# Klastline Formation

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Geological formation in British Columbia

Klastline Formation Stratigraphic range: Pleistocene 0.774–0.118 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Glacially modified pyroclastic cones of the Klastline Formation Type Geological formation[1] Unit of Mount Edziza volcanic complex[2] Sub-units Junction Member, Village Member[3] Underlies Big Raven Formation[4] Overlies Edziza Formation[4] Lithology Primary Alkali basalt[1] Location Coordinates 57°30′N 130°36′W / 57.5°N 130.6°W / 57.5; -130.6[2] Region British Columbia[1] Country Canada[1] Type section Named for Klastline River[1] Named by Souther et al.[4] Year defined 1984[4]

The **Klastline Formation** is a [stratigraphic unit](/source/Stratigraphic_unit) of [Pleistocene](/source/Pleistocene) age in northwestern [British Columbia](/source/British_Columbia), Canada.

## Description

The Klastline Formation is part of the [Mount Edziza volcanic complex](/source/Mount_Edziza_volcanic_complex).[1] This is the second largest eruptive centre in the [Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province](/source/Northern_Cordilleran_Volcanic_Province), attaining a volume of 670 cubic kilometres (160 cubic miles) and an area of 1,000 square kilometres (390 square miles).[5] It consists of [shield volcanoes](/source/Shield_volcano), [stratovolcanoes](/source/Stratovolcano), [cinder cones](/source/Cinder_cone) and [lava domes](/source/Lava_dome) that have formed in the last 12 million years.[1][6]

The Klastline Formation was emplaced during the fourth magmatic cycle of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex.[1] It consists of [volcanic rocks](/source/Volcanic_rock) that were issued from at least three eruptive centres on the northern and eastern sides of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex which produced minor [lava fountains](/source/Lava_fountain) and small pyroclastic cones.[1][3] Lava of the Klastline Formation temporarily blocked streams adjacent to the volcanic complex which resulted in the creation of [lava dammed](/source/Lava_dam) lakes.[1]

## Lithology

The Klastline Formation consists primarily of [alkali basalt](/source/Alkali_basalt) flows [interbedded](/source/Interbedded) with sand and gravel.[1][3] It contains two named subunits; the Village Member which consists of regular [columnar basalt](/source/Columnar_basalt) jointing, and the Junction Member which is characterized by swirly jointed basalt. A sedimentary sequence referred to as the Days Ranch Member is preserved between various remnants of the Village Member. It consists of well-sorted sand and gravel.[3]

## Distribution

The Klastline Formation has a volume of 5.4 cubic kilometres (1.3 cubic miles), making it one of the least voluminous [geological formations](/source/Geological_formation) of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex.[1][2] It occurs along the valleys of [Kakiddi Creek](/source/Kakiddi_Creek) and the [Klastline River](/source/Klastline_River) where it forms isolated, usually flat-topped erosional remnants with 6-to-12-metre (20-to-39-foot) high [escarpments](/source/Escarpment). [Klastline Cone](/source/Klastline_Cone) on the western side of Kakiddi Valley was the main source of the Klastline Valley flows. Remnants of Klastline Formation basalt flows south of [Buckley Lake](/source/Buckley_Lake_(British_Columbia)) form scattered [outcrops](/source/Outcrop) and likely issued from a low, grassy hill surrounded by younger [Big Raven Formation](/source/Big_Raven_Formation) basalt flows.[1] A 55-kilometre-long (34-mile) sequence of Klastline Formation basalt flows is exposed along the [Stikine River](/source/Stikine_River) downstream from the Klastline River confluence.[3]

## Age

The Klastline Formation was probably deposited over a long period of eruptive activity during the [Middle](/source/Middle_Pleistocene) to [Late Pleistocene](/source/Late_Pleistocene).[3][7] [K–Ar dating](/source/K%E2%80%93Ar_dating) of a large remnant of Klastline Formation basalt in Klastline Valley has yielded an age of 0.62 ± 0.04 million years. This age is consistent with its [stratigraphic](/source/Stratigraphic) position between the Edziza and Kakiddi formations, which have ages of 0.9 million years and 0.3 million years, respectively.[4] A K–Ar date of 0.33 ± 0.03 million years has been obtained from the top of a Village Member basalt flow on the [Tahltan River](/source/Tahltan_River), suggesting that Klastline [volcanism](/source/Volcanism) may have been coeval with that of the Kakiddi Formation.[3][4] Village Member basalt about 2 kilometres (1.2 miles) downstream from the mouth of the Tahltan River on the east bank of the Stikine River has yielded a similar [Ar–Ar date](/source/Ar%E2%80%93Ar_date) of 0.30 ± 0.10 million years.[3]

## See also

- [Volcanism of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex](/source/Volcanism_of_the_Mount_Edziza_volcanic_complex)

## References

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Souther_1-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Souther_1-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Souther_1-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Souther_1-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Souther_1-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Souther_1-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Souther_1-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-Souther_1-7) [***i***](#cite_ref-Souther_1-8) [***j***](#cite_ref-Souther_1-9) [***k***](#cite_ref-Souther_1-10) [***l***](#cite_ref-Souther_1-11) [***m***](#cite_ref-Souther_1-12) [Souther, J. G.](/source/Jack_Souther) (1992). The Late Cenozoic Mount Edziza Volcanic Complex, British Columbia. *[Geological Survey of Canada](/source/Geological_Survey_of_Canada)* (Report). Memoir 420. Canada Communication Group. pp. 22, 28, 191, 246, 267. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.4095/133497](https://doi.org/10.4095%2F133497). [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-660-14407-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-660-14407-7).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Edwards_2-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Edwards_2-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Edwards_2-2) Edwards, Benjamin Ralph (1997). *Field, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies of magmatic assimilation in the Northern Cordilleran Volcanic Province, northwestern British Columbia* (PhD thesis). [University of British Columbia](/source/University_of_British_Columbia). p. 10. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0-612-25005-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-612-25005-9).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Spooner_3-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Spooner_3-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Spooner_3-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-Spooner_3-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-Spooner_3-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-Spooner_3-5) [***g***](#cite_ref-Spooner_3-6) [***h***](#cite_ref-Spooner_3-7) Spooner, Ian S.; Osborn, Gerald D.; Barendregt, R.; Irving, E. (1996). ["A Middle Pleistocene (isotope stage 10) glacial sequence in the Stikine River valley, British Columbia"](https://web.archive.org/web/20250121124101/http://www.acadiau.ca/~ispooner/pdfs_of_papers/Stikine%20River%20PAleomag%20Paper%20CJES.pdf) (PDF). *[Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences](/source/Canadian_Journal_of_Earth_Sciences)*. **33** (10). [NRC Research Press](/source/NRC_Research_Press): 1429−1431. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[1996CaJES..33.1428S](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996CaJES..33.1428S). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1139/e96-107](https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fe96-107). Archived from [the original](http://www.acadiau.ca/~ispooner/pdfs_of_papers/Stikine%20River%20PAleomag%20Paper%20CJES.pdf) (PDF) on 2025-01-21. Retrieved 2023-09-20.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-LCGU_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-LCGU_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-LCGU_4-2) [***d***](#cite_ref-LCGU_4-3) [***e***](#cite_ref-LCGU_4-4) [***f***](#cite_ref-LCGU_4-5) ["Klastline Formation"](https://weblex.canada.ca/html/007000/GSCC00053007723.html). *[Lexicon of Canadian Geologic Units](/source/Lexicon_of_Canadian_Geologic_Units)*. [Government of Canada](/source/Government_of_Canada). Retrieved 2023-09-21.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-SL_5-0)** Edwards, Benjamin R.; Russell, James K. (2000). "Distribution, nature, and origin of Neogene–Quaternary magmatism in the northern Cordilleran volcanic province, Canada". *[Geological Society of America Bulletin](/source/Geological_Society_of_America_Bulletin)*. **112** (8). [Geological Society of America](/source/Geological_Society_of_America): 1284. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2000GSAB..112.1280E](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000GSAB..112.1280E). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1130/0016-7606(2000)112<1280:dnaoon>2.0.co;2](https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0016-7606%282000%29112%3C1280%3Adnaoon%3E2.0.co%3B2). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0016-7606](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0016-7606).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Edziza: Synonyms & Subfeatures"](https://web.archive.org/web/20210810000000/https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=320060&vtab=Subfeatures). *[Global Volcanism Program](/source/Global_Volcanism_Program)*. [Smithsonian Institution](/source/Smithsonian_Institution). Archived from [the original](https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=320060&vtab=Subfeatures) on 2021-08-10. Retrieved 2023-09-07.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Smellie, John L.; Edwards, Benjamin R. (2016). *Glaciovolcanism on Earth and Mars: Products, Processes and Palaeoenvironmental Significance*. [Cambridge University Press](/source/Cambridge_University_Press). p. 44. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-107-03739-7](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-03739-7).

v t e Mount Edziza volcanic complex Cinder cones The Ash Pit Cache Hill Camp Hill Cinder Cliff Cocoa Crater Coffee Crater Eve Cone Exile Hill Icefall Cone Kana Cone Keda Cone Klastline Cone Mess Lake Cone Moraine Cone Nahta Cone Outcast Hill Ridge Cone Sidas Cone Sleet Cone Source Hill Storm Cone Thaw Hill Triplex Cones Twin Cone Walkout Creek centres Williams Cone Subglacial volcanoes Pillow Ridge Tennena Cone Tsekone Ridge Wetalth Ridge Central volcanoes Armadillo Peak Mount Edziza Ice Peak Spectrum Range Lava domes Glacier Dome IGC Centre Nanook Dome Pharaoh Dome The Pyramid Sphinx Dome Triangle Dome Lava fields Desolation Lava Field Mess Lake Lava Field Snowshoe Lava Field Plateaus Arctic Lake Plateau Big Raven Plateau Kitsu Plateau Ridges Artifact Ridge Cartoona Ridge Idiji Ridge Obsidian Ridge Pillow Ridge Sorcery Ridge Tsekone Ridge Wetalth Ridge Yagi Ridge Mountain passes Destell Pass Raspberry Pass Bluffs Koosick Bluff Ornostay Bluff Glaciers Idiji Glacier Tenchen Glacier Tencho Glacier Tennaya Glacier Streams Artifact Creek Ball Creek Bourgeaux Creek Chakima Creek Crayke Creek Elwyn Creek Flyin Creek Gerlib Creek Kadeya Creek Kitsu Creek Little Iskut River More Creek Nagha Creek Nido Creek Pyramid Creek Raspberry Creek Sezill Creek Shaman Creek Sorcery Creek Stewbomb Creek Tadekho Creek Taweh Creek Tenchen Creek Tennaya Creek Tsecha Creek Walkout Creek Stratigraphic units Armadillo Formation Big Raven Formation (Sheep Track Member) Edziza Formation Ice Peak Formation Kakiddi Formation Klastline Formation Little Iskut Formation Nido Formation (Tenchen Member) Pyramid Formation Raspberry Formation Other Cartoona Peak Gnu Butte Mess Creek Escarpment Volcanism of the Mount Edziza volcanic complex

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Klastline Formation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klastline_Formation) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klastline_Formation?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.