# Kiberg

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For the singer, see [Tina Kiberg](/source/Tina_Kiberg).

or [1] is a village in [Vardø Municipality](/source/Vard%C3%B8_Municipality) in eastern [Finnmark](/source/Finnmark) county, [Norway](/source/Norway). It is located on the eastern end of the [Varanger Peninsula](/source/Varanger_Peninsula), along the [Barents Sea](/source/Barents_Sea). Kiberg is the second largest settlement in Vardø municipality. It is situated about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of the municipal centre, the town of [Vardø](/source/Vard%C3%B8_(town)). [Kibergsneset](/source/Kibergsneset) (Cape Kiberg) is the easternmost spot on the Norwegian mainland, and it is located just east of the village. The 0.28-square kilometre (69-acre) village has a population (2013) of 202, which gives the village a [population density](/source/Population_density) of 721 inhabitants per square kilometre (1,870 /sq mi).[2]

## History

### Witch Burning

Two women from Kiberg, Mari Jørgensdatter and Kirsti Sørensdatter, were burned at the stake during the [1621 witch trials in Vardø](/source/Vard%C3%B8_witch_trials_(1621)). The Scottish-born governor of Vardø, [John Cunningham](/source/John_Cunningham_(explorer)) (ca. 1575 - 1651), also known as Hans Køning,[3] was present in court during the hearing against Mari Jørgensdatter on 29 January 1621 and at the trial of Kirsti Sørensdatter on 16 and 28 April.[4] When Kirsti Sørensdatter was burned alive, a couple of months after ten other women had been burnt for sorcery, she became the last victim of the great witch trial of 1621.

### Pomor trade

During the days of the [Pomor trade](/source/Pomor_trade), which was ended as a result of changes ushered in by the Russian revolution in 1917, Kiberg was a centre of Russian activity, to such as extent that the village was called "Lille Moskva" (Little Moscow).[5]

### World War Two

During [World War II](/source/World_War_II), forty-five men from the village served in the Soviet military forces.[6] Eighteen of these [partisans](/source/Soviet_partisans) survived the war, and seventeen returned to the village.[6]

On 25 September 1940, a few months after Germany occupied Norway, three fishing boats left Kiberg harbour in dense fog for the [Soviet Union](/source/Soviet_Union) with forty-eight passerngers on board, including small children.[7] When they reached [Vayda-Guba](/source/Vayda-Guba), they were met by Soviet navy vessels and brought to the navy base in [Polyarny](/source/Polyarny,_Murmansk_Oblast), where they were questioned by the [NKVD](/source/NKVD) about their motives for coming to the Soviet Union. After a few weeks, they were freed and sent to [Murmansk](/source/Murmansk). The men had agreed to enroll in the [Northern Fleet](/source/Northern_Fleet) or the NKVD, while the women and children were sent on to [Shadrinsk](/source/Shadrinsk) to work on a state farm.[5][8] Others soon followed these refugees. In all, more than 100 people fled occupied Finnmark for the Soviet Union in 1940.[5]

After the Nazis attacked the Soviet Union, some of these refugees returned to Norway to serve as partisans, reporting on German shipping movements.[5][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]

Most of the partisans were killed by the Germans, especially in 1943, but some survived. (One of those was [Aksel Jacobsen Bogdanoff](/source/Aksel_Jacobsen_Bogdanoff), who has a second claim to fame—in 1953, he and his brother encountered and shot the last [polar bear](/source/Polar_bear) seen in Finnmark, at [Lille Ekkerøy](/source/Lille_Ekker%C3%B8y).[16][17]

Because they had been involved with the Soviet Union, the surviving partisans and their helpers were treated as suspicious by the Norwegian surveillance police during the [Cold War](/source/Cold_War). In 1992, the Norwegian King apologized to them on behalf of the state.[18]

## References

1. ["Informasjon om stadnamn"](https://stadnamn.kartverket.no/fakta/202520) (in Norwegian). *Norgeskart*. [Kartverket](/source/Norwegian_Mapping_Authority). Retrieved 2024-06-28.

1. Statistisk sentralbyrå (1 January 2013). ["Urban settlements. Population and area, by municipality."](https://www.ssb.no/186162/urban-settlements.population-and-area-by-municipality.1-january-2013)

1. ["John Cunningham or Hans Køning (ca. 1575 - 1651)"](http://slektsforskning.com/login/person/anetre5/tekst/John%20Cunninghameng.asp)

1. *Military Governors and Imperial Frontiers C. 1600-1800: A Study of Scotland and Empires*. 2003. p. 46. ISBN 9004129707.

1. ["Norwegian Partisans in Soviet service 1940 - 1944"](http://www.varangermuseum.no/no/vardo/artikler_og_andre_tekster/Norwegian+Partisans+in+Soviet+service+1940+-+1944.9UFRnM4T.ips). Varanger Museum.[dead link]

1. [Norske motstandsmenn - Partisanene i Finnmark](http://www.nrk.no/kanal/nrk_gull/1.6346141) [Norwegian Resistance fighters - Partisans in Finnmark]

1. Jacobsen, Alf R. (2003). [*Banesår*](https://books.google.com/books?id=zfNmAAAAMAAJBanesår). p. 29. ISBN 8203229271.

1. Broekmeyer, M. J. (2004). [*Stalin, the Russians, and Their War*](https://books.google.com/books?id=PGANqVNdjKQC). p. 254. ISBN 0299195945.

1. Kjørtoft, Kjell (1983). *Lille Moskva – den glemte krigen* [Little Moscow - the forgotten war]. ISBN 8205147256. A book about the partisans in Finnmark and their fate during and after the war which led to a documentary film of the same name that won awards at film festivals in [Moscow](/source/Moscow) and [Kraków](/source/Krak%C3%B3w).

1. ["Losing Your Language"](http://muninn.net/blog/?s=admitted)

1. Harjo, Osvald (1956). *Moskva kjenner ingen tårer* [Moscow knows no tears].

1. Amundsen, Kirsten & Burgess, William H. (1990). [*Inside spetsnaz: Soviet special operations: a critical analysis*](https://archive.org/details/insidespetsnazso00kirs). Presidio Press. ISBN 0891413391.

1. Raaum, Andreas (13 August 2010). *Partisanenes innsats i Troms og Finnmark under den andre verdenskrig*

1. ["Partisanen und Spione in Nord-Norwegen"](http://www.71nord.de/NoNoPartisanen.html)

1. Wahl, Kåre (2002). [*Partisanene Sibblund og Søderstrøm*](http://nkpmn.org/Historiesidene/okkupasjonstida/WahlPartisan.html)

1. ["Ancestry.com"](http://search.ancestry.com.au/cgi-bin/sse.dll?db=mediaphotopublic&rank=1&sbo=t&gsbco=5216%2CSweden&gsln=Bogdinoff)

1. Gundersen, Oddbjørn (19 May 2006). ["53 år siden sist"](http://www.finnmarken.no/lokale_nyheter/article2107756.ece) [53 years ago]. *[Finnmarken](/source/Finnmarken_(newspaper))*

1. ["The King's speech at the Partisan Monument in Kiberg"](http://www.kongehuset.no/c26947/tale/vis.html?tid=30959&strukt_tid=26947). 3 August 1992.

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Kiberg](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiberg) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiberg?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.