# LP 890-9

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Red dwarf star with Earth-like planet

LP 890-9 Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 Constellation Eridanus[1] Right ascension 04h 16m 31.16176s[2] Declination −28° 18′ 52.9543″[2] Apparent magnitude (V) 18.0±0.2[3] Characteristics Evolutionary stage Main sequence[3] Spectral type M6V[4] Apparent magnitude (V) 18.0±0.2[3] Apparent magnitude (G) 15.791±0.003[2] Apparent magnitude (J) 12.258±0.023[3] Apparent magnitude (H) 11.692±0.025[3] Apparent magnitude (K) 11.344±0.023[3] Astrometry Radial velocity (Rv) 28.84±2.84[2] km/s Proper motion (μ) RA: 218.569 mas/yr[2] Dec.: −251.145 mas/yr[2] Parallax (π) 30.9326±0.0418 mas[2] Distance 105.4 ± 0.1 ly (32.33 ± 0.04 pc) Absolute magnitude (MV) 15.45±0.2[note 1] Details[3] Mass 0.118±0.002 M☉ Radius 0.1532+0.0048 −0.0024 R☉ Luminosity (bolometric) 0.001438±0.000037 L☉ Surface gravity (log g) 5.139+0.013 −0.028 cgs Temperature 2871+32 −45 K Metallicity [Fe/H] −0.028±0.089 dex Age 7.2+2.2 −3.1 Gyr Other designations SPECULOOS-2, LP 890-9, NLTT 12925, TOI-4306, TIC 44898913, 2MASS J04163114-2818526, WISEA J041631.33-281855.5[5] Database references SIMBAD data Exoplanet Archive data

**LP 890-9**, also known as **SPECULOOS-2** or **TOI-4306**, is a high proper motion [red dwarf](/source/Red_dwarf) star located 105 [light-years](/source/Light-year) (32 [pc](/source/Parsec)) away from the [Solar System](/source/Solar_System) in the constellation of [Eridanus](/source/Eridanus_(constellation)). The star has 12% the mass and 15% the radius of the [Sun](/source/Sun), and a temperature of 2,871 [K](/source/Kelvin) (2,598 [°C](/source/Celsius); 4,708 [°F](/source/Fahrenheit)). It is extremely faint and, with an [apparent magnitude](/source/Apparent_magnitude) of 18, is the faintest star with exoplanets discovered by the [Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite](/source/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite).[6]

## Planetary system

In 2022, two [exoplanets](/source/Exoplanet) were discovered in orbit around this star. The first planet, LP 890-9 b, was initially identified using [TESS](/source/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite). Further observations using [SPECULOOS](/source/SPECULOOS) confirmed this planet and discovered a second planet, LP 890-9 c. Both planets are likely [terrestrial planets](/source/Terrestrial_planet), somewhat larger than Earth. The outer planet LP 890-9 c orbits within the [habitable zone](/source/Habitable_zone), and is a favorable target for atmospheric characterization using [JWST](/source/James_Webb_Space_Telescope).[3][7]

LP 890-9 c orbits near the inner edge of the conservative habitable zone, and models differ as to whether the planet is more likely to resemble [Earth](/source/Earth) or [Venus](/source/Venus). Spectra from JWST should make it possible to distinguish between these two scenarios.[4] The planet is [tidally locked](/source/Tidally_locked) to its host, meaning it has no [day-night cycle](/source/Day-night_cycle) like Earth.[8] While the planet's location in the [habitable zone](/source/Habitable_zone) suggests a strong possibility of an Earth-like atmosphere and climate, the planet's large size may count against its habitability. In addition, the planet is close enough to its star that the powerful [radiation](/source/Radiation) may reduce its chances of habitability.[9] Another challenge for the potential habitability of LP 890-9 c is the magma ocean that would have formed during its infancy, which may have lasted for up to 50 million years. This could have removed eight Earth oceans’ worth of [water](/source/Water) and left 2000 bars of [oxygen](/source/Oxygen) in its atmosphere, although if its initial [hydrogen](/source/Hydrogen) envelope had 0.1 Earth masses, no water would have been lost. Furthermore, the circulation of the planets orbit would take about 7 billion years, producing hundreds of terawatts of [tidal heating](/source/Tidal_heating).[10]

The habitability of LP 890-9 c depends heavily on the initial [volatile](/source/Volatile_(astrogeology)) content and properties and the planet is unlikely to support [life](/source/Life).[10]

The LP 890-9 planetary system[3] Companion (in order from star) Mass Semimajor axis (AU) Orbital period (days) Eccentricity Inclination (°) Radius b <13.2 M🜨 0.01875±0.00010 2.7299025+0.0000034 −0.0000040 — 89.67+0.22 −0.33 1.320+0.053 −0.027 R🜨 c <25.3 M🜨 0.03984±0.00022 8.457463±0.000024 — 89.287+0.026 −0.047 1.367+0.055 −0.039 R🜨

## See also

- [Proxima Centauri](/source/Proxima_Centauri) - Closest [star](/source/Star) to the [Sun](/source/Sun), a [red dwarf](/source/Red_dwarf) that hosts terrestrial planets with one inside the habitable zone

- [Teegarden's Star](/source/Teegarden's_Star) - A nearby red dwarf in the constellation of [Aries](/source/Aries_(constellation)) with two known terrestrial planets in the habitable zone

- [TRAPPIST-1](/source/TRAPPIST-1) - An ultra-cool red dwarf in the constellation of [Aquarius](/source/Aquarius_(constellation))

- [Wolf 359](/source/Wolf_359) - A planet-hosting nearby ultra-cool red dwarf in the [Leo](/source/Leo_(constellation)) constellation

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-absmag_5-0)** The [absolute magnitude](/source/Absolute_magnitude) MV of the star can be calculated from its apparent magnitude mV and distance d using the following equation: M V = m V − 5 log 10 ⁡ ( d 10 p a r s e c s ) {\displaystyle \scriptstyle M_{V}=m_{V}-5\log _{10}\left({\frac {d}{10\mathrm {\ parsecs} }}\right)}

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [Roman, Nancy G.](/source/Nancy_Roman) (1987). ["Identification of a constellation from a position"](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F132034). *[Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific](/source/Publications_of_the_Astronomical_Society_of_the_Pacific)*. **99** (617): 695. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1987PASP...99..695R](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987PASP...99..695R). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1086/132034](https://doi.org/10.1086%2F132034). [Constellation record for this object](https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-4?source=VI%2F42%2Fout&%2F%2Ftables=VI%2F42%2Fout&-c=LP+890-9&-c.eq=J2000&-c.r=++2&-c.u=arcmin&-c.geom=r&-source=&-source=VI%2F42%2Fout&-out=RA1875&-out=DE1875&-out=Cst) at [VizieR](/source/VizieR).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR3_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR3_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR3_2-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR3_2-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR3_2-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-GaiaDR3_2-5) Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). ["*Gaia* Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties"](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202243940). *Astronomy and Astrophysics*. **674**: A1. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2208.00211](https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.00211). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2023A&A...674A...1G](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023A&A...674A...1G). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202243940](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202243940). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [244398875](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:244398875). [Gaia DR3 record for this source](https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-4?-source=+I%2F355&-from=nav&-nav=cat%3AI%2F355%26tab%3A%7BI%2F355%2Fgaiadr3%7D%26key%3Asource%3D1355%2Fgaiadr3%26HTTPPRM%3A%26-out.add%3D.%26Source%3D%3D%3D4886243456388510720%26-go+%25%23Sesame%23%25%26) at [VizieR](/source/VizieR).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Delrez2022_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Delrez2022_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Delrez2022_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Delrez2022_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Delrez2022_3-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Delrez2022_3-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Delrez2022_3-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-Delrez2022_3-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-Delrez2022_3-8) Delrez, L.; Murray, C. A.; et al. (September 2022). "Two temperate super-Earths transiting a nearby late-type M dwarf". *[Astronomy & Astrophysics](/source/Astronomy_%26_Astrophysics)*. **667**: A59. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2209.02831](https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.02831). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2022A&A...667A..59D](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022A&A...667A..59D). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1051/0004-6361/202244041](https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F202244041). [S2CID](/source/S2CID_(identifier)) [252110654](https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252110654).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Kaltenegger2022_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Kaltenegger2022_4-1) Kaltenegger, L.; Payne, R. C.; et al. (September 2023). ["Hot Earth or Young Venus? A nearby transiting rocky planet mystery"](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnrasl%2Fslad064). *Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters*. **524** (1): L10–L14. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2209.03105](https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.03105). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2023MNRAS.524L..10K](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023MNRAS.524L..10K). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1093/mnrasl/slad064](https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnrasl%2Fslad064).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-SIMBAD_6-0)** ["LP 890-9"](http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=LP+890-9). *[SIMBAD](/source/SIMBAD)*. [Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg](/source/Centre_de_donn%C3%A9es_astronomiques_de_Strasbourg). Retrieved 7 September 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Planetary Systems"](https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/TblView/nph-tblView?app=ExoTbls&config=PS&constraint=default_flag=1&constraint=disc_facility+like+%27%25TESS%25%27). *exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu*. Retrieved 2024-02-18.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-ULiège_8-0)** ["SPECULOOS discovers a potentially habitable super-Earth"](https://www.news.uliege.be/cms/c_16795199/en/speculoos-discovers-a-potentially-habitable-super-earth). [University of Liège](/source/University_of_Li%C3%A8ge). 7 September 2022. Retrieved 7 September 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Two potentially habitable super-Earth planets have been discovered"](https://www.newscientist.com/article/2337024-two-potentially-habitable-super-earth-planets-have-been-discovered/). *New Scientist*. 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Astronomers spot 2 intriguing alien worlds around ultracool star"](https://www.space.com/exoplanet-discovery-around-ultracool-dwarf-star). *Space.com*. 7 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-:0_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-:0_11-1) Barnes, Rory; Amaral, Laura N. R. do; Birky, Jessica; Carone, Ludmila; Driscoll, Peter; Livesey, Joseph R.; Graham, David; Becker, Juliette; Cui, Kaiming; Schlecker, Martin; Garcia, Rodolfo; Gialluca, Megan; Adams, Arthur; Ahmed, MD Redyan; Bonney, Paul (2025-01-30). ["History and Habitability of the LP 890-9 Planetary System"](https://doi.org/10.3847%2FPSJ%2Fad94dc). *The Planetary Science Journal*. **6** (1): 25. [arXiv](/source/ArXiv_(identifier)):[2412.02743](https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.02743). [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2025PSJ.....6...25B](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2025PSJ.....6...25B). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.3847/PSJ/ad94dc](https://doi.org/10.3847%2FPSJ%2Fad94dc). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [2632-3338](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2632-3338).

v t e Constellation of Eridanus CMB cold spot Eridanus in Chinese astronomy List of stars in Eridanus Stars Bayer α (Achernar) β (Cursa) γ (Zaurak) δ (Rana) ε (Ran) ζ (Zibal) η (Azha) θ1 (Acamar) θ2 ι κ λ μ ν ξ ο1 (Beid) ο2 (40, Keid) π ρ1 ρ2 ρ3 τ1 τ2 (Angetenar) τ3 τ4 τ5 τ6 τ7 τ8 τ9 υ1 υ2 (Theemin) υ3 (Beemim) υ4 φ χ ψ ω d e (82 G.) f h i p Flamsteed 14 15 17 (v) 32 (w) 39 (A) 45 51 (c) 53 (Sceptrum) 54 58 62 (b) 64 66 Variable DO DZ EF EK EP KT HR 506 (q1) 520 (q2) 789 (s) 859 968 1106 (y) 1195 (g) 1483 1536 1614 HD 11343 18742 (Ayeyarwady) 19467 20722 28185 30562 30856 (Mouhoun) 30963 Other 2MASS J0249−0557 2MASS J04151954−0935066 DENIS 0255−4700 Gliese 86 Gliese 180 GJ 1062 GJ 2030 GJ 3293 GJ 3305 GJ 3323 HIP 12961 (Koeia) LP 890-9 LTT 1445 Mothra NLTT 12758 TIC 168789840 WASP-35 WASP-50 (Chaophraya) WASP-78 WISE J0336−0143 WISEA J044634.16-262756.1 ZTF J0328−1219 Exoplanets 51 Eridani b ε Eridani b (AEgir) Gliese 86 b HD 10647 b HD 18742 b (Bagan) HD 28185 b HD 30562 b HD 30856 Ab (Nakanbé) WASP-22b (Koyopaʼ) WASP-79b (Pollera) Nebulae NGC 1535 Galaxies NGC 685 782 852 939 979 1084 1100 1110 1125 1132 1140 1154 1155 1157 1158 1162 1163 1172 1187 1189 1190 1191 1192 1199 1222 1232 1234 1241 1253 1258 1262 1266 1285 1291 1300 1309 1320 1325 1332 1337 1345 1347 1353 1357 1358 1369 1376 1386 1395 1400 1403 1404 1407 1419 1421 1426 1427A 1436 1439 1452 1460 1482 1484 1487 1531 1532 1537 1592 1600 1614 1620 1637 1643 1667 1692 1700 1721 1723 1725 1728 1741 Other Abell 402 BCG Abell 521 BCG Arp 187 Arp-Madore 417-391 Eridanus II ESO 0313−192 ESO 198-13 HE 0435−1223 IC 1953 IC 2006 LEDA 74886 MCG-02-12-039 MRC 0406−244 NRAO 190 PKS 0208−512 PKS 0405−385 PKS 0420−014 PKS 0442−28 QSO J0313−1806 UGC 2812 W0410−0913 Galaxy clusters Abell 383 Eridanus Cluster Eridanus Group MACS J0416.1−2403 Astronomical events AT 2019qiz GRB 080913 GW170814 SN 1999em SN 2007on SN 2025pht Category

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [LP 890-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LP_890-9) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LP_890-9?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.