# KuMoHa 12

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Japanese train type

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KuMoHa 12 KuMoHa 12052 on an Ōkawa Branch Line service, circa December 1990 In service 1933–2002 Refurbished 1933,1950,1958,1960, 1987 Number built 27 vehicles (all converted from other train types) Number in service none Number preserved 1 vehicle Operators JGR (1933–1949) JNR (1949–1987) JR East (1987–1996) JR Central (1987–2002) Line served Various Specifications Car body construction Steel Car length 17,000 mm (55 ft 9 in) Doors 3 per side Traction system Resistor control Traction motors MT15 Transmission Camshaft Current collection overhead catenary Track gauge 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

The **KuMoHa 12** (クモハ12形) was a class of [electric multiple unit](/source/Electric_multiple_unit) (EMU) [railroad cars](/source/Railroad_car) formerly used by the [Japanese National Railways](/source/Japanese_National_Railways) (JNR). These are EMU [power cars](/source/Power_car) of 17-meter (56 ft) length with a driver's cab at each end, three passenger doors on each side, and lengthwise bench-type passenger seating. The cars themselves were built in the later 1920s and 1930s for JNR's predecessor, the [Japanese Government Railways](/source/Japanese_Government_Railways) (JGR), but the class, originally named **MoHa 12** (モハ12形), was established on 1 June 1953 by a JNR revision of its rolling stock classification regulations. In June 1959, a new JNR classification revision assigned the code *KuMo* (クモ) to all cab-equipped power cars, giving the KuMoHa 12 class its present name.

When the MoHa 12 class was formed in 1953, it consisted of 13 cars of the old JGR dual-cab [**MoHa 34**](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=33_series&action=edit&redlink=1) [[jp](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%89%8433%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A)] class. Over time, additional cars were added by remodeling related old JGR classes, for an eventual total of 33 cars.

## List of cars

The various KuMoHa 12 cars have the following origins:

- **12000–12003** - Built in 1933 as dual-cab MoHa 34 cars.

- **12010–12018** - Built in 1929-1930 as single-cab [MoHa 31](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=31_series&action=edit&redlink=1) [[jp](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%89%8431%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A#モハ31形)] cars, then remodeled in 1950–1951 with dual cabs as MoHa 34 cars.

- **12019–12027** - Built in 1929-1931 as single-cab MoHa 31 cars and reclassified in 1953 as [MoHa 11](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KuMoHa_11&action=edit&redlink=1) [[jp](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%89%84%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8F11%E5%BD%A2%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A)] series 200. Remodeled in 1958 as dual-cab MoHa 12 cars.

- **12030–12032** - Built in 1939-1941 as single-cab [MoHa 50](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JNR_50_series&action=edit&redlink=1) [[jp](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%89%8450%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A#モハ50形)] cars and reclassified in 1953 as MoHa 11 series 400. Remodeled in 1958 as dual-cab MoHa 12 cars.

- **12040** - Built in 1926 as a single-cab [MoHa 30](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=30_series&action=edit&redlink=1) [[jp](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%89%8430%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A#モハ30形)] car and reclassified in 1953 as a MoHa 11 series 100. Remodeled in 1960 as a dual-cab KuMoHa 12 car.

- **12041** - Built in 1927 as a single-cab MoHa 30, remodeled in 1953 as a cabless [MoHa 10](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=30_series&action=edit&redlink=1) [[jp](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%89%8430%E7%B3%BB%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A#モハ10形)], and remodeled again in 1964 as [KuMoYa 22](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KuMoYa_22&action=edit&redlink=1) [[jp](https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%89%84%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A2%E3%83%A422%E5%BD%A2%E9%9B%BB%E8%BB%8A)] tractor car 22112. Converted in 1987 to a KuMoHa 12 for special-event passenger service by [JR Central](/source/JR_Central) on the [Iida Line](/source/Iida_Line).[1] This car has been exhibited at the [SCMaglev and Railway Park](/source/SCMaglev_and_Railway_Park) since March 2011.[2]

- **12050–12055** - Built in 1929-1931 as single-cab MoHa 31 cars and reclassified in 1953 as MoHa 11 series 200. Remodeled in 1959 as dual-cab KuMoHa 12 cars.[1] Later operated by JR East on the [Tsurumi Line](/source/Tsurumi_Line) ([Ōkawa](/source/%C5%8Ckawa_Station) Branch Line). The last car was withdrawn in 1996.

		- KuMoHa 12041 used by JR Central as a special-event car on the Iida Line

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-neko1993_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-neko1993_1-1) *JR全車輛ハンドブック'93 (JR Rolling Stock Handbook 1993)*. Japan: Neko Publishing. 1993.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** [List of exhibits](http://jr-central.co.jp/news/release/_pdf/000005597.pdf) Retrieved on 29 October 2009. (in Japanese)

v t e Electric multiple units of Japanese National Railways DC commuter/suburban 12 63 70 72 101 103 105 111 113 115 117 119 121 123 201 203 205 207 211 213 301 DC express/limited express 52 80 151 153 155 157 159 161 165 167 169 181 183 185 187 189 381 AC/DC commuter/suburban 401 403 411 413 415 417 419 421 423 AC/DC express/limited express 451 453 455 457 471 473 475 481 483 485 487 489 581 583 AC commuter/suburban 711 713 715 717 AC limited express 781 Non-revenue/experimental 141 143 145 147 191 193 443 495 591 791 This list shows all JNR EMUs, both active and withdrawn. Shinkansen types are omitted.

v t e Multiple units of Central Japan Railway Company Current Shinkansen EMU N700A N700S Conventional EMU 211 213 285 313 315 373 383 DMU KiHa 11 KiHa 25 KiHa 75 Hybrid DEMU HC85 Non-revenue EMU 923 DMU KiYa 95 [ja] KiYa 97 [ja] Future Shinkansen Maglev L0 Conventional EMU 385 Hybrid DEMU HC35 Withdrawn Shinkansen EMU 0 100 300 700 Conventional EMU KuMoHa 12 103 113 115 117 119 123 165 311 371 381 DMU KiHa 30 KiHa 40/47/48 KiHa 58/28 [ja] KiHa 65 [ja] KiHa 80 KiHa 85 Non-revenue EMU 922-10 300X KuMoYa 90 [ja] 145 [ja] 193 [ja]

v t e Multiple-units of East Japan Railway Company Current / active Shinkansen AC EMUs E2 E3 E5 E6 E7 E8 Conventional lines (Narrow- gauge) DC EMUs Commuter E127 E129 E131 205 209 211 E231 E233 E235 Limited express 253 255 E257 E259 E261 E353 AC/DC EMUs Commuter E501 E531 Limited express E653 E655 E657 AC EMUs Commuter 701 719 E721 Limited express E751 BEMUs DC EV-E301 AC EV-E801 DMUs Diesel KiHa 40 KiHa 100/110 KiHa E120 KiHa E130 KiHa 141 Diesel-electric GV-E400 Hybrid MUs Commuter KiHa E200 HB-E210 HB-E220 Resort/deluxe trains E001 HB-E300 Non-revenue AC EMUs E926 "East-i" E956 DC EMUs 143 145 AC/DC EMUs E491 E493 DMUs Diesel KiYa E193 KiYa E195 Diesel-electric GV-E197 Future Shinkansen AC EMUs E10 Conventional lines AC EMUs E723 Fuel cell EMUs FV-E991 Retired / withdrawn Shinkansen AC EMUs 200 400 E1 E4 Conventional lines DC EMUs Commuter KuMoHa 12 KuMoHa 40 101 103 105 107 113 115 123 201 203 207 E217 301 Limited express 157 165 167 169 183 185 189 215 251 E351 AC/DC EMUs Commuter 403 415 417 453 455 457 Limited express 483 485 489 583 651 AC EMUs 715 717 DMUs KiHa 20 KiHa 30 KiHa 35 KiHa 37 KiHa 38 KiHa 45 KiHa 52 KiHa 58 KiHa 59 Non-revenue AC EMUs 925 STAR21 KuMoYa 740 KuMoYa 743 DC EMUs KuMoYa 90 193 901 E331 E993 AC/DC EMUs KuMoYa 441 443 KuYa 497 E991 DMU KiYa 191 Hybrid MU KiYa E991 DC BEMU E995 Experimental Fastech 360 E331

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