# Keiskamma River

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River in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Keiskamma River Keiskammarivier general view of Keiskammahoek where the sources of the Keiskamma River lie Location of the Keiskamma River mouth Etymology Meaning "sweet water" in the Khoekhoe language Location Country South Africa Province Eastern Cape Province Physical characteristics Source Near Keiskammahoek • location Amatola Mountains • elevation 1,500 m (4,900 ft) Mouth Indian Ocean • location Near Hamburg • coordinates 33°17′0″S 27°29′20″E / 33.28333°S 27.48889°E / -33.28333; 27.48889 • elevation 0 m (0 ft) Length 160 km (99 mi) Basin features Tributaries • right Tyhume

The **Keiskamma River** ([Afrikaans](/source/Afrikaans_language): *Keiskammarivier*) is a river in the [Eastern Cape Province](/source/Eastern_Cape_Province) in [South Africa](/source/South_Africa). The river flows into the [Indian Ocean](/source/Indian_Ocean) in the Keiskamma Estuary, located by Hamburg Nature Reserve, near [Hamburg](/source/Hamburg%2C_Eastern_Cape),[1] midway between [East London](/source/East_London%2C_Eastern_Cape) and [Port Alfred](/source/Port_Alfred). The Keiskamma flows first in a southwestern and then in a southeastern direction after meeting its main tributary, the [Tyhume River](/source/Tyhume_River).[2]

The Keiskamma River marked the border between the [Cape Province](/source/Cape_Province) and former British [Kaffraria](/source/Kaffraria), known also then as Queen Adelaide's Province, until 1847.[3]

Presently this river is part of the [Mzimvubu to Keiskamma Water Management Area](/source/Mzimvubu_to_Keiskamma_Water_Management_Area).[4]

## Ecology

There is a small population of the [endangered](/source/Endangered) [Eastern Province rocky](/source/Eastern_Province_rocky) *(Sandelia bainsii)* in the [Tyhume River](/source/Tyhume_River), part of the Keiskamma river basin.[5]

## Dams

- [Sandile Dam](/source/Sandile_Dam)

## See also

- [List of rivers of South Africa](/source/List_of_rivers_of_South_Africa)

- [List of estuaries of South Africa](/source/List_of_estuaries_of_South_Africa)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** [Integrated Management Plan for the Hamburg Nature Reserve](http://www.ecparks.co.za/downloads/Hamburg%20SMP_%20October%202006.pdf)[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*]

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["South African Estuaries - Keiskamma"](https://web.archive.org/web/20061008000238/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/estuary/catch/keiskamma.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/estuary/catch/keiskamma.html) on 8 October 2006. Retrieved 26 March 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** [The Kat River Rebellion by the Khoe and Cape Creoles in the Eastern Cape](http://cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za/2010/02/08/the-kat-river-rebellion-by-the-khoe-and-cape-creole-in-the-eastern-cape/)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** [Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?](http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext)

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** [Sandelia bainsii](http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/19889/all)

## External links

- [Keiskamma River Catchment (South Africa)](http://www.climanet.uni-oldenburg.de/research/study-regions/keiskamma-river) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20151022162105/http://www.climanet.uni-oldenburg.de/research/study-regions/keiskamma-river) 22 October 2015 at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine)

- [Towns of historical interest in the 'kei](http://www.wildcoast.co.za/node/112)

- [Cape slavery heritage](http://cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za/category/kat-river-rebellion/)

- [The carcass of Huberta, the Keiskamma River Hippopotamus (Apr 1931)](https://web.archive.org/web/20140301114040/http://eng.hrosi.org/show_pic.php?name=obr%2F0729.jpg&popisek=The+carcass+of+Huberta%2C+the+Keiskamma+River+%28Apr%26nbsp%3B1931%29)

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Keiskamma River](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiskamma_River) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiskamma_River?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.