# Kitchen garden

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Garden area used for growing edible plants

"Kailyard" redirects here. For the grouping of Scottish literature, see [Kailyard school](/source/Kailyard_school).

"Potager" redirects here. For the racehorse, see [Potager (horse)](/source/Potager_(horse)). For a soup chef, see [Brigade de cuisine](/source/Brigade_de_cuisine).

Typical potager ([French intensive gardening](/source/French_intensive_gardening)) with its traditional [scarecrow](/source/Scarecrow) in the French countryside

Walled 17th-century kitchen garden at [Ham House](/source/Ham_House) near London, with [orangery](/source/Orangery) in the distance.

The traditional **kitchen garden**, **vegetable garden**, also known as a **potager** (from the French *jardin potager*) or in Scotland a **kailyaird**,[1] is a space separate from the rest of the residential [garden](/source/Garden) – the [ornamental plants](/source/Ornamental_plant) and [lawn](/source/Lawn) areas. It is used for growing [edible plants](/source/Edible_plants) and often some [medicinal plants](/source/Medicinal_plant), especially historically. The plants are grown for domestic use; though some seasonal surpluses are given away or sold, a commercial operation growing a variety of vegetables is more commonly termed a [market garden](/source/Market_garden) (or a [farm](/source/Farm)). The kitchen garden is different not only in its [history](/source/History_of_gardening), but also its functional [design](/source/Garden_design). It differs from an [allotment](/source/Allotment_(gardening)) in that a kitchen garden is on private land attached or very close to the dwelling. It is regarded as essential that the kitchen garden could be quickly accessed by the cook.

An herbal garden at [Beernem](/source/Beernem), [Belgium](/source/Belgium)

Historically, most small country gardens were probably mainly or entirely used as kitchen gardens, but in large country houses the kitchen garden was a segregated area, normally rectangular and [enclosed by a wall](/source/Walled_garden) or hedge, walls being useful for training [fruit trees](/source/Fruit_tree) as well as offering shelter from wind.[2] Such large examples very often included [greenhouses](/source/Greenhouse) and furnace-heated hothouses for more tender delicacies, and also flowers for display in the house; an [orangery](/source/Orangery) was the ultimate type. In large houses, the kitchen garden was typically placed diagonally to the rear and side of the house, not impeding the views from the front and rear facades, but still quick to access. In some cases, hardy flowers for cutting were grown outside there, rather than in the [flower garden](/source/Flower_garden). A large country house hardly expected to buy any vegetables, herbs or fruit, and the surplus was often distributed as presents; the walled example at [Croome Court](/source/Croome_Court) in England covers seven acres,[3] and the gardens have a large "Temple Greenhouse", an orangery in the form of a [Roman Temple](/source/Roman_Temple).

A symbol of American self-sufficiency and the colonial [homestead](/source/Homesteading), practical kitchen gardens were the center of home life in early America. In Europe, especially Britain, the difficulties in food supply during [World War II](/source/World_War_II) resulted in a huge, if temporary, upsurge in growing vegetables in small gardens, with much encouragement from the government [Ministry of Food](/source/Ministry_of_Food_(United_Kingdom)). In modern gardening, there has been interest in integrating the growing of food plants within a mainly ornamental garden; fruit trees and cooking herbs are the simplest and most popular expression of this.[4]

## Visibility

Part of the *potager du roi* at Versailles, with steps for mounting the wall at bottom right.

In [Gera](/source/Gera), a baroque [orangery](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orangerie_(Gera)) forms the western end of the [Küchengarten](https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BCchengarten_(Gera)) (kitchen garden), which is the local pleasure garden.

In large country house gardens, the walls also served to hide the kitchen garden, as "a place of base labour ... from the more polite areas", which included the often very extensive fruit gardens and orchards.[5] The gardeners were often, depending on the season, the number of guests, and the whim of the owner, expected to keep out of the main "best garden" during the fairly predictable parts of the day when the family and guests were likely to be walking in the garden, and the kitchen garden provided somewhere for them to occupy themselves at these times. Mostly, visitors were probably not expected to venture inside without leave. But some owners, from [Louis XIV](/source/Louis_XIV) downwards, liked to show guests the kitchen garden, especially if they knew they had an interest. In the [gardens of Versailles](/source/Gardens_of_Versailles), the enormous *potager* area, not contiguous with the main gardens, had a wall that was thick enough for visitors to accompany the king in walking along the top for a better view, as on castle battlements.[6]

## History

The French doctor and printer, [Charles Estienne](/source/Charles_Estienne), wrote in detail about the 16th century kitchen garden in *Maison Rustique*; his book was largely compiled from classical authors. This practical garden was to be separated from the pleasure gardens, enclosed by a thick hedge or wall. Estienne viewed hedges as more resilient, cost effective and were easier to repair and maintain, but at least in later periods, walls seem to have been more usual; some were [hot walls](/source/Hot_wall), with a central cavity gently heated by furnaces. Certainly walls leave more traces behind for the garden archaeologist. The hedge, Estienne says, can be planted with red and white [gooseberry](/source/Gooseberry) bushes, [medlar](/source/Medlar_tree) and [olive trees](/source/Olive_trees), [woodbine](/source/Woodbine_(plant)), whitethorn, wild apples, brambles, and [eglantiness](/source/Eglantine_rose). Lattices were woven from [willow](/source/Willow) branches and every year renewed, unless made with [juniper](/source/Juniper) poles that had been reinforced with charred [oak](/source/Oak).

In the [Middle Ages](/source/Middle_Ages), the kitchen garden was often a separate enclosure some way away from the main house. The [Covent Garden](/source/Covent_Garden) area of London got its name as the kitchen garden for [Westminster Abbey](/source/Westminster_Abbey), though some distance from the abbey itself. In Renaissance times, the kitchen garden was rather close to the house, but by the mid-17th-century many were being moved further away, with a service road leading to the main house.[7] At Versailles a public road needs to be crossed to reach it.

In the UK, by the 19th century, as the breeding of vegetable cultivars greatly increased, a plethora of magazines, societies and competitions in local or county fairs, supported what had become (and remains) a popular form of specialist gardening. Some gardeners concentrated on mere size, leading to monstrous (and largely tasteless) strains of vegetables such as [leeks](/source/Leek). The new [allotments](/source/Allotment_(gardening)), small pieces of a plot of land made available by local councils or charities, often specified that only edible plants were to be grown.[8]

In the early 20th century, the [city government](/source/Local_government) of [Poznań](/source/Pozna%C5%84) purchased several small plots of land that it then distributed to families with children. The families cultivated the land with seeds and fertilizer. Crops included carrots, spinach, and [beans](/source/Bean). The city government found that the plots complemented the diets of the families and looked to expand the program. Some families also grew enough to sell.[9]

## Plants

[Companion planting](/source/Companion_planting) of carrots and onions

According to Estienne, of the planted crops, [turnips](/source/Turnips) required the most room, and planted next to these were [coleworts](/source/Coleworts), and a path leading to plots of [sorrel](/source/Sorrel), [arugula](/source/Arugula), [parsley](/source/Parsley), [spinach](/source/Spinach), [beets](/source/Beet), and [orach](/source/Orach), then separated from the greens another path to the root vegetables, [leeks](/source/Leeks), [onions](/source/Onions), [garlic](/source/Garlic), [carrots](/source/Carrots), and [scallions](/source/Scallions), and so on for edible flowers and winter potherbs like [thyme](/source/Thyme), [sage](/source/Salvia_officinalis), [lavender](/source/Lavender), [rosemary](/source/Rosemary), [hyssop](/source/Hyssop), [southern wormwood](/source/Southernwood), [savoury](/source/Satureja), [lemon balm](/source/Lemon_balm), [basil](/source/Basil), [costmary](/source/Costmary), [spikenard](/source/Spikenard), [chamomile](/source/Chamomile), and [pennyroyal](/source/Mentha_pulegium).

[Marigolds](/source/Calendula) could grow [perennially](/source/Perennial) in untilled fields, and their juice and flowers were reputed to have many benefits from soothing eye irritation to relieving tooth pain. [Strawberry](/source/Strawberry) juice and wine were rumored to have similar benefits for the eyes, and, according to Estienne, the berries themselves had "no neede of greate toile or tilling". Modern researchers continue to study whether reduced [tillage](/source/Tillage) improves weed control and yield for strawberry plants.[10]

Other plants found in the kitchen garden: [asparagus](/source/Asparagus), [artichoke](/source/Artichoke), [sow thistle](/source/Sow_thistle), [endive](/source/Endive), [chicory](/source/Chicory), [watercress](/source/Watercress), [scallions](/source/Scallions), [chives](/source/Chives), [parsnips](/source/Parsnips), [purslane](/source/Purslane), [smallage](/source/Smallage), [tarragon](/source/Tarragon), [borage](/source/Borage), [bugloss](/source/Boraginaceae), [radishes](/source/Radish), [rapeseed](/source/Rapeseed), [skirret](/source/Skirret), [poppy](/source/Poppy), [mustard](/source/Mustard_plant), [cucumbers](/source/Cucumbers) and [gourds](/source/Gourds).

[Citrus](/source/Citrus) and [melons](/source/Melons) could be part of the kitchen garden also, if the conditions of soil and climate were such as to support their growth.

### Modern potager garden

At the [Château de Villandry](/source/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Villandry), [France](/source/France), the old formal flower beds have been turned over in recent decades entirely to vegetables, giving a striking, if untypical, scene.

In some modern gardens, edible plants and especially herbs are planted alongside ornamental plants. Fruit trees are one of the most common ways of doing this.[4] The goal is to make the function of providing food aesthetically pleasing.

Plants are chosen as much for their functionality as for their color and form.[11] Many are trained to grow upward. A well-designed potager can provide food as well as cut flowers and herbs for the home with very little maintenance.[4] Potagers can disguise their function of providing for a home in a wide array of forms—from the [cottage garden](/source/Cottage_garden) to the formality of a [knot garden](/source/Knot_garden).

The owner of one of the [Loire chateaux](/source/List_of_ch%C3%A2teaux_in_Centre-Val_de_Loire) in France, the [Château de Villandry](/source/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Villandry) decided many decades ago, to recreate a [French formal garden](/source/French_formal_garden) with an elaborate geometrical scheme of beds surrounded by low hedges, but planted with kitchen garden plants (more recently the garden has been extended, the new areas mostly not planted with vegetables). This striking scheme has been highly effective in turning the gardens into a tourist attraction, but is in no way historically authentic.

## Vegetable garden

A small vegetable garden in May outside [Austin, Texas](/source/Austin%2C_Texas)

[Borage](/source/Borage) is commonly grown in herb gardens; its flowers can be used as a [garnish](/source/Garnish_(food))

[Cowbridge Physic Garden](/source/Cowbridge_Physic_Garden), [Wales](/source/Wales)

Green lettuce in a kitchen garden on [stilts](/source/Stilts_(architecture)) in [Laos](/source/Laos)

A **vegetable garden** (also known as a **vegetable patch** or **vegetable plot**) is a garden that exists to grow vegetables and other plants useful for human consumption,[12][13] in contrast to a [flower garden](/source/Flower_garden) that exists for [aesthetic](/source/Aesthetic) purposes. It is a small-scale form of [vegetable growing](/source/Vegetable_growing). A vegetable garden typically includes a [compost heap](/source/Compost_heap), and several plots or divided areas of land, intended to grow one or two types of plant in each plot. Plots may also be divided into rows with an assortment of vegetables grown in the different rows. It is usually located to the rear of a property in the [back garden](/source/Back_garden) or back yard.[12] About a third of adults in the UK and America grow food in private or community kitchen or vegetable gardens.[14][15] In [World War II](/source/World_War_II), many people had a "[victory garden](/source/Victory_garden)" which provided food and thus freed resources for the war effort.[16]

With worsening economic conditions and increased interest in organic and sustainable living, many people are turning to vegetable gardening as a supplement to their family's [diet](/source/Diet_(nutrition)). Food grown in the back yard consumes little if any fuel for shipping or maintenance, and the grower can be sure of what exactly was used to grow it.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*]

The beneficial effects on the sustainability of food as well as in reducing [greenhouse gas emissions](/source/Greenhouse_gas_emissions) related to [agriculture](/source/Agriculture) by growing one’s own food (for example, growing food locally reduces [food miles](/source/Food_miles), the distance food travels, and therefore reduces the greenhouse gas emissions associated with that travel[17]) can be increased through [social contagion](/source/Social_contagion), the process through which behaviour, emotions, or conditions spread spontaneously through a group or [network](/source/Social_network). A 2019 study found evidence that the spread of vegetable gardens in urban space displays was the result of neighbors seeing vegetable gardens near them and deciding to grow their own.[18] Once enough people in a network have been influenced to grow their own vegetables, the community can reach a [tipping point](/source/Tipping_point_(sociology)), in which a majority of people transition to a new habit; a 2018 study published in Nature claims that with only 25 per cent of a population adopting a behavioral change, a minority perspective was able to overturn the majority.[19]

[Organic horticulture](/source/Organic_horticulture), or organic gardening, has become increasingly popular for the modern home gardener.[20]

## Herb garden

See also: [List of culinary herbs and spices](/source/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices), [Herb farm](/source/Herb_farm), and [Physic garden](/source/Physic_garden)

The **herb garden** is often a separate space in the garden, devoted to growing a specific group of plants known as herbs. These gardens may be informal patches of plants, or they may be carefully designed, even to the point of arranging and clipping the plants to form specific patterns, as in a [knot garden](/source/Knot_garden).

Herb gardens may be purely functional or they may include a blend of functional and ornamental plants. The herbs are usually used to flavour food in cooking, though they may also be used in other ways, such as discouraging pests, providing pleasant scents, or serving medicinal purposes (such as a [physic garden](/source/Physic_garden)), among others.

A kitchen garden can be created by planting different herbs in pots or containers, with the added benefit of mobility. Although not all herbs thrive in pots or containers, some herbs do better than others. Mint, a fragrant yet invasive herb, is an example of an herb that is advisable to keep in a container or it will take over the whole garden.[21][22][23]

## Some surviving walled kitchen gardens

These are open to the public.[24]

- [Croome Court](/source/Croome_Court)

- [Gibside](/source/Gibside), NT, some now used as volunteer allotments

- [Ham House](/source/Ham_House), NT, mostly used for vegetables.

- [Clumber Park](/source/Clumber_Park)

## See also

- [List of garden types](/source/List_of_garden_types)

- *[The Victorian Kitchen Garden](/source/The_Victorian_Kitchen_Garden)*, tv series

- [Subsistence agriculture](/source/Subsistence_agriculture)

## Notes

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [Scots](/source/Scots_language) "kailyaird" or "kailyard", means a small cabbage patch (see [kale](/source/Kale)) or kitchen garden, usually adjacent to a cottage.--Cuddon, J. A. (1977) *A Dictionary of Literary Terms*. London: André Deutsch; p. 343.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Flower garden - History of Early American Landscape Design"](https://heald.nga.gov/mediawiki/index.php/Flower_garden). *heald.nga.gov*. Retrieved September 22, 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** BBC News (August 23, 2014), [*Croome Court Georgian walled garden opens for first time*](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-england-hereford-worcester-28911154), BBC

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Alan_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Alan_4-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-Alan_4-2) Titmarsh, Alan (January 26, 2014). ["Grow your veggies in style! How to create a kitchen garden"](http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/garden/455185/Alan-Titchmarsh-on-creating-a-style-statement-kitchen-garden). *The Express*. Retrieved May 9, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [Jacques, David](/source/David_Jacques), *Gardens of Court and Country: English Design 1630-1730*, p. 62, 2017, Yale University Press, ISBN 9780300222012

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Mukerji, Chandra, *Territorial ambitions and the gardens of Versailles*, pp. 64-65, 1997, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521599597, 0521599598, [google books](https://books.google.com/books?id=TpJvLySgrDwC&pg=PA64)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Uglow, 234

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Uglow, 193-199, and see index

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** "A German Land Ownership". *The Christian Science Monitor*. June 30, 1910. p. 14.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** McDermott, Laura. ["Optimizing Strawberry Production With A Reduced Tillage System"](https://www.hort.cornell.edu/expo/proceedings/2013/Berries/Berries%20McDermott%20Reduced%20Tillage.pdf) (PDF). *Cornell University Cooperative Extension*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** Hendry, Ann Marie. ["How to Design a Potager Garden"](https://www.growveg.co.uk/guides/how-to-design-a-potager-garden/). growveg.co.uk. Retrieved May 9, 2017.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Komar_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Komar_12-1) Komar, Stephen (May 7, 2017). ["Some tips as you prepare your spring vegetable garden"](https://web.archive.org/web/20170507065009/http://www.njherald.com/20170507/some-tips-as-you-prepare-your-spring-vegetable-garden). *New Jersey Herald*. njherald.com. Archived from [the original](http://www.njherald.com/20170507/some-tips-as-you-prepare-your-spring-vegetable-garden) on May 7, 2017. Retrieved May 9, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Planning a vegetable garden"](https://www.rhs.org.uk/advice/beginners-guide/vegetable-basics/planning-a-vegetable-garden). rhs.org.uk. Retrieved May 9, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["'Rising numbers' growing own food"](https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-18094945). *BBC News*. May 17, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["Gardening Boom: 1 in 3 American Households Grow Food"](https://web.archive.org/web/20200728180259/http://www.farmerfoodshare.org/farmer-foodshare/2017/6/15/gardening-boom-1-in-3-american-households-grow-food). *Farmer Foodshare*. Archived from [the original](http://www.farmerfoodshare.org/farmer-foodshare/2017/6/15/gardening-boom-1-in-3-american-households-grow-food) on July 28, 2020. Retrieved March 20, 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Pack, Charles Lathrop (1919). *War Gardens Victorious*. J. B. Lippincott. p. 15.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Li, Mengyu (June 20, 2022). ["Global food-miles account for nearly 20% of total food-systems emissions"](https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-022-00531-w#citeas). *Nature Food*. **3** (6): 445–453. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1038/s43016-022-00531-w](https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs43016-022-00531-w). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [37118044](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37118044). Retrieved February 21, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Shur-Ofry, Michal; Malcai, Ofer (June 17, 2019). ["Collective action and social contagion: Community gardens as a case study"](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/rego.12256). *Regulation and Governance*. **15** (1): 63–81. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1111/rego.12256](https://doi.org/10.1111%2Frego.12256). Retrieved February 17, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-19)** Centola, Damon; Becker, Joshua; Brackbill, Devon (June 8, 2018). ["Experimental evidence for tipping points in social convention"](https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aas8827). *Science*. **360** (6393): 1116–1119. [Bibcode](/source/Bibcode_(identifier)):[2018Sci...360.1116C](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Sci...360.1116C). [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.1126/science.aas8827](https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aas8827). [PMID](/source/PMID_(identifier)) [29880688](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29880688). Retrieved February 17, 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Buckland, Toby (May 6, 2016). ["The beginner's guide to starting a veg garden"](https://www.telegraph.co.uk/gardening/how-to-grow/the-beginners-guide-to-starting-a-veg-garden/). *The Telegraph*. Retrieved May 9, 2017.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** ["Gardening Design"](https://www.neta-ginun.co.il/). *Neta Design*. May 24, 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-22)** ["Mint and the Home Vegetable Garden"](http://vegetablegardenhub.com/mint-and-the-home-vegetable-garden). VegetableGardenHub.com. Retrieved May 19, 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** ["Gardening Guide"](https://www.igardener.co.il/). Sunday, March 15, 2020

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** [National Trust, "Top kitchen gardens"](https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/lists/top-kitchen-gardens)

## References

- [Uglow, Jenny](/source/Jenny_Uglow), *A Little History of British Gardening*, 2004, Chatto & Windus, [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [0701169281](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0701169281)

## Further reading

- Bartley, Jennifer R. (2006). *Designing the New Kitchen Garden: An American Potager Handbook*. Portland: Timber Press. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-88192-772-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88192-772-6).

- Davies, Jennifer (1987). *The Victorian Kitchen Garden*. London: BBC Books. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-563-20442-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-563-20442-8).

- M. D. (1901) "Formation of the Fruit and Kitchen Garden", in: Thompson, Robert *The Gardener's Assistant*; new edition, revised ... under the direction and general editorship of [William Watson](/source/William_Watson_(botanist)). Vol. IV, pp. 1–32. London: Gresham Publishing Company.

- [Giles, Dorothy](/source/Dorothy_Giles) (1926). [*The Little Kitchen Garden*](https://books.google.com/books?id=RNdBAAAAIAAJ). Boston: Little, Brown & Co.

- Shewell-Cooper, W. E. (1947) *The A.B.C. of Vegetable Gardening* London: English Universities Press (first published 1937).

- Wilson, C. A. (ed.) (1998). *The Country House Kitchen Garden 1600–1950: How Produce Was Grown and How it Was Used*. Sutton Publishing. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-7509-1423-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-1423-9).

## External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to [Kitchen gardens](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kitchen_gardens).

- [Urban Leaf](http://www.geturbanleaf.com/blog): A useful knowledge base for aspiring gardeners with a lot of information about getting started

- [Kitchen Gardeners International](http://www.kgi.org/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20160929002937/http://www.kgi.org/) September 29, 2016, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine): A nonprofit group promoting kitchen gardens worldwide

- [Walled Kitchen Gardens Network](http://www.walledgardens.net/)

- [Kitchen Gardens](https://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/tracer-bullets/kitchengardenstb.html), Science Tracer Bullet, Library of Congress

- [The History of Kitchen Gardens in America](https://exhibits.mannlib.cornell.edu/kitchengardens/), Cornell University, Mann Library

- [Herb Society of America](https://www.herbsociety.org/)

- [National Herb Garden](https://www.usna.usda.gov/Gardens/collections/herb.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20180222120605/http://www.usna.usda.gov/Gardens/collections/herb.html) February 22, 2018, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), [United States National Arboretum](/source/United_States_National_Arboretum)

- [Medicinal Herb Garden](https://web.archive.org/web/20081223101826/http://nnlm.gov/pnr/uwmhg/), [University of Washington](/source/University_of_Washington), USA

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Kitchen garden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen_garden) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen_garden?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.