# Large Zenith Telescope

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Decommissioned liquid mirror telescope in British Columbia

Large Zenith Telescope The Large Zenith Telescope. Notice the size compared to the person at the back. Alternative names LZT Location(s) British Columbia, Canada Coordinates 49°17′17″N 122°34′23″W / 49.2881°N 122.573°W / 49.2881; -122.573 Altitude 395 m (1,296 ft) Diameter 6 m (19 ft 8 in) Website www.astro.ubc.ca/lmt/lzt/ Location of Large Zenith Telescope Related media on Commons [edit on Wikidata]

The **Large Zenith Telescope** (**LZT**) was a 6.0-meter diameter [liquid-mirror telescope](/source/Liquid-mirror_telescope) located in the [University of British Columbia](/source/University_of_British_Columbia)'s [Malcolm Knapp Research Forest](/source/Malcolm_Knapp_Research_Forest), about 70 km (43 mi) east from [Vancouver](/source/Vancouver), British Columbia, Canada (north from [Maple Ridge](/source/Maple_Ridge%2C_British_Columbia)). It was one of the [largest optical telescopes](/source/List_of_largest_optical_reflecting_telescopes) in the world, but still quite inexpensive. The telescope was completed in the spring of 2003 and decommissioned in 2016.

## Design

Comparison of nominal sizes of primary mirrors of the Large Zenith Telescope and some notable optical telescopes

While a [zenith telescope](/source/Zenith_telescope) has the disadvantage of not being able to look anywhere but at a small spot straight up, its simplified setup permits the use of a mirror consisting of a smoothly spinning pan filled with liquid [mercury](/source/Mercury_(element)). Such a mirror can be made much larger than a conventional mirror, greatly increasing light collecting ability. The LZT is used for *transit imaging*, meaning that Earth's rotation moves stars along the sensor, and the [latent image](/source/Latent_image) in the sensor is moved electronically in step with this movement, so that it is read out at the trailing edge.

The telescope made use of parts from the 3-meter diameter [NASA Orbital Debris Observatory](/source/NASA_Orbital_Debris_Observatory) telescope, which had been using a liquid-mercury mirror for several years.

This mirror was a test, built for $1 million, but it was not suitable for astronomy because of the test site's weather. In 2016 it was noted as the third largest telescope in North America, and for its spinning mercury mirror that cost just 1% of normal mirrors, although it must view upward.[1]

## Decommissioning

According to *[Atlas Obscura](/source/Atlas_Obscura)* the Large Zenith Telescope was decommissioned in the summer of 2016.[2] All of its liquid [mercury](/source/Mercury_(element)) was stored for other projects.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

The website *Physics Footnotes* also mentioned that the LMT had been decommissioned, but gave no time frame in the undated article.[3]

*[Science](/source/Science_(journal))* magazine reported in 2019 that the LMT was decommissioned, but was also silent on the date.[4]

## Similar projects

The university plans a larger 8-meter liquid-mirror telescope named the Advanced Liquid-Mirror Probe (ALPACA) for astronomical use at an estimated first-light cost of $5 million, $3 million contingency, $10 million for the camera, $5 million for a [spectrograph](/source/Optical_spectrometer), and $0.3 million operating costs per year.[5]

A larger project is planned, called LAMA, with 66 individual 6.15-meter telescopes with a total collecting power equal to a 55-meter telescope, resolving power of a 70-meter scope.[6][7]

## See also

- [List of largest optical reflecting telescopes](/source/List_of_largest_optical_reflecting_telescopes)

- [List of the largest optical telescopes in North America](/source/List_of_the_largest_optical_telescopes_in_North_America)

- [Lists of telescopes](/source/Lists_of_telescopes)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["World's Largest Liquid Mirror: Large Zenith Telescope"](https://interestingengineering.com/largest-liquid-mirror-telescope-earth-large-zenith). *interestingengineering.com*. 2016-05-06. Retrieved 2019-10-09.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Large Zenith Telescope"](https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/large-zenith-telescope). *Atlas Obscura*. Retrieved November 17, 2021..

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [Physics Footnotes: Liquid Mirror Telescopes](https://physicsfootnotes.com/footnotes/liquid-mirror-telescopes/).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Clery, Daniel (2019-07-18). ["Could humanity's return to the moon spark a new age of lunar telescopes?"](https://www.science.org/content/article/could-humanity-s-return-moon-spark-new-age-lunar-telescopes). *Science – AAAS*. Retrieved 2019-10-09.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [ALPACA overview](http://user.astro.columbia.edu/~arlin/arcscopes.pdf).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Hickson, P. and Lanzetta, K. M., 2004, July. [Large aperture mirror array (LAMA): project overview](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228720624_Large_Aperture_Mirror_Array_LAMA_-_project_overview). In Second Backaskog Workshop on Extremely Large Telescopes (Vol. 5382, pp. 115–126). International Society for Optics and Photonics.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [The University of British-Columbia Liquid-Mirror Observatory - Perfecting the next generation of super telescopes](http://astro-canada.ca/l_observatoire_a_miroir_liquide_de_l_universite_de_la_colombie_britannique-the_university_of_british_columbia_liquid_mirror_observatory-eng).

## External links

- [LMT web site at UBC](http://www.astro.ubc.ca/LMT/).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Large Zenith Telescope](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Zenith_Telescope) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_Zenith_Telescope?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.