# LRRC37A

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{{Short description|Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens}}
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'''Leucine rich repeat containing 37A''' is a [protein](/source/protein) in humans that is encoded by the ''LRRC37A'' [gene](/source/gene).<ref name="entrez">{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: Leucine rich repeat containing 37A | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&list_uids=9884 | access-date = 2012-07-24 <!-- T20:09:08.608098-08:00 -->  }}</ref>

The LRRC37 gene family has been expanded in the [genome](/source/genome) of the simians through [segmental duplication](/source/segmental_duplication)s leading to new genes in [simian](/source/simian), [hominid](/source/Hominidae) and [human](/source/human) species. Most of these new genes belong to the ancestral LRRC37A-type.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Giannuzzi |first1=Giuliana |last2=Siswara |first2=Priscillia |last3=Malig |first3=Maika |last4=Marques-Bonet |first4=Tomas |last5=Program |first5=NISC Comparative Sequencing |last6=Mullikin |first6=James C. |last7=Ventura |first7=Mario |last8=Eichler |first8=Evan E. |date=2013-01-01 |title=Evolutionary dynamism of the primate LRRC37 gene family |journal=Genome Research |language=en |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=46–59 |doi=10.1101/gr.138842.112 |issn=1088-9051 |pmid=23064749|doi-access=free |pmc=3530683 }}</ref>  The [human genome](/source/human_genome)s contains at least 4 encoding gene [paralogs](/source/paralogs) with 3 of the ancestral type: LRRC37A, LRRC37A2, LRRC37A3 and a new type of receptor shared between hominid species: LRRC37B.<ref name=":0" /> 

In the human [cerebral cortex](/source/cerebral_cortex), LRRC37B is selectively expressed in [pyramidal neurons](/source/Pyramidal_cell) at the level of the [axon initial segment](/source/Axon), which is not found in other [nonhuman primate](/source/nonhuman_primate) species (chimpanzees, macaques). It decreases there the [excitability](/source/Cell_excitability) of the neurons, a feature specific to the human species compared to other mammalian species. It acts by binding to secreted [FGF13A](/source/FGF13) and [SCN1B](/source/SCN1B) which leads to an inhibition of the [voltage-gate sodium channels](/source/Voltage_gated_sodium_channels) which generate the [action potential](/source/action_potential)s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Libé-Philippot |first1=Baptiste |last2=Lejeune |first2=Amélie |last3=Wierda |first3=Keimpe |last4=Louros |first4=Nikolaos |last5=Erkol |first5=Emir |last6=Vlaeminck |first6=Ine |last7=Beckers |first7=Sofie |last8=Gaspariunaite |first8=Vaiva |last9=Bilheu |first9=Angéline |last10=Konstantoulea |first10=Katerina |last11=Nyitrai |first11=Hajnalka |last12=De Vleeschouwer |first12=Matthias |last13=Vennekens |first13=Kristel M. |last14=Vidal |first14=Niels |last15=Bird |first15=Thomas W. |date=December 2023 |title=LRRC37B is a human modifier of voltage-gated sodium channels and axon excitability in cortical neurons |journal=Cell |volume=186 |issue=26 |pages=5766–5783.e25 |doi=10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.028 |issn=0092-8674|doi-access=free |pmid=38134874 |pmc=10754148 }}</ref>

== References ==
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== Further reading ==
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* {{cite journal | vauthors = Jin H, Selfe J, Whitehouse C, Morris JR, Solomon E, Roberts RG | title = Structural evolution of the BRCA1 genomic region in primates | journal = Genomics | volume = 84 | issue = 6 | pages = 1071–82 | date = Dec 2004 | pmid = 15533724 | doi = 10.1016/j.ygeno.2004.08.019 }}
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [LRRC37A](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LRRC37A) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LRRC37A?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.