# Lampriformes > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Lampriformes > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Lampriformes.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampriformes > Source revision: 1354727858 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Order of fishes}} {{Automatic taxobox | fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Campanian|Recent}} | image = Lophotus lacepede.jpg | image_caption = [Crested oarfish](/source/Crested_oarfish), ''Lophotus lacepede'' ([Lophotidae](/source/Lophotidae)) | taxon = Lampriformes | authority = [Regan](/source/Charles_Tate_Regan), 1909 | diversity_link = #Classification | diversity = 7 living families | synonyms = Allotriognathi
"Bathysomi" (non-monophyletic)
Taeniosomi (monophyletic group containing Crestfishes (Lophotidae), Tapertails (Radiicephalidae), Ribbonfishes (Trachipteridae), and Oarfishes (Regalecidae)
Lampriformes (alternative ordinal name not currently used in most phylogenetic analyses)
| type_species = [Lampris guttatus](/source/Lampris_guttatus) | type_species_authority = [Brünnich](/source/Morten_Thrane_Br%C3%BCnnich), 1788 }} '''Lampriformes'''{{efn|In adherence to [WikiProject Fishes](/source/WP%3AFISH) guidelines, the taxonomic name used is the one that appears in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes.}} ({{IPAc-en|'|l|æ|m|p|r|ᵻ|f|ɔːr|m|iː|z}}) is an [order](/source/order_(biology)) of [ray-finned fishes](/source/Actinopterygii). Members are commonly known as '''lampriforms''', and include such open-[ocean](/source/ocean) and partially [deep-sea](/source/Deep_sea) [Teleost](/source/Teleost)ei as the opahs, sailfin velifer, [crestfish](/source/crestfish)es, [ribbonfish](/source/ribbonfish)es and [oarfish](/source/oarfish)es. A [synonym](/source/synonym_(biology)) for this order is '''Allotriognathi''', while an often-seen spelling variant is '''Lampridiformes'''. They contain seven extant [families](/source/Family_(taxonomy)) which are generally small but highly distinct, and a mere 12 lampriform [genera](/source/genera) with some 20 [species](/source/species) altogether are recognized.Nelson (2006): pp.226,228 They are the only extant members of the superorder [Lamprimorpha](/source/Lamprimorpha), which was formerly diverse throughout much of the [Late Cretaceous](/source/Late_Cretaceous).{{Cite journal |last=Delbarre |first=Daniel J. |last2=Davesne |first2=Donald |last3=Friedman |first3=Matt |date=2016-07-02 |title=Anatomy and relationships of † Aipichthys pretiosus and †‘ Aipichthys ’ nuchalis (Acanthomorpha: Lampridomorpha), with a review of Late Cretaceous relatives of oarfishes and their allies |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14772019.2015.1078538 |journal=Journal of Systematic Palaeontology |language=en |volume=14 |issue=7 |pages=545–567 |doi=10.1080/14772019.2015.1078538 |issn=1477-2019|url-access=subscription }}{{Cite book |last=Nelson |first=Joseph S. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119174844 |title=Fishes of the World |last2=Grande |first2=Terry C. |last3=Wilson |first3=Mark V. H. |date=2016-02-22 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6}} The [scientific name](/source/Binomial_nomenclature) literally means "shaped (like the) bright (one)", as "lampr-", meaning bright, comes from ''lampris'', the generic name for the [opah](/source/opah). In contrast, most other living lampriforms are actually ribbon-like and not very similar to the disc-shaped opahs in [habitus](/source/Morphology_(biology)). They are, however, quite distinctly united by their [anatomy](/source/anatomy), and the family's [phylogeny](/source/Phylogenetic_tree), as well as the most ancient [fossil](/source/fossil)s of this order suggest the original lampriform was rather "opah-shaped". The scientific name is a combination of ''[Lampris](/source/Lampris)'' (the [type genus](/source/type_genus)) + the standard [fish](/source/fish) order [suffix](/source/suffix) "-formes". It ultimately derives from [Ancient Greek](/source/Ancient_Greek) ''lamprós'' (λαμπρός, "bright") + [Latin](/source/Latin) ''forma'' ("external form"), the former in reference to brilliant coloration of opahs.Woodhouse (1910), Glare (1968-1982), FishBase (2006), Nelson (2006): pp.226-230 ==Description and ecology== [[File:Faroese stamp 546 moonfish.jpg|thumb|left|''[Lampris guttatus](/source/Lampris_guttatus)'' on [Faroese](/source/Faroe_Islands) [stamp](/source/Postage_stamp) FO 546 by [Astrid Andreasen](/source/Astrid_Andreasen)]] These [ocean](/source/ocean)ic fishes are [pelagic](/source/pelagic_zone) feeders that stay well above the [sea floor](/source/Seabed), and normally occur in waters 100–1000 m deep. They are typically brightly coloured as adults, often with brilliant [crimson](/source/crimson) [fin](/source/fin)s. Lampriforms have highly variable body forms, but they are generally [laterally](/source/Anatomical_terms_of_location) compressed. Some are rounded in lateral view, while others are very elongated. The former are termed '''bathysomes'''—"deep-bodies", from [Ancient Greek](/source/Ancient_Greek) ''bathýs'' (βᾶθύς) "deep" + ''sōma'' (σῶμα) "body"—and the latter '''taeniosomes'''—"ribbon-bodies", [Greek](/source/Greek_language) ''tainía'' (ταινία) "ribbon". They vary greatly in size, too, ranging from less than {{convert|30|cm|abbr=on}} in the sailfin moonfishes ([Veliferidae](/source/Veliferidae)) to ''[Regalecus glesne](/source/Giant_oarfish)'', the longest of all living [bony fishes](/source/Osteichthyes), which may reach {{convert|17|m|abbr=on}} in length.Woodhouse (1910), Olney (1998), Nelson (2006): p.226 The lampriforms have 84 to 96 total [vertebra](/source/vertebra)e; an [orbitosphenoid](/source/Lesser_wing_of_sphenoid_bone) bone is present in some members of this order. Their [premaxilla](/source/premaxilla) completely excludes the [maxilla](/source/maxilla) from the gape, but the [jaw](/source/jaw)s are highly protrusible, nonetheless. The upper jaw's protrusion is achieved in a unique way: the maxilla, instead of being [ligament](/source/ligament)ously attached to the [ethmoid](/source/ethmoid) and [palatine](/source/Palatine_bone), slides in and out with the highly protractile premaxilla. The [pelvic fin](/source/pelvic_fin)s have up to 17 rays and are placed rather far toward the front of the animal, but they can be missing entirely. The [dorsal fin](/source/dorsal_fin) is long, and tends to extend along most of the length of the body. [Fin spines](/source/Fish_anatomy) are absent in all. Some have a [physoclistous gas bladder](/source/Swim_bladder), while others have none. They either have tiny [scales](/source/Scale_(anatomy)) or naked skin.Olney (1998), Nelson (2006): p.226 ==Systematics and evolution== The Lampriformes are anatomically similar to some [Acanthopterygii](/source/Acanthopterygii) at a first glance, but more detailed studies reveal they are not as advanced, and many authors assign them to a [basal](/source/Basal_(phylogenetics)) position inside the advanced spiny-[rayed](/source/Fish_fin) [Teleost](/source/Teleost)ei [clade](/source/clade) called [Acanthomorpha](/source/Acanthomorpha), as [monotypic](/source/monotypic) [superorder](/source/superorder) Lampridiomorpha. Unlike their presumed relatives, they lack [fin spines](/source/Fish_anatomy), however, and other authors have considered them to form a lineage just outside the Acanthomorpha, and the [sister taxon](/source/Sister_group) of the [Myctophiformes](/source/Myctophiformes). [Molecular](/source/Molecular_phylogenetics) data also support the view that the Lampriformes are close to the advanced Teleostei. But the data do not agree on their exact relationships, and the Myctophiformes are also inferred to be close to the [Protacanthopterygii](/source/Protacanthopterygii), one of the core groups of moderately advanced teleosts. As modern [taxonomy](/source/Taxonomy_(biology)) tries to avoid a profusion of small [taxa](/source/Taxon), and the delimitation of the Euteleostei ([Protacanthopterygii](/source/Protacanthopterygii) ''[sensu](/source/sensu) stricto'' and their allies) versus Acanthopterygii remains uncertain, the [systematics](/source/systematics) and taxonomy of the Lampriformes among the teleosts are in need of further study.Nelson (2006): p.226, Diogo (2008) [[File:Analectis.jpg|thumb|right|Reconstruction of ''[Analectis pala](/source/Analectis)'', the youngest-known member of the [extinct](/source/extinction) bathysome [Turkmenidae](/source/Turkmenidae), which dates from the [Late Oligocene](/source/Chattian)]] The lampriforms diverged from other teleosts in the [Cretaceous](/source/Cretaceous), perhaps 80 million years ago (Mya) or slightly more, considering that the oldest-known lampriforms, ''[Nardovelifer](/source/Nardovelifer)'', date from the late [Campanian](/source/Campanian) epoch and are already clearly assignable to the present order. The [basal](/source/basal_(evolution)) lampriforms were bathysomes, while the taeniosome body shape is [apomorphic](/source/Cladistics) and seems to have evolved only once. The order underwent its main [radiation](/source/evolutionary_radiation) in the [Paleocene](/source/Paleocene) period; the opah-like Turkmenidae were a family of lampriforms thriving at that time, but going extinct around the start of the [Neogene](/source/Neogene), about 23 Mya. Other [fossil](/source/fossil) Lampridiformes are ''[Bajaichthys](/source/Bajaichthys)'', ''[Palaeocentrotus](/source/Palaeocentrotus)'', and ''[Veronavelifer](/source/Veronavelifer)''. ===Classification=== [[File:Giant Oarfish.jpg|thumb|right|[Giant oarfish](/source/Giant_oarfish), ''Regalecus glesne'' ([Regalecidae](/source/Oarfish)), caught in 1996 off [Coronado, California](/source/Coronado%2C_California)]] [[File:Zu cristatus2.jpg|thumb|right|[Scalloped ribbonfish](/source/Scalloped_ribbonfish), ''Zu cristatus'' ([Trachipteridae](/source/Ribbonfish))]] The order is occasionally divided into the Lamproidei and the Trachipteroidei. The former are a [paraphyletic](/source/Paraphyly) assemblage, thus effectively [synonymous](/source/Synonym_(taxonomy)) with the entire order, while the latter can be considered a valid [suborder](/source/Order_(biology)). Including fossil taxa, the classification of the Lampriformes in [phylogenetic](/source/Phylogenetics) sequence, with the number of living [genera](/source/genera) and [species](/source/species), can thus be given as:Nelson (2006): pp.226-230 '''Suborder Lamproidei''' * Genus ''[Bathysoma](/source/Bathysoma)'' (fossil) * Genus ''[Nardovelifer](/source/Nardovelifer)'' (fossil) * Genus ''[Iratusichthys](/source/Iratusichthys)'' (fossil){{Cite web |date=2025-02-04 |title=Bulletin Volume 74 – 2025 |url=https://2dgf.dk/publikationer/bulletin/bulletin-volume-74-2025/ |access-date=2025-04-21 |website=Dansk Geologisk Forening |language=da-DK |doi=10.37570/bgsd-2025-74-04}} * Genus ''[Palaeocentrotus](/source/Palaeocentrotus)'' (fossil) * Genus ''[Whitephippus](/source/Whitephippus)'' (fossil){{Cite journal |last1=Davesne |first1=Donald |last2=Andrews |first2=James V. |last3=Beckett |first3=Hermione T. |last4=Giles |first4=Sam |last5=Friedman |first5=Matt |date=2024-01-09 |title=Three-dimensional anatomy of the early Eocene Whitephippus (Teleostei, Lampriformes) documents parallel conquests of the pelagic environment by multiple teleost lineages |url=https://hal.science/hal-04385310/document |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |doi=10.1080/02724634.2023.2284998 |issn=0272-4634}} * Family [Turkmenidae](/source/Turkmenidae) (fossil) * Family [Veliferidae](/source/Veliferidae) — sailfin moonfishes (two genera, six species) * Family [Lampridae](/source/Opah) — opahs (one genus, two species) '''Suborder Trachipteroidei''' * Family [Lophotidae](/source/Crestfish) — crestfishes (two genera, three species) * Family [Radiicephalidae](/source/Radiicephalus_elongatus) — tapertail (monotypic) * Family [Trachipteridae](/source/Ribbonfish) — ribbonfishes (three genera, 10 species) * Family [Regalecidae](/source/Oarfish) — oarfishes (two genera, three species) ==Timeline of genera== ImageSize = width:1000px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-66 till:10 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-66 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-66 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.54,0.54,0.258) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:paleocene value:rgb(0.99,0.65,0.37) id:eocene value:rgb(0.99,0.71,0.42) id:oligocene value:rgb(0.99,0.75,0.48) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:miocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.999999,0) id:pliocene value:rgb(0.97,0.98,0.68) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.5) id:pleistocene value:rgb(0.999999,0.95,0.68) id:holocene value:rgb(0.999,0.95,0.88) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:NAM9 bar:NAM10 bar:NAM11 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -66 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:[Paleocene](/source/Paleocene) from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:[Eocene](/source/Eocene) from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:[Oligocene](/source/Oligocene) from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:[Miocene](/source/Miocene) from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:[Plio.](/source/Plio.) from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:[Pleist.](/source/Pleist.) from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:[H.](/source/Holocene) bar:eratop from: -66 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:[Paleogene](/source/Paleogene) from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:[Neogene](/source/Neogene) from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:[Q.](/source/Quaternary) PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left color:paleocene bar:NAM1 from: -66 till: -61.7 text: [Bathysoma](/source/Bathysoma) color:paleocene bar:NAM2 from: -58.7 till: -55.8 text: [Turkmene](/source/Turkmene) color:paleocene bar:NAM3 from: -58.7 till: -55.8 text: [Palaeocentrotus](/source/Palaeocentrotus) color:paleocene bar:NAM4 from: -58.7 till: -55.8 text: [Danatinia](/source/Danatinia) color:eocene bar:NAM5 from: -54 till: -50 text: [Whitephippus](/source/Whitephippus) color:eocene bar:NAM7 from: -48.6 till: -37.2 text: [Eolophotes](/source/Eolophotes) color:oligocene bar:NAM8 from: -33.9 till: -28.4 text: [Analectis](/source/Analectis) color:oligocene bar:NAM9 from: -33.9 till: 0 text: [Protolophotus](/source/Protolophotus) color:miocene bar:NAM10 from: -11.608 till: 0 text: [Lampris](/source/Lampris) PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:period from: -66 till: -55.8 color:paleocene text:[Paleocene](/source/Paleocene) from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:[Eocene](/source/Eocene) from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:[Oligocene](/source/Oligocene) from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:[Miocene](/source/Miocene) from: -5.332 till: -2.588 color:pliocene text:[Plio.](/source/Plio.) from: -2.588 till: -0.0117 color:pleistocene text:[Pleist.](/source/Pleist.) from: -0.0117 till: 0 color:holocene text:[H.](/source/Holocene) bar:era from: -66 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:[Paleogene](/source/Paleogene) from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:[Neogene](/source/Neogene) from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text:[Q.](/source/Quaternary) == Notes == {{Notelist}} == Citations == {{Reflist}} == References == {{Commons category}} * {{cite journal | last1 = Diogo | first1 = Rui | year = 2008 | title = On the cephalic and pectoral girdle muscles of the deep sea fish ''Alepocephalus rostratus'', with comments on the functional morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the Alepocephaloidei (Teleostei) | journal = [Anim. Biol.](/source/Animal_Biology_(journal)) | volume = 58 | issue = 1| pages = 23–29 | doi = 10.1163/157075608X303636 }} * [FishBase](/source/FishBase) (2000): [http://www.fishbase.org/Summary/OrdersSummary.cfm?order=Lampriformes Order Lampriformes]. Version of 2000-OCT-17. Retrieved 2009-SEP-30. * Glare, P.G.W. (ed.) (1968–1982): ''[Oxford Latin Dictionary](/source/Oxford_Latin_Dictionary)'' (1st ed.). Oxford University Press, Oxford. {{ISBN|0-19-864224-5}} * Nelson, Joseph S. (2006): ''[Fishes of the World](/source/Fishes_of_the_World)'' (4th ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. {{ISBN|0-471-25031-7}} * Olney, John E. (1998): Lampriformes. ''In:'' {{aut|Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N. (eds.)}}: ''Encyclopedia of Fishes'': 167–169. Academic Press, San Diego. {{ISBN|0-12-547665-5}} * {{cite journal|last=Sepkoski |first=Jack |title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera |journal=Bulletins of American Paleontology |volume=364 |page=560 |year=2002 |url=http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |access-date=2011-05-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723131237/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |archive-date=2011-07-23 }} * van der Laan, R., & Fricke, R. (eds.) (n.d.) ''Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Online Database''. California Academy of Sciences. https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification/ * Woodhouse, S.C. (1910): ''English-Greek Dictionary - A Vocabulary of the Attic Language''. George Routledge & Sons Ltd., Broadway House, Ludgate Hill, E.C. [https://www.lib.uchicago.edu/efts/Woodhouse/ Searchable JPEG fulltext] {{Actinopterygii}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q547507}} {{Authority control}} Category:Lampriformes Category:Articles which contain graphical timelines Category:Extant Campanian first appearances Category:Actinopterygii orders Category:Taxa named by Charles Tate Regan --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Lampriformes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampriformes) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lampriformes?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.