# Lancia 3Ro > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Lancia_3Ro > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Lancia_3Ro.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancia_3Ro > Source revision: 1322214915 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) Italian truck The **Lancia Ro**, **Lancia Ro-Ro** and **Lancia 3Ro** were [4x2](/source/Two-wheel_drive) [heavy trucks](/source/Truck) built by [Italian](/source/Italy) manufacturer [Lancia](/source/Lancia) from the 1930s through the 1940s for military and civilian use. The 2-cylinder diesel Ro was produced from 1933 to 1939, the 3-cylinder diesel Ro-Ro from 1935 to 1939 and the improved 5-cylinder diesel 3Ro from 1938 to 1947. Ro and 3Ro saw extensive military service during the [Second Italo-Ethiopian War](/source/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War) and [World War II](/source/World_War_II), chiefly as two of the main heavy trucks of the [Royal Italian Army](/source/Royal_Italian_Army). ## Lancia Ro Lancia Ro Type Military heavy truck Place of origin ITA Service history Used by Italy, Germany Wars World War II Production history Designed 1932 Manufacturer Lancia Produced 1933–1938 No. built 1701 petrol, 3056 diesel Specifications Mass 5,140 kg (11,332 lb) Length 7,084 mm (278.9 in) Width 2,300 mm (90.6 in) Height 3,000 mm (118.1 in) Crew 1 Engine 3 cylinder petrol engine to 4771 cc 2 cylinders diesel engine to 1900 t/mn CH xx CV petrol, 64 CV diesel Payload capacity 6,500 kg (14,330 lb) Transmission 4 forward 1 reverse Fuel capacity 3,180 cc Operational range 300 km (30 litres/100 km) diesel Maximum speed 32 km/h (20 mph) diesel The **Lancia Ro** (or 264) was the first of a family of Lancia 4x2 heavy trucks, starting in 1933. The Ro was built with two versions, a three-cylinder [gasoline](/source/Gasoline) (BM) engine or a two-cylinder [diesel](/source/Diesel_engine) (Nm) engine. The Ro was particularly robust truck, considered reliable, requiring little maintenance, and easy to drive.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] It was the first Italian truck to receive a 4 speed transmission. ### Models #### Ro NM The **Ro NM** (for *Nafta Militare* or "diesel, military") military truck was produced in 3,056 units from 1934 to 1938, and eventually replaced by the improved 3Ro.[1] Built by Lancia under license from German firm [Junkers](/source/Junkers), the *Tipo 89* engine fitted to the Ro was a compact 3,180 cc (194 cu in), four [opposed-piston](/source/Opposed-piston_engine), [straight-two cylinder](/source/Straight-twin_engine), [two-stroke](/source/Two-stroke_engine) [diesel](/source/Diesel_engine). It developed 64 hp (48 kW) at 1,500 rpm.[1] The transmission used a *Tipo 126* 4-speed [manual transmission](/source/Manual_transmission) with a 2 speed auxiliary, for a total of 8 forward and 2 reverse speeds.[1] #### Ro From 1933 to 1939 429 civilian Ro trucks were built.[1] This version differed mechanically from the military type mainly for its wider tracks front and rear, as well for the availability of a longer 4,250 mm (167.3 in) wheelbase alongside the normal version.[1] #### Ro BM From 1934 to 1938 Lancia built 1701 military type Ros fitted with a petrol engine, intended for colonial duty—the **Ro BM** (364), for *Benzina Militare* or "petrol, military".[2] Its *Tipo 98* [petrol engine](/source/Petrol_engine) was a [side valve](/source/Side_valve) 5,120 cc (312 cu in) [inline-four](/source/Inline-four_engine), developing 65 hp (48 kW) at 1,700 rpm.[2] #### Ro-Ro The **Lancia Ro-Ro** (265) was an improved civilian-only, longer wheelbase (4,650 mm or 183.1 in) version of the Ro fitted with a Lancia-developed [three cylinder](/source/Straight-three_engine) version of the Lancia-Junkers two-cylinder diesel. It was built from 1935 to 1939 in 302 examples.[2] The Ro-Ro was powered by a *Tipo 90* 4,770 cc (291 cu in) inline-three cylinders, opposed piston, two-stroke diesel developing 95 hp (71 kW) at 1,500 rpm.[2] ### Service history From 1934 to 1938 the [Royal Italian Army](/source/Royal_Italian_Army) acquired 4,757 Lancia Ros which were equipped with pneumatic tires where it was used to transport artillery and light tanks. The Royal Italian Army deployed the [Lancia](/source/Lancia) Ro for the first time in [North Africa](/source/North_Africa) in 1935–1936. The 228 Ro's sent there gave full satisfaction to the Italian Army. Ro's traveled over roads and tracks in all temperatures; and did not encounter difficulty in the mountain routes where grades can reach 25%. In [Spain](/source/Spain) Ro's still proved reliable on roads, but its capacities over ground were very limited. The [Lancia](/source/Lancia) Ro was used by Royal Italian Army and [Wehrmacht](/source/Wehrmacht) in World War II in all theaters of the war. ## Lancia 3Ro Lancia 3Ro Lancia 3 Ro Militare Type Military heavy truck Place of origin ITA Service history Used by Italy, Germany Wars World War II Production history Designed 1938 Manufacturer Lancia Produced 1938–1950 No. built 9490 diesel (WWII) Specifications Mass 5,610 kg Length 7,084 mm Width 2,350 mm Height 3,000 mm Crew 1 Engine 6.9L I5 (93 PS @ 1860 rpm) Payload capacity 6,500 kg Transmission 4 forward 1 reverse Fuel capacity 6,875 cc Operational range 450 km (24 litres/100 km) diesel Maximum speed 45 km/h (diesel) The **Lancia 3Ro** 4x2 heavy truck evolved from the earlier Lancia Ro by receiving a stronger five cylinder engine to replace two and three cylinder engines, [pneumatic tires](/source/Pneumatic_tire) and an improved [transmission](/source/Transmission_(mechanics)); it is best known for its role as one of the main trucks of the [Royal Italian Army](/source/Royal_Italian_Army) in [World War II](/source/World_War_II). The Lancia 3 Ro's design was simple, functional and was considered the most reliable heavy truck of the Royal Italian Army in World War II serving in all theatres of the war. Besides the diesel military model, the 3Ro was also built in civilian versions, with petrol and [gas engines](/source/Gas_engine), as well as in extended wheelbase [coach](/source/Coach_(bus)) chassis. Production of the 3Ro chassis began in 1939, continued throughout the Second World War and finally ended in 1949, when it was superseded by the [Lancia Esatau](/source/Lancia_Esatau). ### Specifications The 3Ro used a [ladder frame](/source/Ladder_frame) and [leaf spring](/source/Leaf_spring)-suspended [solid axles](/source/Solid_axle) front and rear. Powering diesel 3Ro was a Lancia *Tipo 102* 6,875 cc (420 cu in) [straight-five](/source/Straight-five_engine) [diesel engine](/source/Diesel_engine), with two parallel [overhead valves](/source/Overhead_valve) per cylinder, which developed 93 hp (69 kW) at 1,860 rpm.[3] Like on the Ro the transmission used a 4-speed plus reverse [gearbox](/source/Manual_transmission) complemented by a low range gearing, for a total of 8 forward and 2 reverse speeds.[3] Brakes were servo-assisted, mechanically operated [drums](/source/Drum_brake) on all four wheels, plus [hydraulic](/source/Hydraulic_brake) emergency [hand brake](/source/Hand_brake) also on all four wheels.[3] ### Models #### 3Ro NM The **3Ro NM** (564B), for *Nafta Militare* or "diesel, military", military truck was produced in 9,490 units from 1938 to 1943.[3] It was built with a 4,300 mm (169.3 in) wheelbase. #### 3Ro The civilian **3Ro** (564) truck was produced in 1,307 units from 1938 to 1945.[2] Mechanically the chassis was identical to the military version. After the production of a modified civilian 3Ro began, coded 564C. In total between 1936 and 1947 3,336 were made.[4] Civilian 3Ro with trailer #### 3Ro P and PL The **3Ro P** (266P) and **3Ro PL** (266PL) were stretched chassis to serve as basis for buses and coaches, whose wheelbases measured respectively 4,850 mm (190.9 in) and 5,600 mm (220.5 in).[3] Between 1939 and 1949 837 were made.[3] In 1941 some 3Ro 266P were built with a *Tipo 102C* natural gas engine, developed from the inline-five diesel, with four valves per cylinder.[4] #### 3Ro BM From 1943 to 1945 a total of 408 petrol-engined **3Ro BM** (564B), for *Benzina Militare* or "petrol, military", were produced.[4] Like the natural gas engine, the *Tipo 102B* inline-five petrol was derived from the diesel, with new 16-valve heads.[4] #### Esaro The **Lancia Esaro** was a shortened version of the 3Ro, produced from 1943 to 1946 in military and civilian versions, with 5-cylinder petrol and diesel engines. At 3,650 mm (143.7 in), the Esaro's wheelbase was 650 mm (25.6 in) shorter than the military 3Ro's.[5] Production amounted to 2000 of the petrol variant (made between 1943 and 1946), and just 21 diesels (all made during 1946).[5] 3Ro wartime production Year Number 1939 657 1940 2,646 1941 3,162 1942 1,643 1943 1,205 1944 51 1945 1 ### Service history Over the course of the war many variants of the military 3Ro were made: [troop transport](/source/Troopship), supply transport, 5,000-litre fuel tanker, 4,000-litre water tanker, mobile repair workshop, [anti-aircraft](/source/Anti-aircraft), and [self-propelled gun](/source/Self-propelled_gun). In [North Africa](/source/North_Africa) and [Sicily](/source/Sicily) with the top of the cab cut away and lower sideboards the Lancia 3 Ro became well suited for [desert warfare](/source/Desert_warfare) serving as a [self-propelled gun](/source/Self-propelled_gun) porting the [Cannone da 90/53](/source/Cannone_da_90%2F53) as well as the [100/17](/source/10_cm_M._14_Feldhaubitze) [howitzer](/source/Howitzer). German armed forces always in need of supplies and material made use of any Ro and 3Ro as well as any other equipment, Italian or otherwise, that came into their possession. After the Italian [armistice](/source/Armistice) of September 8, 1943, the [Wehrmacht](/source/Wehrmacht) absorbed commandeered Ro and 3Ro trucks from their former ally. In April 1944 with the Lancia factory in German controlled [Italy](/source/Italy), German armed forces placed an order for 772 3Ro built between January 1944 and February 1945. After the end of the war the 3Ro remained in service in the Italian Army, with the last 3Ro truck being retired in 1964. ## See also - [List of Italian military vehicles of the Second World War](/source/List_of_Italian_military_vehicles_of_the_Second_World_War) - [Lancia 1Z](/source/Lancia_1Z) - [Lancia Jota](/source/Lancia_Jota) - [Lince](/source/Lince_(armored_car)) ## References 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992408_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992408_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992408_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992408_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992408_1-4) [Amatori et al. 1992](#CITEREFAmatori_et_al.1992), p. 408. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992409_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992409_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992409_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992409_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992409_2-4) [Amatori et al. 1992](#CITEREFAmatori_et_al.1992), p. 409. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992410_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992410_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992410_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992410_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992410_3-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992410_3-5) [Amatori et al. 1992](#CITEREFAmatori_et_al.1992), p. 410. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992411_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992411_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992411_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992411_4-3) [Amatori et al. 1992](#CITEREFAmatori_et_al.1992), p. 411. 1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992412_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori_et_al.1992412_5-1) [Amatori et al. 1992](#CITEREFAmatori_et_al.1992), p. 412. ## Bibliography - Pignacca, Brizio (2003). *Ruote in divisa: un secolo di veicoli militari* (1st ed.). Vimodrone (Milan): Giorgio Nada Editore. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [88-7911-283-X](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-7911-283-X). [LCCN](/source/LCCN_(identifier)) [2003361187](https://lccn.loc.gov/2003361187). - Condolo, Massimo (2001). *Camion Lancia* (1st ed.). Fondazione Negri. [LCCN](/source/LCCN_(identifier)) [2002322840](https://lccn.loc.gov/2002322840). - *Storia illustrata del camion italiano*. Edizione Neri. 1996. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-88-900955-8-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-900955-8-0). - Pignato, Nicola; Cappellano, Filippo (2002). *Gli autoveicoli da combattimento dell'esercito italiano, vol. 1* (1st ed.). Rome: USSME. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [88-87940-28-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-87940-28-2). [LCCN](/source/LCCN_(identifier)) [2004424840](https://lccn.loc.gov/2004424840). - Pignato, Nicola; Cappellano, Filippo (2002). *Gli autoveicoli da combattimento dell'esercito italiano, vol. 2* (1st ed.). Rome: USSME. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [8887940290](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8887940290). [LCCN](/source/LCCN_(identifier)) [2004424840](https://lccn.loc.gov/2004424840). - Ceva, L.; Curami, A. *La meccanizzazione dell'esercito fino al 1943*. USSME. - Pignato, Nicola (1998). *Gli autoveicoli del Regio Esercito nella seconda guerra mondiale*. Storia Militare. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [88-87372-04-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-87372-04-7). - Riccio, Ralph; Pignato, Nicola (2010). *Italian Truck Mounted Artillery: In Action*. In Action Series. Squadron/Signal Publications. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-89747-601-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89747-601-0). - Amatori, Franco; et al. (1992). *Storia della Lancia — Impresa Tecnologie Mercati 1906–1969*. Milan: [Fabbri Editori](/source/Fabbri_Editori). p. 350. ## External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Lancia 3RO](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lancia_3RO). - [https://archive.today/20080421175130/http://aermacchi.ifrance.com/photoscopelancia3.htm](https://archive.today/20080421175130/http://aermacchi.ifrance.com/photoscopelancia3.htm) (French) - [http://www.lancia-historie.de/lkw_3ro.html](http://www.lancia-historie.de/lkw_3ro.html) (German) - [http://www.german.o5m6.de/lancia_3ro.html](http://www.german.o5m6.de/lancia_3ro.html) (English) - [http://www.kfzderwehrmacht.de/](http://www.kfzderwehrmacht.de/) (German and English) - [https://web.archive.org/web/20110721001726/http://ww2armor.jexiste.fr/Files/Axis/Axis/1-Vehicles/Italy/10-Trucks/Lancia-Ro-3Ro/Lancia-Ro-3Ro.htm](https://web.archive.org/web/20110721001726/http://ww2armor.jexiste.fr/Files/Axis/Axis/1-Vehicles/Italy/10-Trucks/Lancia-Ro-3Ro/Lancia-Ro-3Ro.htm) (French and English) - [https://army1914-1945.org.pl/wlochy2/regio-esercito/uzbrojenie-wyposazenie-i-sprzet-regio-esercito/samochody-motocykle-i-pojazdy-specjalne/210-samochod-ciezarowy-lancia-3ro](https://army1914-1945.org.pl/wlochy2/regio-esercito/uzbrojenie-wyposazenie-i-sprzet-regio-esercito/samochody-motocykle-i-pojazdy-specjalne/210-samochod-ciezarowy-lancia-3ro) (Polish) - [https://army1914-1945.org.pl/wlochy2/regio-esercito/uzbrojenie-wyposazenie-i-sprzet-regio-esercito/pojazdy-bojowe/213-samochod-opancerzony-lancia-3ro-blindato](https://army1914-1945.org.pl/wlochy2/regio-esercito/uzbrojenie-wyposazenie-i-sprzet-regio-esercito/pojazdy-bojowe/213-samochod-opancerzony-lancia-3ro-blindato) (Polish) v t e Lancia A marque of Stellantis Passenger cars Current models Ypsilon IV Lancia Gamma III 1980–2016 Trevi Prisma Thema I Y10 Dedra Delta II Kappa Zeta Lybra Thesis Phedra Ypsilon I Ypsilon II Musa Delta III Thema II Flavia II Voyager Ypsilon III 1945–1980 Aurelia Appia Flaminia Flavia I Fulvia 2000 Beta Stratos HF Montecarlo Gamma Delta I 1918–1945 Kappa Dikappa Trikappa Lambda Dilambda Artena Astura Augusta Aprilia Ardea 1907–1918 12 HP Alfa 18 HP Dialfa 15/20 HP Beta 20 HP Gamma 20/30 HP Delta 20/30 HP Epsilon 30/50 HP Eta 25-35 HP Theta Concept cars Florida I Florida II Fulvia Berlinetta Competizione Stratos HF Zero Dunja 1.6 HF Stratos HF Megagamma Sibilo Medusa ECV Orca HIT Magia Kayak Dialogos Fulvia Coupé Concept Pu+Ra HPE Upcoming cars Lancia Delta IV Buses Trijota Omicron Ro 140 Trucks Jota 3Ro Esatau Esadelta Esagamma E290 Vans Beta Jolly Superjolly Military vehicles 1Z 1ZM Lince Motorsport Scuderia Lancia Jolly Club Martini Racing Racing cars D24 D25 D50 LC1 LC2 Stratos HF Rally 037 Delta S4 Delta HF Ypsilon Rally4 HF Rally2 HF Integrale Drivers Andrea Aghini Markku Alén Alberto Ascari Didier Auriol Miki Biasion Louis Chiron Juha Kankkunen Sandro Munari Walter Röhrl Luigi Villoresi People Vincenzo Lancia Gianni Lancia Vittorio Jano Pier Ugo Gobbato Claudio Lombardi Sergio Limone Carlo Pesenti Francesco De Virgilio Technologies Blue&Me Flat-4 engine V4 engine V6 engine Museum Lancia Museum Museo Vincenzo Lancia Buildings Palazzo Lancia Lancia Borgo San Paolo Plant Lancia Chivasso plant Bike Lancia Urban Bike Boat Lancia di Lancia Vincenzo Lancia Category v t e Lancia commercial and industrial vehicles timeline Type 1910s 1910s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 LCV Ardea 550/650 Appia C80/C83/C86 Superjolly Jolly Beta Lorry Jota Triota Pentaiota Eptaiota Djota Tetraiota Ro Esadelta Ro-Ro Esaro Esatau 3Ro Esagamma Bus Omicron --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Lancia 3Ro](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancia_3Ro) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancia_3Ro?action=history)). 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