# Kasranids

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{{short description|Branch of the Shirvanshahs}}
{{Infobox family
| parent_family = [Yazidids](/source/Yazidids)
| founded = [991](/source/991)
| founder = [Yazid ibn Ahmad](/source/Yazid_ibn_Ahmad)
| dissolution = 1382
| final_ruler = [Hushang of Shirvan](/source/Hushang_of_Shirvan)
| other_families = [Yazidids](/source/Yazidids)<br>[Sharvashidze](/source/House_of_Sharvashidze)<br>[Darbandids](/source/Darbandids)
| titles = [Shirvanshah](/source/Shirvanshah)<br>[Emir of Derbent](/source/Emirate_of_Derbent)
}}The '''Kasranids''' ({{langx|fa|سلسله کسرانی}}) were a branch of the [Shirvanshahs](/source/Shirvanshahs), who ruled the [Shirvan](/source/Shirvan) region for 387 years. The word "Kasra" was derived from legendary king [Kai Khosrow](/source/Kai_Khosrow) of [Iran](/source/Iran), reflecting a shift in naming tradition from [Arabic](/source/Arabic) to [Persian](/source/Persian_people) and it was part of an effort to break with their Arabic roots by claiming to be successors of the [Sasanians](/source/Sasanians) and the [Kayanian dynasty](/source/Kayanian_dynasty).

==Reign==
[Yazid II of Shirvan](/source/Yazid_II_of_Shirvan) was accepted as the last of the [Mazyadid dynasty](/source/Yazidids) and first of the Kasranids. He fathered eight children, five of which are named according to Persian customs.{{sfn|Minorsky|1958|p=116}} The Kasranids managed to establish alliances with the [Bagrationi](/source/Bagrationi) dynasty by marriage and with the [Emirate of Derbent](/source/Emirate_of_Derbent) (whose line they would eventually absorb into the crown). They survived main powers in the region, notably the [Seljuqs](/source/Seljuqs), the [Ilkhanate](/source/Ilkhanate), the [Chupanids](/source/Chupanids), and lastly, the [Jalayirids](/source/Jalayirids) as a vassal or tributary state. [Shirvanshah Hushang](/source/Shirvanshah_Hushang) was the last member of Kasranids. They were succeeded by [House of Derbent](/source/House_of_Derbent), which was a junior branch of the Kasranids itself. [Shervashidze](/source/House_of_Shervashidze) is thought to be an early junior branch of Kasranids.<ref>{{in lang|fr}} Les dynasties de la Caucasie chrétienne de l’Antiquité jusqu’au XIXe siècle ; Tables généalogiques et chronologiques, Rome, 1990.</ref>

==Family tree==
Rulers are shown with crown. Notable dynastic alliances are shown.
{{Tree list}}
*15px [Yazid ibn Ahmad](/source/Yazid_ibn_Ahmad) (991 – 1027) (m. a daughter of a ruler of [Shabaran](/source/Shabaran).{{sfn|Minorsky|1958|p=63; 87}})
** Anushirwan (d. {{circa|1025}})
**15px [Manuchihr I](/source/Manuchihr_I_of_Shirvan) (1027 – 1034) (m. Sitt b. [Fadl](/source/Fadl_ibn_Muhammad))
***Hormuzd, [Tabasaranshah](/source/Principality_of_Tabasaran) (d. 9 April 1065)
**15px [Ali II](/source/Ali_II_of_Shirvan) (1034 – 1043) (m. Sitt b. [Fadl](/source/Fadl_ibn_Muhammad))
**15px [Qubad](/source/Qubad_of_Shirvan) (1043 – 1049)
** [Shamkuya](/source/Shamkuya) (m. [Abd al-Malik II of Derbent](/source/Abd_al-Malik_II_of_Derbent) in December 1035, d. October 1067, [Gulistan](/source/Gulustan_Fortress_(Shamakhi)))
** Ahmad ibn Yazid
***15px [Ali III](/source/Ali_III_of_Shirvan)
**15px [Sallar](/source/Sallar_of_Shirvan) (1050 – 1063) (m. a daughter of [Abu'l-Aswar Shavur ibn Fadl](/source/Abu'l-Aswar_Shavur_ibn_Fadl))
*** Guzdaham (d. 1072)
***15px [Fariburz I](/source/Fariburz_I) (1063 – 1096) (m. a daughter of Tokku of [Sarir](/source/Sarir))
****15px [Manuchihr II](/source/Manuchihr_II_of_Shirvan) (1096 – 1106)
****15px [Afridun I](/source/Afridun_I) (1106–1120)
*****15px [Manuchihr III](/source/Manuchihr_III_of_Shirvan) (1120 – 1160) (m. [Tamar](/source/Tamar%2C_daughter_of_David_IV_of_Georgia))
******15px [Akhsitan I](/source/Akhsitan_I) ({{circa|1160}} – 1204) (m. ‘Ismatu’d-Din Safwatud-Din Safwat’l-Islam)
*******Fariburz
*******Iljik
*******Manuchihr ({{floruit|1188}})
******15px [Afridun II](/source/Afridun_II) ({{circa|1160}})
******15px [Shahanshah](/source/Shahanshah_(Shirvanshah)) ({{circa|1180}} – 1203)
******15px [Farrukhzad I](/source/Farrukhzad_I) ({{circa|1187-1203}} – 1225)
*******15px [Garshasp](/source/Garshasp_I_of_Shirvan) (d. 1234)
********15px [Fariburz III](/source/Fariburz_III) (1225 – 1255)
*********15px [Akhsitan II](/source/Akhsitan_II) (1255 – 1260)
**********15px [Farrukhzad II](/source/Farrukhzad_II) (1260 – {{circa|1282}})
***********15px [Akhsitan III](/source/Akhsitan_III) (1282 – 1294)
************ Siamerk
************15px [Key Kavus I](/source/Keykavus_I_(Shirvanshah)) ({{circa|1294}} – 1397)
***********15px [Key Qubad](/source/Kayqubad_I_of_Shirvan) ({{circa|1317}} – 1348)
************15px [Kavus or Keykavus II](/source/Kavus_I) (1348 – 1372)
*************Nodar ({{floruit|1357}})
*************15px [Hushang](/source/Hushang_of_Shirvan) (1372 – 1382)
************ [Sultan Muhammad](/source/Prince_Sultan_Muhammad) — ancestor of [Darbandid](/source/House_of_Derbent) branch, governor of [Derbent](/source/Derbent), father of [Ibrahim I{{sfn|Minorsky|1958|p=130}}](/source/Ibrahim_I_of_Shirvan)
******** Jalal al-Din Sultanshah ({{floruit|1226}})
******* [Rashid](/source/Prince_Rashid_ibn_Farrukhzad) ({{floruit|1221-1225}})
****** ''Ancestor of [House of Sharvashidze](/source/House_of_Sharvashidze)''
** [Mamlan ibn Yazid](/source/Mamlan_ibn_Yazid) (d. 24 February 1067)
{{Tree list/end}}
==Legacy==
The Kasranid kings were patrons of arts. [Malu castle](/source/Malu_castle) was erected by order of [Shirvanshah Salar](/source/Shirvanshah_Salar). [Siniggala mosque](/source/Muhammad_Mosque_(Baku)) was one of the major works completed during the reign of [Shirvanshah Fariburz](/source/Shirvanshah_Fariburz). [Pir Husayn Khanqah](/source/Pir_Huseyn_Khanqah), one of the most unusual buildings of Shirvan architecture, was built under order of [Shirvanshah Afridun I](/source/Shirvanshah_Afridun_I). The Gates of [Baku](/source/Baku) were constructed during the reign of [Shirvanshah Manuchehr III](/source/Shirvanshah_Manuchehr_III). His son, [Akhsitan I](/source/Akhsitan_I_ibn_Minuchihr_III) continued building several castles and making reforms among [Round tower of Mardakan](/source/Round_Castle_(Mardakan)), [Quadrangular tower of Mardakan](/source/Quadrangular_castle_(Mardakan)), [Ramana Tower](/source/Ramana_Tower). He was also responsible for changing the capital from [Shamakhy](/source/Shamakhy) to [Baku](/source/Baku) after a devastating earthquake in 1192 (it has remained a prominent city in the region and is now the capital of [Azerbaijan](/source/Azerbaijan)).

Many poets, including [Nizami](/source/Nizami_Ganjavi), [Khaqani](/source/Khaqani), [Arif Ardabili](/source/Arif_Ardabili), [Falaki Shirvani](/source/Falaki_Shirvani), [Jamal Khalil Shirvani](/source/Jamal_Khalil_Shirvani), lived in the court of Kasranids.

==Popular media==
[Ilgar Aliyev](/source/Ilgar_Aliyev), an [Azerbaijani](/source/Azerbaijani_people) writer, published an historical fiction novel ''The Secret and the Key'' in 2012, which alluded to the lives of [Shirvanshah Manuchehr III](/source/Shirvanshah_Manuchehr_III) and his family. The novel was dedicated to [Nizami Ganjavi](/source/Nizami_Ganjavi)'s 870th jubilee.<ref>{{in lang|az}} [http://azertag.az/xeber/Iki_abidenin_sirri_ve_achari_Sirr_ve_acharda-193339 İki abidənin sirri və açarı "Sirr və açarda" - Azertag.az]</ref> [Aliyev](/source/Aliyev) claimed that Majnun was a son of [Akhsitan I](/source/Akhsitan_I_ibn_Minuchihr_III) and Layla, a daughter of a wali of Baku. The novel goes on to claim that [Nizami](/source/Nizami_Ganjavi) wrote [Layla and Majnun](/source/Layla_and_Majnun) in their honor and that the Maiden Tower was built in memory of Majnun. The novel received criticism because there is little historical evidence for these claims.<ref>{{in lang|az}} [http://www.anl.az/down/meqale/azerbaycan/azerbaycan_oktyabr2009/93321.htm A new legend of Maiden Tower, or misinterpreted facts? ]</ref>

The Kasranids are a playable dynasty in both Crusader Kings II and Crusader Kings III.

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Sources ==

* {{cite book |last=Minorsky |first=Vladimir |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GPMHVEt_wVUC |title=A History of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th Centuries |publisher=University of Michigan |year=1958 |isbn=978-1-84511-645-3 |pages=1–219}}
{{Shirvanshahs}}

Category:Shirvanshahs

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Kasranids](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasranids) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasranids?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.