPA a letter closer to an actual Greek upsilon is also used for the [voiced labiodental approximant](/source/voiced_labiodental_approximant); Pullum called this letter ''script V''<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pullum|first1=Geoffrey K.|author-link1=Geoffrey K. Pullum |last2=Ladusaw|first2=William A.|date=1996|title=Phonetic Symbol Guide|edition=Second|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=0-226-68536-5|page=185|title-link=Phonetic Symbol Guide}}</ref> and Unicode calls it [V with hook](/source/%C6%B2).

Horseshoe is used in the [African reference alphabet](/source/African_reference_alphabet), and national alphabets such as those of [Anii](/source/Anii_language)<ref>{{Cite book|title=Alphabet des langues nationales béninoises|publisher=Ministère de l’Alphabétisation et de la Promotion des langues nationales, Centre national de linguistique appliquée, Benin|lang=fr|year=2008|ol = 25931062M}}</ref> and [Tem](/source/Tem_language). It most often has the value of {{IPAslink|u}} with [retracted tongue root](/source/retracted_tongue_root).

==Computer encoding==
The majuscule and the minuscule are located at {{unichar|01B1}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0250.pdf|title=IPA Extensions}}</ref> and {{unichar|028A}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0180.pdf|title=Latin Extended-B}}</ref> in [Unicode](/source/Unicode).

Derived characters are {{Unichar|1DB7|MODIFIER LETTER SMALL UPSILON}} and {{Unichar|1D7F|LATIN SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH STROKE}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04132-n2740-phonetic.pdf|title=L2/04-132 Proposal to add additional phonetic characters to the UCS|date=2004-04-19|first=Peter|last=Constable}}</ref>

==See also==
*[Mho](/source/Siemens_(unit)) (℧)
*[Ou (ligature)](/source/Ou_(ligature)), the Greek ligature of omicron (ο) and upsilon (υ), sometimes written as (℧)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Latin script|U
| show pairs = no
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Upsilon}}
Category:Latin-script letters

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Latin upsilon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_upsilon) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_upsilon?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.