# Lancia 1Z

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Italian light military truck

This article is about the 1912 military truck. For the armored car on the same chassis, see [Lancia 1ZM](/source/Lancia_1ZM).

Lancia 1Z Type Light military truck Place of origin Italy Service history Used by Royal Italian Army Wars Italo-Turkish War First World War Production history Manufacturer Lancia Produced 1912–1916 No. built 91 Specifications Length 5,100 mm (200 in) Width 1,750 mm (69 in) Engine Lancia tipo 61 4,490 cc I4 petrol 70 hp Payload capacity 2.2 t Transmission 4-speed gearbox Suspension Leaf springs Maximum speed 60 km/h (37 mph)

The **Lancia 1Z** was a light military [truck](/source/Truck) produced by Italian manufacturer [Lancia](/source/Lancia) between 1912 and 1916. From a mechanical standpoint, it was closely related to the 1913 [35 HP Theta](/source/Lancia_Theta-35HP) [passenger car](/source/Car). It was Lancia's first military vehicle.[1]

## Development and service history

At the outbreak of the [Italo-Turkish War](/source/Italo-Turkish_War) of 1911, the [Royal Italian Army](/source/Royal_Italian_Army), whose motorisation had only begun a few years before, was chiefly equipped with [Fiat 15](/source/Fiat_15) trucks. After a positive experience on the field, the army handed out additional procurements contracts of trucks for tactical and logistical use, to both Fiat and other manufacturers. One of them was Lancia, which developed the 1Z and began deliveries in 1912, in time for the vehicle to see war service on the harsh terrains of [Libya](/source/Libya). Production and army use continued into the [First World War](/source/World_War_I).

In 1916, [Ansaldo](/source/Gio._Ansaldo_%26_C.) and Lancia jointly built an [armored car](/source/Armored_car_(military)) on the 1Z chassis, named *[Automitragliatrice Lancia Ansaldo 1Z](/source/Lancia_1ZM)*. These were the Royal Italian Army main armored vehicle and were used in [riot control](/source/Riot_control) and later in the war to quickly exploit infantry breakthroughs. An improved type, the *Lancia Ansaldo 1ZM*, was produced in 1918.

In 1915, Lancia introduced the [Jota](/source/Lancia_Jota) truck, which used the same 4.5-litre engine but had a dedicated chassis; production of the 1Z truck subsequently ended during 1916.

## Self-propelled artillery

In 1917 the 1Z truck was selected as the carrier for [Cannone da 75/26 A.V.](/source/Cannone_da_75%2F27_A.V.) guns to form [self-propelled anti-aircraft artillery](/source/Self-propelled_anti-aircraft_weapon); designated **Autocannone da 75/27 C.K.**, the weapon system consisted of an anti-aircraft gun permanently installed in the bed of a partially armored 1Z. The [pintle mounted](/source/Pintle_mount) 75/26 A.V. (*Anti Velivolo*, anti-aircraft) was based on the [75/27 Mod. 1906](/source/Cannone_da_75%2F27_modello_06)[a] [field gun](/source/Field_gun) modified for use in the anti-aircraft role.[2] The initial order of 50 guns was later halved to 25, to form six mobile batteries (*Autobatterie*) which were delivered in summer 1918; the experiment was short lived, as the weapon did not prove satisfactory in the field and the guns were soon dismounted to be used in static positions.[2]

The Italian artillery arm also used the 1Z as a gun platform in a [self-propelled artillery](/source/Self-propelled_artillery) role carrying [75/27 Mod. 1911](/source/Cannone_da_75%2F27_modello_11) guns [portee](/source/Portee)-style.[2] Six batteries were formed in late 1918, and from 1920 to 1928 were assigned to the [horse artillery](/source/Horse_artillery) branch.[2]

## Specifications

The 1Z was powered by the *Tipo 61* 4,940 cc [side valve](/source/Side_valve), [monobloc](/source/Monobloc_head) [inline four-cylinder engine](/source/Inline-four_engine) delivering 70 hp (52 kW) at 2,200 rpm.[3] The chassis was a conventional [ladder frame](/source/Ladder_frame) with [solid axles](/source/Solid_axle) on semi-elliptic [leaf springs](/source/Leaf_spring); brakes were [on the transmission](/source/Transmission_brake) and on the rear wheels. The transmission was a *Tipo 105* 4-speed [manual gearbox](/source/Manual_transmission) with a multi-plate dry [clutch](/source/Clutch). Main differences from the [Theta](/source/Lancia_Theta-35HP)'s mechanicals were wider [axle tracks](/source/Axle_track), and [tyres](/source/Tyre_(wheel)) and metal disc wheels more suited to military use.[3] The vehicle had a top speed of 60 km/h (37 mph) and could carry 2.2 tons of cargo.[1]

## Notes and references

### Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** License-built [Krupp](/source/Krupp) field gun adopted by the Royal Italian Army.

### References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Lancia_history_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Lancia_history_1-1) ["Historic models"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150422065736/http://www.lancia.com/com/en/history/model-history). Lancia Automobiles S.p.A. Archived from [the original](http://www.lancia.com/com/en/history/model-history/) on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 3 May 2015.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiccio_and_Pignato25_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiccio_and_Pignato25_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiccio_and_Pignato25_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiccio_and_Pignato25_3-3) [Riccio and Pignato](#CITEREFRiccio_and_Pignato), p. 25.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori1992402_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmatori1992402_4-1) [Amatori 1992](#CITEREFAmatori1992), p. 402.

### Bibliography

- Amatori, Franco; et al. (1992). *Storia della Lancia — Impresa Tecnologie Mercati 1906–1969*. Milan: [Fabbri Editori](/source/Fabbri_Editori).

- Riccio, Ralph; Pignato, Nicola. *Italian Truck Mounted Artillery: In Action*. In Action Series. Squadron/Signal Publications. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-89747-601-0](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89747-601-0).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Lancia 1Z](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancia_1Z) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancia_1Z?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.