# Kholod

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Soviet hypersonic rocket project

See also: [Kholod (surname)](/source/Kholod_(surname))

Prototype Kholod

**Kholod** (Холод) is an experimental Russian rocket project. The [hypersonic](/source/Hypersonic_flight) [rocket](/source/Rocket) uses a [scramjet](/source/Scramjet) engine and was created to exceed [Mach](/source/Mach_Number) 6+ The prototype consists of a [Soyuz TMKB](/source/Soyuz_(rocket_family)) with [liquid hydrogen](/source/Liquid_hydrogen) and modified fillings from the [SA-5 Gammon](/source/SA-5_Gammon) missiles. The entire rocket, including the four [booster rockets](/source/Booster_rocket), is 12 metres (39 ft) long and 750 millimetres (30 in) in diameter.[1][2][3][4][5][6] The project led to other Russian hypersonic rockets like the [Igla](/source/GLL-8_(Gll-VK)_Igla) rocket craft and the [Yu-71](/source/Yu-71) [boost-glide](/source/Boost-glide) warhead.

The Kholod became part of a joint [CIAM](/source/Baranov_Central_Institute_of_Aviation_Motor_Development)/[NASA](/source/NASA) project to enhance the fundamental understanding of variable geometry ram/scramjet hybrids beginning in the 1990s.[7] These tests resulted in successful flights from [Sary Shagan](/source/Sary_Shagan) test range in central [Kazakhstan](/source/Kazakhstan) in 1998.

The aim of the partnership was to test the Kholod's scramjet at Mach 6.5 while recording all relevant test data both onboard and via [telemetry](/source/Telemetry). The Kholod allowed for the testing of variable hypersonic flow, ramjet/scramjet geometry, and more importantly to act as a litmus test to ensure that the data produced by ground experiments was consistent with real world testing at altitude.

The Kholod contained an array of 83 [pressure transducers](/source/Pressure_sensor) and 58 [thermocouples](/source/Thermocouple), to monitor the effects of hypersonic flow on the leading edge and inlet. The Kholod's sustained run of its dual mode ramjet/scramjet was primarily enabled by the development of a new [alloy](/source/Alloy) named "FeCrAl". The new alloy consisted of [steel](/source/Steel) (Fe), [chromium](/source/Chromium) (Cr), and [aluminum](/source/Aluminum) (Al) that was then covered with chromium-[nickel](/source/Nickel) spray; this was a major improvement over the use of the [stainless steel](/source/Stainless_steel) alloy EP-666.

The information obtained by the Hypersonic Flying Laboratory enabled researchers to begin designing the next generation of ramjets and scramjets.[8]

Russia would continue to research scramjet platforms under the ORYOL-2-1 program that focused on developing the GLL-8 Igla platform. The success of the Kholod program led to the development of NASA's [X-43](/source/NASA_X-43) to further refine the mechanics of scramjets and to develop control surfaces to enable maneuverability at hypersonic speeds.[9]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Kholod project"](http://www.russianspaceweb.com/kholod.html). *www.russianspaceweb.com*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Roudakov, A.S., Y. Schickhman, V. Semenov, Ph. Novelli, and O. Fourt, "Flight Testing an Axisymmetric Scramjet: Russian Recent Advances," 44th Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, Oct. 16– 22, 1993, Graz, Austria

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Prototypes.com/La saga des statoréacteurs/XVII. Les records de vitesse"](http://xplanes.free.fr/stato/stato-17.html). *xplanes.free.fr*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** Gorey, Colm (July 22, 2014). ["Supersonic scramjet to go up for auction in London"](https://www.siliconrepublic.com/discovery/supersonic-scramjet-to-go-up-for-auction-in-london). *Silicon Republic*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Sheikh, Shahzad (July 21, 2014). ["Used rocket for sale, two careless owners"](https://browncarguy.com/2014/07/22/used-rocket-for-sale-two-careless-owners/).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-BBC2015_6-0)** ["'Cool' Russian rocket installed in Wiltshire garden"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-wiltshire-32842534). *[BBC News](/source/BBC_News)*. [BBC](/source/BBC). Retrieved 26 May 2015.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** Roudakov, Alexander S., Semenov, Vyacheslav L., Hicks, John W. "Recent Flight Test Results of the Joint CIAM-NASA Mach 6.5 Scramjet Flight Program." NASA Technical Reports Server, August 8, 2018. Accessed March 3, 2021. [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980137604](https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980137604).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** Roudakov, Alexander S., Semenov, Vyacheslav L., Hicks, John W. "Recent Flight Test Results of the Joint CIAM-NASA Mach 6.5 Scramjet Flight Program." NASA Technical Reports Server, August 8, 2018. Accessed March 3, 2021. [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980137604](https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980137604).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Alexander Roudakov, Vyacheslav Semenov, Valeriy Kopchenov and John Hicks. "Future flight test plans of an axisymmetric hydrogen-fueled scramjet engine on the Hypersonic Flying Laboratory," AIAA 1996-4572. Space Plane and Hypersonic Systems and Technology Conference. November 1996. Accessed March 3, 2021. [https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/6.1996-4572](https://arc.aiaa.org/doi/10.2514/6.1996-4572).

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Kholod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kholod) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kholod?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.