# Labrus

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> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labrus
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{{Short description|Genus of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Labrus mixtus, Mindlandet, Tjøtta, 18, NO imported from iNaturalist photo 403800737 (cropped).jpg
| image_caption = [Cuckoo wrasse](/source/Cuckoo_wrasse) (''L. mixtus'')
| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Eocene|Recent }}
| taxon = Labrus
| authority = [Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), [1758](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae)
| type_species = ''[Labrus mixtus](/source/Labrus_mixtus)''
| type_species_authority = [Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), [1758](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae)<ref name = CofFG>{{Cof record|genid=135|title=''Labrus''|access-date=14 January 2020}}</ref>
| synonyms = * ''Cicla'' <small>[Artedi](/source/Peter_Artedi), 1793</small>
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = Coffs>{{Cof family|family=Labridae|access-date=14 January 2020}}</ref>
}}

'''''Labrus''''' is a [genus](/source/genus) of [wrasse](/source/wrasse)s native to the eastern [Atlantic Ocean](/source/Atlantic_Ocean) into the [Mediterranean](/source/Mediterranean) and [Black](/source/Black_Sea) seas.<ref name=FishBase/>

== Biology ==
Like most wrasses, ''Labrus'' species are [protogynous](/source/Sequential_hermaphroditism), and can undergo sex change from female to male. The form of protogyny differs between species, e.g., ''[Labrus bergylta](/source/Ballan_wrasse)'' is monandric (all fish are born female but can develop into males), while ''[Labrus mixtus](/source/Cuckoo_wrasse)'' is diandric (individuals can be born either male or female, and females can develop into males).<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Dipper |first1=F. A. |last2=Pullin |first2=R. S. V. |date=1979 |title=Gonochorism and sex-inversion in British Labridae (Pisces) |url=https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1979.tb07716.x |journal=Journal of Zoology |language=en |volume=187 |issue=1 |pages=97–112 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-7998.1979.tb07716.x |issn=1469-7998|url-access=subscription }}</ref> ''L. mixtus'' is sexually dimorphic in colouration, while ''L. bergylta'' is not.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Villegas-Ríos |first1=David |last2=Alonso-Fernández |first2=Alexandre |last3=Domínguez-Petit |first3=Rosario |last4=Saborido-Rey |first4=Fran |date=2013 |title=Intraspecific variability in reproductive patterns in the temperate hermaphrodite fish, Labrus bergylta |url=http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=MF12362 |journal=Marine and Freshwater Research |language=en |volume=64 |issue=12 |pages=1156 |doi=10.1071/MF12362 |bibcode=2013MFRes..64.1156V |issn=1323-1650|url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref name=":0" />

==Species==
The four currently recognized species in this genus are:<ref name=FishBase>{{FishBase genus | genus = Labrus| month = August | year = 2013}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Species
!Common name
!Terminal phase
|-
|''[Labrus bergylta](/source/Labrus_bergylta)''
<small>[Ascanius](/source/Peter_Ascanius), 1767</small>
|Ballan wrasse
|frameless
|-
|''[Labrus merula](/source/Labrus_merula)''
<small>[Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), [1758](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae)</small>
|brown wrasse
|frameless
|-
|''[Labrus mixtus](/source/Labrus_mixtus)''
<small>[Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), [1758](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae)</small>
|cuckoo wrasse
|frameless
|-
|''[Labrus viridis](/source/Labrus_viridis)''
<small>[Linnaeus](/source/Carl_Linnaeus), [1758](/source/10th_edition_of_Systema_Naturae)</small>
|green wrasse
|frameless
|}

==Fossil record==
thumb|220px|left|Fossil of ''Labrus valenciennesii''

Fossils of ''Labrus'' are found from the [Eocene](/source/Eocene) to the [Quaternary](/source/Quaternary) (age range: from 55.8 to 0.781 million years ago.).  They are known from various localities of [France](/source/France), [Italy](/source/Italy) and the [United Kingdom](/source/United_Kingdom).<ref>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=36063 Paleobiology Database]</ref>

==References==
{{Commons category|Labrus}}
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2335933}}
{{Authority control}}

Category:Labrus
Category:Labridae
Category:Fauna of the Azores
Category:Fauna of Madeira
Category:Fish of the East Atlantic
Category:Marine fish of Europe
Category:Fish of the Mediterranean Sea
Category:Marine fish genera
Category:Animal taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
{{Labridae-stub}}

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Labrus](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labrus) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labrus?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.