# Kaiping
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{{Short description|County-level city in Guangdong, China}}
{{About|the county-level city in Guangdong|the district of Tangshan, Hebei|Kaiping District|the ancient city in Inner Mongolia|Shangdu|former county in Liaoning|Gaizhou}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Kaiping
|official_name =
|native_name = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|开平市}}}}
|other_name = Hoiping
|postal_code = 529300
|postal_code_type = [Postal code](/source/Postal_code_of_China)
|pushpin_label_position = top
|pushpin_map = China Guangdong
|pushpin_map_caption = Location of the Kaiping city centre in Guangdong
|pushpin_mapsize = 250
|seat = Changsha Subdistrict ({{lang|zh-hans|长沙街道}})
|seat_type = County seat
|settlement_type = [County-level city](/source/County-level_city)
|image_skyline = European Style Street.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = Dixi Road in [Chikan, Kaiping](/source/Chikan%2C_Kaiping)
|image_map = Location_of_Kaiping_within_Guangdong_(China).png
|map_caption = Location of Kaiping City Centre (red) in Kaiping (pink), Guangdong province, and the PRC
|mapsize = 250px
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = People's Republic of China
|subdivision_type1 = [Province](/source/Province_(China))
|subdivision_name1 = [Guangdong](/source/Guangdong)
|subdivision_type2 = [Prefecture-level city](/source/Prefecture-level_city)
|subdivision_name2 = [Jiangmen](/source/Jiangmen)
|area_code = 0750
|area_total_km2 = 1659
|population_as_of = 2020 census
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_total = 748,777
|coordinates = {{coord|22.3773|N|112.6982|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-44_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
|elevation_ft =
|elevation_m =
|timezone = [China Standard](/source/China_Standard_Time)
|utc_offset = +8
|website = {{URL|www.kaiping.gov.cn/}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|s={{linktext|开平}} |t={{linktext|開平}} |p=Kāipíng |w=K'ai1-p'ing2 | mi={{IPAc-cmn|k|ai|1|p|ing|2}} |j=Hoi1-ping4 | ci={{IPAc-yue|h|oi|1|-|p|ing|4}} |toi=Hoi3-pen6{{nbsp}}(local) |psp=Hoiping
|showflag=toip |order=st }}
'''Kaiping''' ({{zh|t=開平|s=开平}}), [alternately](/source/postal_map_romanization) [romanized](/source/romanization_of_Chinese) in [Cantonese](/source/Cantonese) as '''Hoiping''',{{efn|The Postal Map romanization is based on the local [Cantonese pronunciation](/source/Cantonese_language). Other romanizations include '''Kae Ping'''.{{sfnp|Bolton & al.|1941|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=6irEoGgDrm4C&pg=PA262 262]}}}} in local dialect as '''Hoihen''', is a [county-level city](/source/county-level_city) in [Guangdong](/source/Guangdong) [Province](/source/provinces_of_China), China. It is located in the western section of the [Pearl River Delta](/source/Pearl_River_Delta) and administered as part of the [prefecture-level city](/source/prefecture-level_city) of [Jiangmen](/source/Jiangmen). The surrounding area, especially [Sze Yup](/source/Sze_Yup) ({{lang|zh|四邑}}), are often venerated with the title "''[qiaoxiang](/source/Qiao'xiang)''" (侨乡), for they are the ancestral homelands of many [overseas Chinese](/source/overseas_Chinese), particularly in the [United States.](/source/Chinese_Americans)[{{Cite book|title=Social organization in South China, 1911-1949: the case of the Kuan lineage in K'ai-p'ing county|last=Woon|first=Yuen-fong|publisher=Center for Chinese Studies, University of Michigan|year=1984|isbn=0-89264-051-0|location=Ann Arbor, MI}}] Kaiping has a population of 748,777 as of 2020 and an area of {{convert|1,659|km2}}.[{{Cite web |title=China: Guăngdōng (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/guangdong/admin/ |access-date=2024-10-30 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}][{{Cite web|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/gd/07_55.html |title=Profile of Kaiping |access-date=2008-07-12 | language = zh-hans |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100118135323/http://www.xzqh.org/html/gd/07_55.html |archive-date=January 18, 2010 }}] The locals speak a variant of the [Sze Yup dialect](/source/Sze_Yup_dialect).
==History==
During the [Northern Song dynasty](/source/Northern_Song_dynasty) (960–1127), Kaiping was under the administration of Xin'an county ({{lang|zh-hant|信安縣}})[{{lang|zh-hant|廣東省廣州市佛山地區韶關地區沿革地理}} [Administration alteration of Guangzhou, Foshan and Shaoguan]]{{full citation needed|date=October 2018}}
Under the [Qing](/source/Qing_Empire) (1649), {{nowrap|'''Hoiping County'''}} made up part of the [commandery](/source/fu_(administrative_division)) of [Shiuhing](/source/Zhaoqing) (Zhaoqing).{{sfnp|Bolton & al.|1941|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=6irEoGgDrm4C&pg=PA262 262]}}
From 1649 to 1949, the administration centre of Kaiping was Cangcheng ({{lang|zh-Hant-CN|蒼城鎮}}). From 1950 to 1953, the administration center moved to Chikan ({{lang|zh-Hant-CN|赤磡鎮}}). Since 1953, the administration center is Sanbu ({{lang|zh-Hant-CN|三埠鎮}}). It was promoted to [county-level city](/source/county-level_city) status in 1993.
==Administration==
Administratively, Kaiping is administered as part of the [prefecture-level city](/source/prefecture-level_city) of [Jiangmen](/source/Jiangmen).
{| class="wikitable"
! Name
! [Chinese](/source/Chinese_language) ([S](/source/Simplified_Chinese_character))
! [Hanyu Pinyin](/source/Hanyu_Pinyin)
! Population (2010)[{{cite book| author1=Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China| author2=Population and Employment Statistics Division of the National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China | script-title=zh:中国2010人口普查分乡、镇、街道资料|date=2012|publisher=China Statistics Print|location=Beijing|isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2|edition=1}}]
|-
| Sanbu Subdistrict || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|三埠街道}} || Sānbù Jiēdào || 173,100
|-
| Changsha || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|长沙街道}} || Chángshā Jiēdào || 124,829
|-
| Shatang || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|沙塘镇}} || Shātáng Zhèn || 24,667
|-
| Chacheng || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|苍城镇}} || Cāngchéng Zhèn || 26,750
|-
| Longsheng || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|龙胜镇}} || Lóngshèng Zhèn || 26,161
|-
| Dasha || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|大沙镇}} || Dàshā Zhèn || 22,298
|-
| Magang || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|马冈镇}} || Mǎgāng Zhèn || 30,728
|-
| Tangkou || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|塘口镇}} || Tángkǒu Zhèn || 22,626
|-
| [Chikan](/source/Chikan%2C_Kaiping) || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|赤坎镇}} || Chìkǎn Zhèn || 37,260
|-
| Baihe || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|百合镇}} || Bǎihé Zhèn || 17,621
|-
| Xiangang || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|蚬冈镇}} || Xiǎngāng Zhèn || 13,280
|-
| Jinji || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|金鸡镇}} || Jīnjī Zhèn || 16,493
|-
| Yueshan || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|月山镇}} || Yuèshān Zhèn || 46,700
|-
| Chishui || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|赤水镇}} || Chìshuǐ Zhèn || 25,894
|-
| Shuikou || {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|水口镇}} || Shuǐkǒu Zhèn || 90,835
|}
==Geography==
Kaiping's city centre is located on the {{ill|Tanjiang River|zh|潭江}}, {{convert|140|km}} away from [Guangzhou](/source/Guangzhou), on the edge of the county Kaiping west of the [Pearl River Delta](/source/Pearl_River_Delta). Kaiping consists of broken terrain, mostly either rocky or swampy, with only a third of the land arable.[{{cite web |url=http://data.cma.cn/data/weatherBk.html |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data |publisher=[China Meteorological Administration](/source/China_Meteorological_Administration) |language = zh-hans |access-date=28 May 2023}}][
{{cite web|url=https://experience.arcgis.com/template/e724038fda394e9d9b7921f10fd1aa55/page/%E7%BA%AF%E8%A1%A8%E6%A0%BC%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1-(%E5%AF%B9%E6%AF%948110%E5%8F%98%E5%8C%96)/?org=UQmaps |script-title=zh:中国气象数据网|publisher=[China Meteorological Administration](/source/China_Meteorological_Administration) |language = zh-hans | access-date =28 May 2023}}]
}}
==Notable people==
* [Wing-tsit Chan](/source/Wing-tsit_Chan): Chinese American scholar
* [Ed Chau](/source/Ed_Chau): member of the [California State Assembly](/source/California_State_Assembly)
* [George Chow](/source/George_Chow): member of the [Legislative Assembly of British Columbia](/source/Legislative_Assembly_of_British_Columbia)
* [Yun Gee](/source/Yun_Gee): Chinese American artist
* [Víctor Joy Way](/source/V%C3%ADctor_Joy_Way): Chinese Peruvian politician
* [Betty Kwan Chinn](/source/Betty_Kwan_Chinn): Chinese American philanthropist
* [Lee Quo-wei](/source/Lee_Quo-wei) (利國偉) (1918–2013): former Hong Kong banker
* [Liang Xiang](/source/Liang_Xiang) (梁湘): former Governor of [Hainan](/source/Hainan) province
* [Betty Ong](/source/Betty_Ong): American flight attendant aboard [American Airlines Flight 11](/source/American_Airlines_Flight_11)
* [Jean Quan](/source/Jean_Quan): former mayor of [Oakland, California](/source/Oakland%2C_California)
* [Bing Thom](/source/Bing_Thom): Chinese Canadian architect and urban designer
* [Szeto Wah](/source/Szeto_Wah) (司徒華) (1931–2011): Hong Kong politician
* [Delbert E. Wong](/source/Delbert_E._Wong): Los Angeles County jurist who was the first judge in the continental United States of Chinese descent
* [Ken Hom](/source/Ken_Hom): Chinese-American chef, BBC TV presenter, and author [{{Cite web|url=http://kenhom.com/|title=Ken Hom | Ken Hom's official web site|date=12 June 2014|accessdate=11 March 2023}}]
* [Jessica Soho](/source/Jessica_Soho), Filipino news anchor, correspondent and TV host of ''[Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho](/source/Kapuso_Mo%2C_Jessica_Soho)'' who traces her paternal grandfather's ancestral roots at [Hoiping](/source/Hoiping) County, [Guangdong](/source/Guangdong), China
==Sights==
===Kaiping Diaolou ===
{{main|Kaiping Diaolou}}
''Kaiping Diaolou''s ({{lang|zh-hans|碉楼}}) are fortified multi-storey towers constructed in the village countryside of mainly the Kaiping area. They were built from the early [Qing dynasty](/source/Qing_dynasty) to the early 20th century, reaching a peak in the 1920s and 1930s, with the financial aid of [overseas Chinese](/source/overseas_Chinese), when there were more than three thousand of these structures. Today, 1,833 ''diaolou'' are still standing, with the most in the towns of Shuikou ({{lang|zh-hans|水口镇}}), Tangkou ({{lang|zh-hans|塘口镇}}), Baihe ({{lang|zh-hans|百合镇}}), Chikan ({{lang|zh-hans|赤坎镇}}), and Xiangang ({{lang|zh-hans|蚬冈镇}}), in that order (see map in article by Batto).[{{cite journal |last1=Batto |first1=Patricia R.S. |title=The Diaolou of Kaiping (1842-1937): Buildings for dangerous times |url=https://chinaperspectives.revues.org/1033 |journal=China Perspectives |access-date=25 May 2017 |language=en |translator-first=Jonathan |translator-last=Hall |date=July–August 2006 |volume=2006 |issue=66 |doi=10.4000/chinaperspectives.1033 |quote=...the diaolou were built in the countryside, in villages and on the initiative of the peasants themselves. Contrary to normal expectations, thanks to emigration we can see a certain "cosmopolitanism" among the peasants in Kaiping... the diaolou are the epitome of overseas Chinese culture, embodied in stone.|doi-access=free }}]
In the late 19th and early 20th century, Kaiping was a region of major emigration abroad, and a melting pot of ideas and trends brought back by [overseas Chinese](/source/overseas_Chinese), ''Huaqiao'', made good.[{{cite book|last1=Pan|first1=Lynn|author-link=Lynn Pan|title=[The Encyclopedia of the Chinese Overseas](/source/The_Encyclopedia_of_the_Chinese_Overseas)|date=1999|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, MA|isbn=0674252101|pages=28–29}}] The ''diaolou'' were built by villagers during a time of chaos and served two purposes: housing and protecting against forays by bandits.[{{cite web|title=Kaiping Diaolou and Villages|url=https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1112.pdf|website=UNESCO World Heritage Convention|access-date=25 May 2017|date=2007}}]
The Kaiping diaolou was the location for parts of the filming of 2010 movie ''[Let the Bullets Fly](/source/Let_the_Bullets_Fly)'' ({{lang|zh-hans|让子弹飞}}).[{{cite web|title=Kaiping "Diaolou" - Location of "Let the Bullets Fly"|url=http://english.cri.cn/6566/2010/12/03/1881s608371.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101208211429/http://english.cri.cn/6566/2010/12/03/1881s608371.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 8, 2010|website=CRI english|access-date=27 May 2017|date=December 2010}}]
Kaiping September 2007.jpg|Ruishi Lou in Jinjiangli
Majianglong Diaolou.jpg|Majianglong Diaolou
Zili Village Yunhuan Lou 0005.jpg|Diaolou cluster at Zilicun
南樓.JPG|Nan Lou in Chikan
Examples of diaolous include:
* Yinglonglou ({{lang|zh|迎龙楼}}), oldest extant diaolou in Kaiping, in the village of Sanmenli (Chikan township) built by the Guan ({{lang|zh|关族}}) lineage during the Jiajing era of the Ming dynasty (1522–1566), is a massive three-storey fortress with one-meter thick walls, in contrast with the high tower diaolou built much later with the aid of Huaqiao.[{{cite web|title=Families who've lived in old Chinese town for generations being kicked out to make way for tourists|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/economy/article/2106677/families-whove-lived-old-chinese-town-generations-being-kicked|website=South China Morning Post|access-date=4 October 2017|date=28 August 2017|author-last1=He|author-first1=Huifeng}}]
==Miscellaneous==
Kaiping has been twinned with [Mesa, Arizona](/source/Mesa%2C_Arizona), United States, since October 18, 1993.
Kaiping was a major source of emigrants at the turn of the 20th century. As a result, a large number of early Chinese Canadian and Chinese American communities had people who originated from Kaiping and its neighboring counties of [Taishan](/source/Taishan%2C_Guangdong), Enping and Xinhui, which is known collectively as [Sze Yup](/source/Sze_Yup). It is said that there are more Kaipingnese people living abroad today than there are Kaipingnese in Kaiping. In a 2016 report, Deloitte estimated that there are 750,000 Kaiping-born overseas Chinese.[{{cite web|last1=Deloitte 德勤|title=Research Report on Investment Environment Kaiping, Guangdong|url=https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/kr/Documents/china-business-center/2016/kr_cbc_investment_guangdong-kaiping_en_201612.pdf|website=deloitte.com|date=2016}}]
In 1973, various people originated from Kaiping started the [Hoi Ping Chamber of Commerce Secondary School](/source/Hoi_Ping_Chamber_of_Commerce_Secondary_School) in [Hong Kong](/source/Hong_Kong).
==Notes==
{{Notelist}}
==References==
===Citations===
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
4. < 廣東省廣州市佛山地區韶關地區沿革地理》(history and geographical cha es of Guangzhou region, Foshan region and Shaoguan region)
===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |author-last1=Bolton |author-first1=Kingsley |author-first2=Christopher |author-last2=Hutton|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6irEoGgDrm4C |title=Triad and Tabut: A Survey of the Origin and Diffusion of Chinese and Mohamedan Secret Societies in the Malay Peninsula, A. D. 1800-1935|series=Triad Societies|volume=5|editor-first1=Mervyn Llwewlyn |editor-last1=Wynne |display-editors=0 |publisher=Routledge |location=Abingdon |orig-year=1941 |year=2000|isbn=9780415243971 |ref={{harvid|Bolton & al.|1941}} }}, reprinted 2000.
* {{cite book|trans-title=Historical Geography of the Foshan and Shaoguan Regions of Guangzhou in Guangdong Province|title={{lang|zh-hant|廣東省廣州市佛山地區韶關地區沿革地理|italics=no}}|author1=Zhu Peng|publisher=學林出版社|year=1984|language=zh}}
==External links==
{{Commons category|Kaiping}}
{{Wikivoyage|Kaiping}}
* [http://www.kaiping.gov.cn/ Kaiping government website]
* [https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/nominations/1112.pdf UNESCO World Heritage Convention: Kaiping Diaolou and Villages]
* [https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/kr/Documents/china-business-center/2016/kr_cbc_investment_guangdong-kaiping_en_201612.pdf Deloitte 德勤: Research Report on Investment Environment - Kaiping, Guangdong 2016]
* [http://english.kaiping.gov.cn/gover_affair.asp?InfoId=1205&ClassId=72 Kaiping Press Release for future high speed rail station] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406165517/http://english.kaiping.gov.cn/gover_affair.asp?InfoId=1205&ClassId=72 |date=2016-04-06 }}
{{County-level divisions of Guangdong}}
{{Towns in Jiangmen}}
{{Pearl River Delta}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Kaiping
Category:World Heritage Sites in China
Category:Jiangmen
Category:County-level cities in Guangdong
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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Kaiping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiping) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaiping?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.