# Lalon > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Lalon > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Lalon.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalon > Source revision: 1356756414 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Short description|Bengali spiritual leader and philosopher (1772–1890)}} {{EngvarB|date=July 2015}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}} {{Infobox person | name = Lalon | native_name = লালন | native_name_lang = bn | honorific_prefix = [Fakir](/source/Fakir) | honorific_suffix = | image = Fakir Lalon Shah.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Portrait by [Jyotirindranath Tagore](/source/Jyotirindranath_Tagore) (1884) | birth_date = {{birth date text|1772}} | birth_place = [Jhenaidah District](/source/Jhenaidah_District), [Bengal Subah](/source/Bengal_Subah) | death_date = {{death date and age|1890|10|17|1772|df=y}} | death_place = [Kushtia](/source/Kushtia), [Bengal Presidency](/source/Bengal_Presidency), [British India](/source/British_Raj) | resting_place = [Mausoleum of Lalon Shah](/source/Mausoleum_of_Lalon_Shah), [Kumarkhali](/source/Kumarkhali_Upazila), [Kushtia](/source/Kushtia), [Bangladesh](/source/Bangladesh) | occupation = {{hlist|Spiritual leader|Philosopher|Mystic poet|Social reformer}} | spouse = }} '''Lalon''' ({{langx|bn|লালন}}; 1774 – 17 October 1890),{{cite book |last1=Basantakumar Pal |first1=Sri |editor-last1=Chowdhury |editor-first1=Abul Ahasan |title=Mahātmā Lālana Phakira |date=2012 |publisher=Gāṅacila |location=Kalakātā |isbn=9789381346280 |edition=1. Bhāratīẏa saṃskaraṇa. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ojRkMwEACAAJ |access-date=30 June 2015}} also known as '''Lalon Shah''', '''Lalon Fakir''' and '''Shahji''', was a [Bengali](/source/Bengalis) spiritual leader, philosopher, mystic poet and social reformer. Born in what is now [Khulna Division](/source/Khulna_Division) in [Bangladesh](/source/Bangladesh), Lalon is regarded as an icon of [Bengali culture](/source/Culture_of_Bengal), as he inspired and influenced many philosophers, poets and social thinkers including [Rabindranath Tagore](/source/Rabindranath_Tagore),{{cite book |last1=Caudhurī |first1=Ābadula Āhasāna |title=Lālana Śāha, 1774 – 1890 |date=1992 |publisher=Bāṃlā Ekāḍemī |location=Ḍhākā |isbn=978-9840725977 |edition=1. punarmudraṇa. |oclc=246442470}}{{cite book |last1=Urban |first1=Hugh B. |title=Songs of ecstasy tantric and devotional songs from colonial Bengal |year=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-19-513901-3 |page=18 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivG6mAEACAAJ |access-date=30 June 2015}}{{cite book |last1=Tagore |first1=Rabindranath |last2=K. Stewart |first2=Tony (Translation) |last3=Twichell |first3=Chase (Translation) |title=The lover of God |date=2003 |publisher=Consortium Book Sales & Dist. |location=Port Townsend, Wash. |isbn=978-1556591969 |page=94 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UrZjAAAAMAAJ}} [Kazi Nazrul Islam](/source/Kazi_Nazrul_Islam){{cite book |last1=Hossain |first1=Abu Ishahaq |title=Lalon Shah, the great poet |date=2009 |publisher=Palal Prokashoni |location=Dhaka |isbn=978-9846030679 |page=148 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=avyppwAACAAJ |access-date=30 June 2015}} and [Allen Ginsberg](/source/Allen_Ginsberg).{{cite journal |last1=Ginsberg |first1=Allen |last2=Foley |first2=Jack |date=Winter–Spring 1998 |title=Same Multiple Identity: An Interview with Allen Ginsberg |journal=Discourse |volume=20 |issue=1/2, The Silent Beat |pages=158–181 |issn=1522-5321 |jstor=41389881}} Lalon's philosophy of humanity rejects all distinctions of [caste](/source/Caste_system_in_India), [class](/source/Social_class), and [creed](/source/creed) and takes a stand against theological conflicts and [racism](/source/racism). It denies all worldly affairs in search of the soul and embodied the socially transformative role of sub-continental [Sufism](/source/Sufism) and [Bhakti](/source/Bhakti).{{cite book |last1=Ahmed |first1=Wakil |last2=Karim |first2=Anwarul |year=2012 |chapter=Lalon Shah |chapter-url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Lalon_Shah |editor1-last=Islam |editor1-first=Sirajul |editor1-link=Sirajul Islam |editor2-last=Jamal |editor2-first=Ahmed A. |title=Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |edition=Second |publisher=[Asiatic Society of Bangladesh](/source/Asiatic_Society_of_Bangladesh)}} Lalon founded the institute known as Lalon Akhra in Cheuriya, about {{convert|2|km}} from [Kushtia railway station](/source/Kushtia_railway_station) in southwestern Bangladesh. His disciples dwell mostly in Bangladesh and [Indian state](/source/Indian_state)s of [West Bengal](/source/West_Bengal), [Tripura](/source/Tripura) and [Assam](/source/Assam)’s [Barak Valley](/source/Barak_Valley). Every year on the occasion of his death anniversary, thousands of his disciples and followers assemble at Lalon Akhra and pay homage to him through celebration and discussion of his songs and philosophy for three days. In 2004, Lalon was ranked 12 in [BBC](/source/BBC)'s poll of the [Greatest Bengali of all time](/source/Greatest_Bengali_of_all_time).{{Cite news |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3623345.stm |title=Listeners name 'greatest Bengali' |date=14 April 2004 |access-date=11 January 2018 |language=en-GB}}{{Cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm |title=The Daily Star Web Edition Vol. 4 Num 313 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=11 January 2018 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011711/http://archive.thedailystar.net/2004/04/16/d4041601066.htm |url-status=dead }}{{Cite news |url=http://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041703001700.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225011708/https://www.thehindu.com/2004/04/17/stories/2004041703001700.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 December 2018 |work=[The Hindu](/source/The_Hindu) |title=International : Mujib, Tagore, Bose among 'greatest Bengalis of all time' |date=17 April 2004 |access-date=11 January 2018}} ==Biography== {{Quote box | quote = Everyone wonders, "What religion does Lalon belong to in this world?"
Lalon says, "What does religion look like?
I've never seen the true color of religion."
Some wear beads as necklace (Hindu rosaries),
others count beads as Tasbih (Muslim rosaries),
and so people say
they belong to a different religion.
But do you bear the sign of your religion
when you come (to this world) or when you leave (this world)? | source = — Lalon{{cite book |last=Lopez |first=Donald |title=Religions in India in Practice - "Baul Songs" |year=1995 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton, NJ |isbn=978-0-691-04324-1 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/religionsofindia00dona/page/187 187–208] |url=https://archive.org/details/religionsofindia00dona/page/187 |df=dmy-all |url-access=registration}} | align = left | width = 30% | fontsize = 100% | quoted = 1 }} [[File:Lalon Alias Bhola Shah Signature.jpg|thumbnail|Lalon's name as written, in a late 19th-century manuscript, by his disciple and scribe Bholai Shah, in unconventional [Bengali orthography](/source/Bengali_alphabet)]] There are few reliable sources for the details of Lalon's early life as he was reticent in revealing his past. Based on the newspapers and essays of the time, Lalon was born in Bharara village in [Kushtia District](/source/Kushtia_District) in a low-caste Hindu family. Lalon had no formal education.{{cite news |last=Tamanna Khan |date=29 October 2010 |title=Lalon Purity vs Popularity |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2010/10/05/cover.htm |newspaper=[The Daily Star](/source/The_Daily_Star_(Bangladesh)) |access-date=1 July 2015 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074038/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2010/10/05/cover.htm |url-status=dead }} Uwe Skoda places his birth to [Jhenaidah](/source/Jhenaidah), [Bengal Subah](/source/Bengal_Subah).{{cite book |author1=Uwe Skoda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6xtBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT165 |title=India and Its Visual Cultures: Community, Class and Gender in a Symbolic Landscape |author2=Birgit Lettmann |date=30 October 2017 |publisher=SAGE Publishing India |isbn=978-93-86446-69-5 |pages=165–}} [Sunil Gangopadhyay](/source/Sunil_Gangopadhyay) related in his book "Moner Manush" that Lalon, during a pilgrimage to the temple of [Jagannath](/source/Jagannath) with others of his native village, contracted [smallpox](/source/smallpox) and was abandoned by his companions on the banks of the [Kaliganga River](/source/Kaliganga_River).{{cite journal |last=Capwell |first=Charles |date=May 1988 |title=The popular expression of religious syncretism: the Bauls of Bengal as Apostles of Brotherhood |journal=Popular Music |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=123–132 |doi=10.1017/S0261143000002701|s2cid=162424600 }} Malam Shah and his wife Matijan, members of the weaver community in a Muslim-populated village, Cheuriya, found him faint and took him to their home to convalesce. While he was growing up, he found his mentor Siraj Sain, a [Baul saint](/source/Baul) of that village. Lalon lived within the [zamindar](/source/zamindar)i of the [Tagores](/source/Tagore_family) in [Kushtia](/source/Kushtia) and had visited the Tagore family.{{cite book |last=Banerji |first=Debashish |date=2015 |chapter=Tagore Through Portraits: An Intersubjective Picture Gallery |editor-last=Banerji |editor-first=Debashish |title=Rabindranath Tagore in the 21st Century |series=Sophia Studies in Cross-cultural Philosophy of Traditions and Cultures |volume=7 |publisher=Springer India |pages=243–264 |doi=10.1007/978-81-322-2038-1_17 |isbn=978-81-322-2037-4}} It is said that zamindar [Jyotirindranath Tagore](/source/Jyotirindranath_Tagore) sketched the only portrait of Lalon in 1889 in his houseboat on the [river Padma](/source/Padma_River).{{cite news |title=Fakir Lalon Shai ... 120 years on |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=158601 |newspaper=[The Daily Star](/source/The_Daily_Star_(Bangladesh)) |access-date=30 June 2015 |archive-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701015513/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=158601 |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |title=Interview: Bengali Film Actor Priyangshu Chatterjee |url=http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/93345911-interview-bengali-film-actor-priyangshu-chatterjee |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110924050711/http://www.washingtonbanglaradio.com/content/93345911-interview-bengali-film-actor-priyangshu-chatterjee |url-status=usurped |archive-date=24 September 2011 |website=Washington Bangla Radio USA |access-date=30 June 2015}} Lalon died at Chheuriya on 17 October 1890 aged 118. The news of his death was first published in the newspaper ''[Gram Barta Prokashika](/source/Gram_Barta_Prokashika)'', run by Kangal Harinath.{{cite news |title=Fakir Lalon Shai …123 years on |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/fakir-lalon-shai-123-years-on/ |access-date=30 June 2015 |archive-date=1 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701032616/http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/fakir-lalon-shai-123-years-on/ |url-status=dead }} Lalon was buried at the middle of his dwelling place known as his Akhra.{{cite news |title=Lalon memorial festival begins in Kushtia today |url=http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/2015/03/04/83498/print |newspaper=The Financial Express |location=Dhaka |access-date=30 June 2015}} Researchers note that Lalon was a close friend of [Kangal Harinath](/source/Kangal_Harinath), one of the contemporary social reformers and a disciple of Lalon.{{cite journal |last=Lorea |first=Carola Erika |date=2013 |title='Playing the Football of Love on the Field of the Body': The Contemporary Repertoire of Baul Songs |journal=Religion and the Arts |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=416–451 |issn=1568-5292 |doi=10.1163/15685292-12341286}} ==Philosophy== {{Quote box | quote = How does the Unknown bird go,
into the cage and out again,
Could I but seize it,
I would put the fetters of my heart,
around its feet.
The cage has eight rooms and nine closed doors;
From time to time fire flares out;.
Above there is a main room,
The mirror-chamber | source = — Lalon's song translated by Brother James | align = right | width = 20% | fontsize = 85% | quoted = 1 }} Lalon was against religious conflict and many of his songs mock identity politics that divide communities and generate violence.{{cite book |last1=L. Parshall |first1=Philip |title=Bridges to Islam A Christian Perspective on Folk Islam. |date=10 April 2007 |publisher=InterVarsity Press |isbn=978-0830856152 |page=89 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XAANsDJl2P8C |access-date=30 June 2015}} He even rejected nationalism at the apex of the anti-colonial nationalist movements in the [Indian subcontinent](/source/Indian_subcontinent).{{cite book |editor-last1=Muthukumaraswamy |editor-first1=M.D. |editor-last2=Kaushal |editor-first2=Molly |title=Folklore, public sphere, and civil society |date=1 January 2004 |publisher=[Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts](/source/Indira_Gandhi_National_Centre_for_the_Arts) |location=New Delhi |isbn=978-8190148146 |page=161 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xsrgg1Mel8UC |access-date=30 June 2015}} He did not believe in classes or [caste](/source/caste)s, the fragmented, hierarchical society and took a stand against racism.{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g6C5mVM08IoC |title=Food sovereignty and uncultivated biodiversity in South Asia essays on the poverty and the wealth of the social landscape |last1=Mazhar |first1=Farhad |last2=Buckles |first2=Daniel |date=1 January 2007 |publisher=Academic Foundation in association with International Development Research Centre |isbn=978-8171886142 |location=New Delhi |page=69 |author-link=Farhad Mazhar |access-date=30 June 2015}} Lalon does not fit the conventional “[mystical](/source/mystical)” or “spiritual” archetype who renounces worldly life in search of the soul; rather, he embodies the socially transformative spirit of subcontinental [Bhakti](/source/Bhakti) and [Sufism](/source/Sufism). He believed in the power of music to alter the intellectual and emotional state in order to be able to understand and appreciate life itself. The texts of his songs engage in philosophical discourses of Bengal, continuing Tantric traditions of the Indian subcontinent, particularly [Nepal](/source/Nepal), Bengal and the [Gangetic plains](/source/Gangetic_plains). He appropriated various philosophical positions emanating from [Hindu](/source/Hindu), [Jainist](/source/Jainism), [Buddhist](/source/Buddhist) and [Islamic](/source/Islamic) traditions, developing them into a coherent discourse without falling into eclecticism or syncretism. He explicitly identified himself with the Nadiya school, with [Advaita Acharya](/source/Advaita_Acharya), [Nityananda](/source/Nityananda) and [Chaitanya](/source/Chaitanya_Mahaprabhu). He was greatly influenced by the social movement initiated by Chaitanya against differences of caste, creed and religion. His songs reject any absolute standard of right and wrong and show the triviality of any attempt to divide people whether materially or spiritually. ==Works== Lalon composed numerous songs and poems, which describe his philosophy. It is estimated that Lalon composed about 2,000–10,000 songs, of which only about 800 songs are generally considered authentic.{{Cite book |title=Historical Dictionary of Bangladesh |last=Rahman |first=Syedur |publisher=Scarecrow Press |date=27 April 2010 |isbn=978-0810874534 |pages=179 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJfcCPUr0OoC}} Lalon left no written copies of his songs, which were transmitted orally and only later transcribed by his followers. Also, most of his followers could not read or write either, so few of his songs are found in written form.{{cite book |last1=Lalon |editor-last1=Āhamada |editor-first1=Oẏākila |title=Lālana gīti samagra |date=2002 |publisher=Baipatra |location=Ḍhākā |isbn=9789848116463 |page=12 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0-skAAAACAAJ |access-date=30 June 2015}} [Rabindranath Tagore](/source/Rabindranath_Tagore) published some of the Lalon song in the monthly ''[Prabasi](/source/Prabasi)'' magazine of Kolkata.{{cite book |last=Tofayell |first=Z. A. |date=1968 |title=Lalon Shah and lyrics of the Padma |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pzswAAAAMAAJ |publisher=Ziaunnahar |location=Dacca |page=144 |oclc=569538154 |access-date=30 June 2015}} Among his most popular songs are: * ''Shob Loke Koy Lalon Ki Jat Shongshare'', * ''Khachar Bhitor Ochin Pakhi kyamne ashe jaay'', * ''Jat Gelo Jat Gelo Bole'', * ''Dekhna Mon Jhokmariay Duniyadari'', * ''Pare Loye Jao Amai'', * ''Milon Hobe Koto Dine'', * ''Ar Amare Marishne Ma'', * ''Tin Pagoler Holo Mela'' * ''Dhonno Dhonno Boli Tare'' * ''Emon Manob Jonom Aar Ki Hobe'' The songs of Lalon aim at an indescribable reality beyond [realism](/source/Realism_(arts)). He was observant of social conditions and his songs spoke of day-to-day problems in simple yet moving language. His philosophy was expressed orally, as well as through songs and musical compositions using folk instruments that could be made from materials available at home; the [ektara](/source/ektara) (one-string musical instrument) and the [duggi (drum)](/source/duggi_(drum)). Songs of Lalon were mainly confined to the baul sects. After the independence of Bangladesh, they reached the urban people through established singers. Many of them started using instruments other than the [ektara](/source/ektara) and [baya](/source/Timpani). Some started using classical bases for a polished presentation to appeal to the senses of the urban masses. According to [Farida Parveen](/source/Farida_Parveen), a renowned Lalon singer, the pronunciation of the words were also refined in order to make their meanings clearer, whereas the bauls' pronunciations are likely to have local influence. ==Legacy and depictions in popular culture== thumb|Tomb of Lalon thumb|Disciples practicing Lalon's song at his Akhra In 1963, a [mausoleum](/source/Mausoleum_of_Lalon_Shah) and research centre were built at the site of his shrine in [Kushtia](/source/Kushtia), Bangladesh. Thousands of people come to the shrine (known in Bengali as an ''Akhra'') twice a year, at [Dol Purnima](/source/Dol_Purnima) in the month of [Falgun](/source/Falgun) (February to March) and in October, on the occasion of the anniversary of his death. During these three-day song [mela](/source/mela)s, people, particularly Muslim [fakir](/source/fakir)s and Bauls pay tribute. Among the modern singers of Baul music [Farida Parveen](/source/Farida_Parveen) and [Anusheh Anadil](/source/Anusheh_Anadil) are internationally known for singing Lalon songs. M Shahinoor Rahman's thesis ''Bengali poet Fakir Lalon Shah: Oral poetry and tradition in the social context of contemporary Bangladesh'' on his life philosophy is one of the basic work.{{Cite journal |last1=Amt |first1=Chowdhury |last2=Supratim |date=2021-10-02 |title=A Comparative Study to Identify the Impact of Fakir Lalon Shah's Ideology in Modern Vision Management Concept of the Organisation |url=https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3934797 |journal=[Social Science Research Network](/source/Social_Science_Research_Network) |language=en |location=Rochester, NY |pages=21 page |ssrn=3934797 |issn=2770-0003}} The [Lalon Shah Bridge](/source/Lalon_Shah_Bridge) crossing the [Padma River](/source/Padma_River) was named after him in 2004.{{cite web|title=Lalon Shah Bridge|url=http://structurae.net/en/structures/lalon-shah-bridge|work=Structurae|date=22 July 2014|accessdate=16 September 2021}} A male student's dormitory in [Islamic University, Bangladesh](/source/Islamic_University%2C_Bangladesh) at Kushtia is named after him as Lalon Shah Hall.{{cite web |title=Islamic University Bangladesh Official Website|url=https://www.iu.ac.bd/index.php/site/hall_dtls/300/38/MzAw|access-date=16 September 2021}} ===Film and literature=== Lalon has been portrayed in literature, film, television drama and in the theatre. The first [biopic](/source/biopic) of Lalon titled ''Lalon Fakir'' (1973) was directed by Syed Hasan Imam.{{cite web |title=Feature Film |url=http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Film,_Feature |website=Banglapedia - the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh |publisher=Asiatic Society, Dhaka |access-date=17 November 2016}} ''Lalan Fakir'', an Indian [Bengali](/source/Bengali_language)-language [biographical drama film](/source/Biographical-drama) directed by Shakti Chatterjee released in 1978 and starred Ashim Kumar as Lalon.{{Citation |title=Lalan Fakir |url=https://erosnow.com/movie/watch/1059348/lalan-fakir |work=[Eros Now](/source/Eros_Now) |language=en |access-date=5 May 2021}} [Allen Ginsberg](/source/Allen_Ginsberg) wrote a poem in 1992 named "''After Lalon''", where he warned people against the dangers of fame and the attachments to the worldly things.{{cite book |last1=Raskin |first1=Jonah |title=American Scream Allen Ginsberg's Howl and the Making of the Beat Generation. |date=7 April 2004 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley |isbn=978-0520939349 |page=[https://archive.org/details/americanscreamal0000rask/page/208 208] |url=https://archive.org/details/americanscreamal0000rask |url-access=registration |access-date=30 June 2015}} In 2004, [Tanvir Mokammel](/source/Tanvir_Mokammel) directed the film ''[Lalon](/source/Lalon_(film))'' in which [Raisul Islam Asad](/source/Raisul_Islam_Asad) portrayed Lalon.{{cite news |title=Tanvir Mokammel films screened in Morocco |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=95576 |newspaper=[The Daily Star](/source/The_Daily_Star_(Bangladesh)) |access-date=30 June 2015 |archive-date=30 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630205751/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=95576 |url-status=dead }} [Prosenjit Chatterjee](/source/Prosenjit_Chatterjee) portrayed Lalan in the ''[Moner Manush](/source/Moner_Manush)'', a 2010 Bengali film based on the life and philosophy of Lalon.{{cite news |last=Acharya |first=Anindita |date=3 March 2015 |title=Prosenjit Chatterjee starts an Indo-Bangladesh production |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/prosenjit-chatterjee-starts-an-indo-bangladesh-production/article1-1322554.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150306074909/http://www.hindustantimes.com/regional/prosenjit-chatterjee-starts-an-indo-bangladesh-production/article1-1322554.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 March 2015 |work=[Hindustan Times](/source/Hindustan_Times) |access-date=30 June 2015}} The film was an adaptation of [Sunil Gangopadhyay](/source/Sunil_Gangopadhyay)'s [biographical novel](/source/biographical_novel) of the same name. This film directed by [Goutam Ghose](/source/Goutam_Ghose), won award for the "best feature film on national integration" at the 58th [Indian National Film Awards](/source/Indian_National_Film_Awards).{{cite news |title=Moner Manush receives Indian National Film Award |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=201640 |newspaper=[The Daily Star](/source/The_Daily_Star_(Bangladesh)) |date=9 September 2011 |access-date=30 June 2015 |archive-date=30 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630202926/http://archive.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=201640 |url-status=dead }} It also won Best Film prize at the 41st [International Film Festival of India](/source/International_Film_Festival_of_India) held at Goa from 22 Nov to 2 December 2010.{{cite news |last=Singh |first=Shalini |date=2 December 2010 |title=''Moner Manush'' shines at IFFI |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/moner-manush-shines-at-iffi/story-AxQ3MDDv045VTu0LBXh2yM.html |newspaper=[The Hindustan Times](/source/The_Hindustan_Times) |access-date=30 June 2015}} ==Gallery== Image:Lalon Mazar, Kushtia, Bangladesh.JPG|Tomb of Lalon, [Kushtia District](/source/Kushtia_District) Image:Lalon Mazar by Saef 5.jpg|Lalon's disciples' grave Image:Lalon Mazar by Saef 9.jpg|Gate of the shrine of Lalon "Shainjir Ektara" a sculpture depicting Saint Lalon Shah.jpg|"Shainjir Ektara" a sculpture depicting Saint Lalon Shah A sculpture of Saint Lalon Shah.jpg|A sculpture of Lalon Shah at [Kushtia](/source/Kushtia) ==See also== * [Music of Bengal](/source/Music_of_Bengal) ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Further reading== * Salomon, Carol (2017) ''City of Mirrors: Songs of Lālan Sā̃i''. Edited by Keith Cantú and Saymon Zakaria. Oxford University Press, South Asia Research Series, New York. * Muhammad Enamul Haq (1975), ''A History of Sufism in Bangla'', Asiatic Society, Dhaka. * Qureshi, Mahmud Shah (1977), ''Poèmes Mystiques Bengalis''. Chants Bauls Unesco. Paris. * Siddiqi, Ashraf (1977), ''Our Folklore Our Heritage'', Dhaka. * Karim, Anwarul (1980), ''The Bauls of Bangladesh''. Lalon Academy, Kushtia. * Capwell, Charles (1986), ''The Music of the Bauls of Bengal''. Kent State University Press, USA 1986. * Bandyopadhyay, Pranab (1989), ''Bauls of Bengal''. Firma KLM Pvt, Ltd., calcutta. * Mcdaniel, June (1989), ''The Madness of the Saints''. Chicago. * Sarkar, R. M. (1990), ''Bauls of Bengal''. New Delhi. * Brahma, Tripti (1990), ''Lalon : His Melodies''. Calcutta. * Gupta, Samir Das (2000), ''Songs of Lalon''. Sahitya Prakash, Dhaka. * Karim, Anwarul (2001), ''Rabindranath O Banglar Baul'' (in Bengali), Dhaka. * [Choudhury, Abul Ahsan](/source/Abul_Ahsan_Chowdhury) (editor) (2008), ''Lalon Samagra'', Pathak Samabesh. ==External links== {{commons category|Lalon}} * [http://www.lalongeeti.com Lalon Geeti] {{authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lalon}} Category:1772 births Category:1890 deaths Category:Bengali musicians Category:Bengali male poets Category:Bengali philosophers Category:Bengali nationalists Category:Bhakti movement Category:Culture of Bangladesh Category:People from Kumarkhali Upazila Category:Writers from Kushtia District Category:Musicians from Kushtia District --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Lalon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalon) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lalon?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.