# Kumarsain

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Town in Himachal Pradesh, India

Town in Himachal Pradesh, India

Kumarsain Town Clockwise from top: View of Kumarsain town from a nearby village, St. Mary's Church at Kotgarh village, View of Dhauladhar mountain range from Kumarsain, Koteshwar Mahadev Temple at Mandholi village, A meadow on the way to Derthu Mata Temple, Tani Jubbar Lake Kumarsain Location in Himachal Pradesh, India Show map of Himachal Pradesh Kumarsain Kumarsain (India) Show map of India Coordinates: 31°19′05″N 77°26′46″E / 31.318145°N 77.446189°E / 31.318145; 77.446189 Country India State Himachal Pradesh District Shimla Elevation 1,762 m (5,781 ft) Population (2011) • Total 5,461 • Density 2,711/km2 (7,020/sq mi) Languages • Official Hindi • Regional Mahasu Pahari (Shodochi)[1] Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST) PIN 172029 Vehicle registration HP-95

**Kumarsain** (English: [/kumærsæɪn/](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English); Hindi: [\[kʊmaɾsain\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu) [ⓘ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kumarsain_Pronunciation.wav)), also known as **Kumharsain**, is a town in [Shimla District](/source/Shimla_District) in the [Indian state](/source/States_and_territories_of_India) of [Himachal Pradesh](/source/Himachal_Pradesh). Formerly under the [British Raj](/source/British_Raj), it was the capital of [princely state](/source/Princely_state) of Kumharsain, which was one of the several states of the [Punjab States Agency](/source/Punjab_States_Agency).[2] It is about 80 km from [Shimla](/source/Shimla) and famous for [apple](/source/Apple) and [cherry](/source/Cherry) [orchards](/source/Orchard).[3]

Kumarsain was founded in the [11th century](/source/11th_century) A.D. as the capital of Kumharsain State. It was occupied by [Nepal](/source/Nepal) from 1803 to 1816, and by [British India](/source/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India) from 1839 to 1840.[4] Kumarsain lies 1 km beside [National Highway 5](/source/National_Highway_5_(India)) from Bharara village, which is 20 km from [Narkanda](/source/Narkanda) towards [Rampur Bushahr](/source/Rampur_Bushahr).

## Geography

**Jogini Temple, Mandholi, Kumarsain**

Kumarsain is located at [31°19′05″N 77°26′46″E / 31.318145°N 77.446189°E / 31.318145; 77.446189](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Kumarsain&params=31.318145_N_77.446189_E_) and has an average elevation of 1,675 metres (5,495 ft). It is situated above the [Satluj](/source/Satluj) river in the North-West [Himalayas](/source/Himalayas), about 80 km from [Shimla](/source/Shimla) towards interior ranges. Kumarsain has many villages within its boundary namely Mateyog, Damali, Lathi, Bharara, Bai and Dethal.

Scenic view after sunset as seen from Kumarsain

Kumarsain during Snowfall

Tourist attractions around Kumarsain include [Narkanda](/source/Narkanda), [Kotgarh](/source/Kotgarh)-Thanedhar, [Hatu Peak](/source/Hatu_peak), Tani Jubbar Lake, Derthu Mata Temple

[Himalayan cedar](/source/Cedrus_deodara) forest around Kumarsain

## Government

Kumarsain was a [Constituency](/source/Constituency) of [Himachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly](/source/Himachal_Pradesh_Legislative_Assembly) and had a separate election seat until 2008 [delimitation](/source/Delimitation_Commission_of_India), when it was merged with [Theog Assembly constituency](/source/Theog_(Himachal_Pradesh_Assembly_constituency)). Veteran Congress Minister [Vidya Stokes](/source/Vidya_Stokes) was elected 2 times as [MLA](/source/Member_of_Legislative_Assembly_(India)) in 2003 [5] and 2007 [6] from [Kumarsain Assembly Constituency](/source/Kumarsain_(Vidhan_Sabha_constituency)). Kumarsain is a [tehsil](/source/Tehsil)[7] as well as a [sub-division](/source/Subdivision_(India)) and comes under Narkanda [Block](/source/Community_development_blocks_in_India).[8]

## Demographics

As of 2011 India [census](/source/Census),[9] Kumarsain had a population of 5,461. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Kumarsain has an average literacy rate of 97.8%, much higher than the national average of 74.04% male literacy is 97%, and female literacy is 89%. In Kumarsain 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

## History

Kirat Singh, also known as Kirti Singh (later Rana Kirat Chand), who was an office holder and Jagirdar at the court of Raja Narayan Pal of [Gaya](/source/Gaya%2C_India) in [Bihar](/source/Bihar), founded Kumharsain State in the [11th century](/source/11th_century) AD. He along with his two brothers (Kartar Singh and Prithvi Singh) was driven away from [Gaya](/source/Gaya%2C_India), by the fear of [Mahmud Ghaznavi](/source/Mahmud_of_Ghazni) and settled around Kumharsain. They conquered the country from a local chief named Bhambu Rai of Delath.[10] Later on Kirat Singh gave a tract called Karangla to his brother Kartar Singh. Descendants of Kartar Singh founded the states of Khaneti and [Kotkhai](/source/Kotkhai). The younger brother, Prithvi Singh, established his independent state at Delath. Since the [15th century](/source/15th_century), Kumharsain was a feudatory of [Bushahr State](/source/Bashahr), but was declared independent after the expulsion of the [Gurkhas](/source/Gurkhas) in 1815, by a *sanad* dated February 1816, but at the same time lost its own tributary states of Bharauli, Balsan and Madhan. The Rana maintains a military force of 45 infantry and 1 gun (as of 1892).[11] Kumharsain State was ranked 6th in [Order of precedence](/source/Order_of_precedence) in the [Shimla Hill States](/source/Hill_States_of_India) and 11th amongst the [Punjab Hill States](/source/Punjab_Hill_States).[12][13][14]

Kumarsain State Symbol

Watercolour painting of Rana's house at Kumharsain by [Baden Henry Powell](/source/Baden_Henry_Powell), c.1872

Kumarsain's famous **Hira Mahal** (named after the 56th Rana of Kumharsain, "*Hira Singh*"), which served as the home to the Ranas of this princely state, was burnt because of an accidental fire that took place in the mahal on 25 December 2007.[15]

Hira Mahal in 2005

Rajgaddi Bhawan of Kumarsain Royal Household

Also the first American apple tree grown in India was at [Kotgarh](/source/Kotgarh) (a village in Kumharsain tehsil), which was planted by an American immigrant [Satyanand Stokes](/source/Satyanand_Stokes) in 1916.[16]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Language and dialect of Himachal Pradesh"](https://tlhjournal.com/uploads/products/35.shradha-shandil-article.pdf?utm_) (PDF). *Literary Herald*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Hutchison, John; Vogel, Jean Philippe (1994). [*John Hutchison and JP Vogel, History of Punjab Hill States Lahore 1933*](https://books.google.com/books?id=3btDw4S2FmYC). Asian Educational Services. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788120609426](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788120609426).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Apple and Cherry cultivation in Himachal Pradesh"](https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/chandigarh-news/unusually-warm-weather-takes-toll-on-cherry-crop-in-himachal-101650664291080.html).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Indian states before 1947 K-W"](https://www.rulers.org/indstat2.html). *www.rulers.org*. Retrieved 25 August 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Himachal Pradesh legislative assembly election, 2003"](http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/statisticalreports/SE_Feb_2003/StatReport2003_HP.pdf) (PDF). Retrieved 25 October 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Himachal Pradesh legislative assembly election, 2007"](https://web.archive.org/web/20160304031932/http://www.shimlatimes.in/2012/11/results-of-hp-state-assembly-elections_6.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.shimlatimes.in/2012/11/results-of-hp-state-assembly-elections_6.html) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2013.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Tehsils in Shimla District"](https://hpshimla.nic.in/tehsil/).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Subdivisions & Blocks in Shimla District"](http://hpshimla.nic.in/subdivision-blocks).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Census of India 2011: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999). Census Commission of India. Archived from [the original](http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999) on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Singh, Mian Goverdhan (1999). [*Wooden Temples of Himachal Pradesh*](https://books.google.com/books?id=QgZFhkVINvkC&q=karangla&pg=PA48). Indus. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788173870941](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788173870941).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Kumharsain (Princely State)"](http://www.indianrajputs.com/view/kumharsain). 1755.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** Brentnall, Mark (2004). [*The Princely and Noble Families of the Former Indian Empire: Himachal Pradesh*](https://books.google.com/books?id=ayYbAvECXQwC&q=Kumharsain&pg=PA225). Indus. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788173871634](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788173871634).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Verma, V. (1995). [*The Emergence of Himachal Pradesh: A Survey of Constitutional Developments*](https://books.google.com/books?id=QpWloqN5LTAC&q=order+of+precedence+in+shimla+hill+states&pg=PA53). Indus. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [9788173870354](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788173870354).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["British Library (Online Gallery)"](http://www.bl.uk/onlinegallery/onlineex/apac/other/019wdz000002375u00000000.html).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["300 years old palace in HP reduced to ashes"](https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/300-yr-old-palace-in-hp-reduced-to-ashes/story-CoZYVHHlxAwHGFHj92sVVJ.html).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** ["Kotgarh "The apple bowl of India""](https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/others/himachal-farmers-want-stokes-birthday-memorialised-as-apple-day-101629123508883.html).

## External links

- [Kumarsain on Google Maps](https://maps.google.co.in/maps?q=map+Kumarsain&ie=UTF-8&hq=&hnear=0x390585bba826eceb:0x798d4a66798efe44,Kumarsain,+Himachal+Pradesh&gl=in&ei=IUaaUNmjIZHb4QTo84CoDQ&ved=0CCEQ8gEwAA)

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