# Knowle Hospital > Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Knowle_Hospital > Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/Knowle_Hospital.md > Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowle_Hospital > Source revision: 1356131134 > License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2015}} {{Use British English|date=July 2015}} {{Infobox hospital | name = Knowle Hospital | org_group = | logo = | logo_size = | image = HantsCountyAsylum.jpg | image_size = 225 | alt = | caption = Former main asylum building, now apartments | pushpin_map = Hampshire | pushpin_relief = | pushpin_map_size = 225 | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Shown in Hampshire | location = [Knowle](/source/Knowle%2C_Hampshire) | region = [Hampshire](/source/Hampshire) | state = [England](/source/England) | country = UK | coordinates = {{coord|50.881570|-1.204048|display=inline,title}} | healthcare = [NHS](/source/National_Health_Service) | funding = | type = Specialist | affiliation = [University of Southampton](/source/University_of_Southampton) | patron = | network = | standards = | emergency = No | helipad = No | beds = | speciality = Psychiatric | founded = 1852 | closed = 1996 | demolished = | website = | other_links = | module = }} '''Knowle Hospital''' was a [psychiatric hospital](/source/psychiatric_hospital) that was repurposed as the village of [Knowle](/source/Knowle%2C_Hampshire) near the town of [Fareham](/source/Fareham) in [Hampshire](/source/Hampshire), southern [England](/source/England), which opened in 1852 and closed in 1996. ==History== A committee of nine [JPs](/source/Justice_of_the_peace) were appointed at the Easter Quarter Sessions in 1846 to superintend the erecting or providing of a [lunatic asylum](/source/lunatic_asylum) for Hampshire. They selected Knowle Farm as the most suitable available site, comprising 108 acres (0.43706 km2).{{cite web | url = http://calm.hants.gov.uk/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Catalog&id=94048&pos=51 | title = 94048 - Knowle Hospital, Fareham (Alt Ref No 48M94), Hampshire County Record Office | accessdate = 2016-07-30}} The asylum was designed by James Harris and the new building, known as the Hampshire County Lunatic Asylum, opened in December 1852.{{cite web| url = http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/194555/1.hasCoversheetVersion/00250119.pdf| title = Burt, Susan Margaret (2003). "Fit Objects for an Asylum" The Hampshire County Lunatic Asylum and its Patients, 1852-1899, University of Southampton, Faculty of Social Sciences Department of Sociology and Social Policy, PhD Thesis| accessdate = 2016-07-30| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160813095526/http://eprints.soton.ac.uk/194555/1.hasCoversheetVersion/00250119.pdf| archive-date = 13 August 2016| url-status = dead}} For about a year, in 1857/58, one of the gardeners at Knowle, Henry Coe, corresponded with [Charles Darwin](/source/Charles_Darwin) on horticultural matters, especially the cultivation of [kidney beans](/source/kidney_beans). As a result of this correspondence, Darwin became involved in a minor dispute about the legality of a patient's detention at Knowle. Following his recovery and discharge, the patient wrote to Darwin, thanking him for taking a personal interest.{{cite journal|title=Charles Darwin and the Asylum Letters|journal=American Journal of Psychiatry|volume=172|issue=4|pages=321–2|publisher=Psychiatry on line|date=1 April 2015|first=Malcolm|last=King|doi=10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.14101260|pmid=25827031|doi-access=free}} A chapel was built on the site in 1875.{{cite web | url = https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1267914 | title = Knowle Hospital Chapel - List Entry Summary, Historic England | accessdate = 2016-07-30 }}{{cite web | url = http://www.countyasylums.co.uk/knowle-fareham/ | title = Knowle - History, County Asylums | accessdate = 2016-07-30 }} The asylum was renamed Knowle Mental Hospital in 1923 and then became Knowle Hospital in 1948.{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/hospitalrecords/details.asp?id=369|title=Knowle Hospital|publisher=National Archives|accessdate=4 October 2018}} In the late 1960s, Dr [Ronald A. Sandison](/source/Ronald_A._Sandison), a [psychiatrist](/source/psychiatry) and [psychotherapist](/source/psychotherapy) who pioneered the clinical use of [LSD](/source/LSD) in psychiatry, worked at Knowle Hospital.{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/medicine-obituaries/7929177/Dr-Ronald-Sandison.html|title= Obituary: Ronald Sandison|publisher=The Telegraph|date=5 August 2010|accessdate=4 October 2018}} During the 1970s, plans were drawn up to close the large county mental asylums and in 1979 mental health services for Southampton and south-west Hampshire were moved to a newly established Department of Psychiatry at [Royal South Hants Hospital](/source/Royal_South_Hants_Hospital) in Southampton.{{cite web | url = http://www.southampton.gov.uk/modernGov/(S(h1kflg55gb5qxijwx5rcii45))/Data/Public%20Health%20Standing%20Scrutiny%20Panel/20061207/Agenda/ShowDocumentaspPKID2995.pdf | title = KA brief history of the RSH | accessdate = 2016-07-30 }} thumb|left|New and old buildings forming Knowle Village Part of the hospital site was home to the [Hampshire Ambulance Service](/source/South_Central_Ambulance_Service) Knowle Training School in the 1980s.{{cite web | url = http://www.retiredambulancepersonnel.co.uk/gallery/v/Knowle+Training+School/ | title = Gallery - Knowle Training School | accessdate = 2016-07-30 }} Knowle Hospital closed in 1996{{cite web|url=https://historic-hospitals.com/mental-hospitals-in-britain-and-ireland/mental-hospitals-in-england/|title=Mental hospitals in England|date=30 May 2015|accessdate=4 October 2018}} and the site was subsequently redeveloped for residential use as [Knowle Village](/source/Knowle%2C_Hampshire).{{cite web | url = http://www.hants.gov.uk/scrmxn/c14175.html | title = Report of the County Planning Officer and the County Surveyor, Hampshire County Council Roads and Development Sub-Committee | accessdate = 2007-07-27 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070930200735/http://www.hants.gov.uk/scrmxn/c14175.html |archivedate = 2007-09-30}} ==Transport== [Knowle Halt](/source/Knowle_Halt_railway_station), a small [railway station](/source/railway_station) on the [Eastleigh–Fareham line](/source/Eastleigh%E2%80%93Fareham_line), served the asylum from 1907. The station (which also served the village of [Funtley](/source/Funtley)) was closed in 1964. Trains from the [Meon Valley Railway](/source/Meon_Valley_Railway), a cross-country railway in Hampshire, also served Knowle Halt.{{cite web | url = http://www.subbrit.org.uk/sb-sites/stations/k/knowle_halt/index.shtml | title = Subterranea Britannica Disused Stations Site Record | accessdate = 2007-07-27 }} ==See also== * [List of hospitals in England](/source/List_of_hospitals_in_England) ==References== {{reflist}} ==Further reading== *Burt, Susan (2004), ''Fit Objects for an Asylum: the Hampshire County Lunatic Asylum and its patients, 1852-1899'' (Ph.D. thesis). Southampton: University of Southampton. {{OCLC|59193333 }} ==External links== * [http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/hospitalrecords/details.asp?id=369&page=31 National Archives: Knowle Hospital Records] * [http://www.fareham.gov.uk/discover_local_area/whats_here/knowlefarm.aspx Fareham Borough Council - Knowle Village information] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070816004808/http://wickham.parish.hants.gov.uk/new_page_65.htm Wickham Parish Council page on Knowle Village] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930212121/http://wickham.parish.hants.gov.uk/Knowle%20cemetery/knowle_cemetery.overview.htm Wickham Parish Council page on Knowle Cemetery] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071001005406/http://wickham.parish.hants.gov.uk/knowle_cemetery_handover_photos.htm Photographs from Knowle Cemetery] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927233724/http://www.institutions.org.uk/asylums/england/HAM/hants_county_asylum.htm Hampshire Records Office, Winchester] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402172154/http://eprints.port.ac.uk/1677/1/Diane_Carpenter_PhD_Thesis_2010.pdf Above All a Patient Should Never be Terrified; An Examination of Mental Health Care and Treatment in Hampshire 1845-1914. PhD Thesis by Diane Teresa Carpenter; University of Portsmouth 2010] {{authority control}} Category:Former psychiatric hospitals in England Category:Hospitals in Hampshire Category:Defunct hospitals in England Category:History of Hampshire Category:Hospital buildings completed in 1852 Category:Hospitals established in 1852 Category:1852 establishments in England Category:Buildings and structures in Hampshire Category:Hospitals disestablished in 1996 Category:1996 disestablishments in England --- Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Knowle Hospital](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowle_Hospital) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowle_Hospital?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.