# KQL

> Mediated Wiki article. Canonical URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/KQL
> Markdown URL: https://mediated.wiki/source/KQL.md
> Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KQL
> Source revision: 1301947640
> License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)

Radio station in Los Angeles, California (1921–1922)

For Kusto Query Language, see [Azure Data Explorer](/source/Azure_Data_Explorer).

Cover letter prepared by J. F. Dillon, 6th district Radio Inspector for the U.S. Commerce Department, summarizing Arno A. Kluge's application for a radio station license to broadcast "radio telephone concerts and data on a wavelength of 360 meters".[1]

**KQL** was a radio station, located in [Los Angeles, California](/source/Los_Angeles%2C_California), that was licensed to Arno A. Kluge from October 13, 1921 to June 9, 1922. This was the first broadcasting station licensed in the state of California,[2] and one of the first in the United States. However, the station was short-lived, because Kluge died just 21⁄2 months after it was authorized.

## History

KQL was first licensed as a broadcasting station to Arno A. Kluge on October 13, 1921,[3] at 1045 South Bixel Street in Los Angeles. At this time Kluge was well established as a radio experimenter and equipment retailer. During World War One he had served as a Signal Corps instructor at the [University of Nebraska](/source/University_of_Nebraska%E2%80%93Lincoln), which gave him experience with the recently developed [vacuum tube](/source/Vacuum_tube) transmitters that made audio transmissions practical. However, an earlier electrical accident resulted in a progressive deterioration of his spine.[4] After the war he moved to Los Angeles, now largely confined to a chair and housebound due to paralysis of his legs.[5]

In 1920, he was issued a standard amateur radio station license, with the call sign 6DF,[6] in addition to an Experimental station license, 6XN, that was jointly held with A. H. McClelland and J. B. Farrington.[7] Kluge was credited with being the second in the southern California region to transmit audio radio programs, initially over 6XN.[8] In the fall of 1921, he applied for an Experimental radio license in his own name. His application also requested authorization to broadcast "radio telephone concerts and data on a wavelength of 360 meters". Because these were separate functions, Arno was issued two different licenses: an Experimental license with the call sign 6XAO,[9] plus a Limited Commercial authorization on October 13, 1921, with the randomly assigned call sign of KQL, for broadcasting on 360 meters (833 kHz).[10] (The license for 6XAO was deleted a couple of months later.)[11]

A November 1, 1921, advertisement for the Wiley B. Allen Company referenced broadcasts of phonograph records in conjunction with KQL.[12]

There were no formal standards in the United States regarding radio transmissions intended for the general public until December 1, 1921, when the Department of Commerce, which regulated radio at this time, adopted a regulation creating a broadcasting station category. These stations were required to hold a Limited Commercial license authorizing operation on 360 or 485 meters.[13] KQL was among a small number of stations that already met this standard at the time of its adoption, and was the only one located west of the Mississippi River. However, Kluge's health was deteriorating[4] and KQL's fledgling broadcasting activities came to an abrupt end with his death, at the age of 23, on December 31, 1921.[5]

Although now inactive, KQL continued to appear on [broadcasting station lists](/source/List_of_AM-band_radio_station_lists_issued_by_the_United_States_government) until its license was canceled on June 9, 1922,[14] with 6XN deleted the same month.[15] Today, [KWG](/source/KWG_(AM)) in [Stockton](/source/Stockton%2C_California) is the oldest surviving radio station in California.

## See also

- [List of initial AM-band station grants in the United States](/source/List_of_initial_AM-band_station_grants_in_the_United_States)

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** This cover letter is included in the KQL station folder archived in "Deleted broadcast license files (1921–1927), Accession# 52-A-51 - Box 4 of 8" as part of the "United States Department of Commerce: Bureau of Navigation (Radio Division)" holdings. Retrieved from the Washington National Records Center, National Archives and Records Administration.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** There had been numerous earlier broadcasts made in California by stations operating under Experimental licenses, most prominently by [Charles Herrold](/source/Charles_Herrold) in San Jose beginning in 1912, and, beginning in 1920, by [Lee de Forest](/source/Lee_de_Forest)'s [6XC](/source/KZY) in San Francisco. (["Voices Out of the Fog" by John Schneider](https://bayarearadio.org/sf-radio-history/articles)) However, KQL was the first in the state to match the formal definition of a broadcasting station — a station which had been issued a Limited Commercial license that specified operation on a wavelength of 360 meters — which was adopted by Department of Commerce regulators effective December 1, 1921.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["New Stations: Commercial land stations, alphabetically by names of stations"](https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510008420257&view=1up&seq=260), *Radio Service Bulletin*, November 1, 1921, page 2.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-wikitree_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-wikitree_4-1) ["Arno Kluge Dies in California"](https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Kluge-92), *Ravenna (Nebraska) News*, January 6, 1922 (reprint)

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-obituary_5-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-obituary_5-1) ["Obituary: Arno A. Kluge"](https://archive.org/details/RadioV4/page/n197/mode/1up), *Radio* magazine, March 1922, page 33.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Sixth District: Kluge, A. A."](https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b3221805&view=1up&seq=76), *Amateur Radio Stations of the United States* (Edition June 30, 1920), page 68: The "6" in 6DF's call sign indicated that the station was located in the 6th radio inspection district.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["New Stations: Special Land Stations"](https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510008420257&view=1up&seq=112), *Radio Service Bulletin*, October 1, 1920, page 4: The "X" in 6XN's call sign indicated the station was operating under an Experimental license.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Development of Radio Telephone and C.W. in Southern California"](https://archive.org/details/PacificRadioNews/page/n595/mode/1up), *Radio* magazine, November 1921, page 149.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["New Stations: Special Land Stations"](https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510008420257&view=1up&seq=261), *Radio Service Bulletin*, November 1, 1921, page 3.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** Limited Commercial license, serial #238, issued October 13, 1921, to Arno A. Kluge in Los Angeles, California for a one year term.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-03JAN1922_11-0)** ["Alterations and Corrections: Special Land Stations"](https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510008420257&view=1up&seq=292), *Radio Service Bulletin*, January 3, 1922, page 10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** [Wiley B. Allen Company](https://archive.org/details/sim_los-angeles-times_the-los-angeles-times_1921-11-01_40/page/n2/mode/1up) (advertisement), *Los Angeles Times*, November 1, 1921, page 3.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Alterations and Corrections: Miscellaneous"](https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510008420257&view=1up&seq=292), *Radio Service Bulletin*, January 3, 1922, page 10.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Alterations and Corrections: Broadcasting Stations. by Call Signals"](https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510008420257&view=1up&seq=421), *Radio Service Bulletin*, July 1, 1922, page 9.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["Alterations and Corrections: Special Land Stations by names of stations"](https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.319510008420257&view=1up&seq=422), *Radio Service Bulletin*, July 1, 1922, page 10.

v t e Radio stations in the Los Angeles, California, metropolitan area By AM frequency 570 610 6401 710 740 790 830 870 900 930 980 1020 10701 1110 1150 1190 1220 KHTS KTMZ 1230 1260 1280 1300 1330 1380 1390 1430 1460 1470 1480 1540 1580 1600 16302 1650 By FM frequency 87.73 88.1 88.5 KCSN KSBR 88.7 KISL KSPC 88.9 KTLW KUCI KXLU 89.3 89.9 90.1 90.7 91.5 92.3 92.7 93.1 93.5 93.9 94.3 KBUA KEBN 94.7 95.5 95.9 96.3 96.7 97.1 97.9 98.3 98.7 99.5 100.3 101.1 101.9 102.3 102.7 103.1 KDLD KDLE 103.5 103.9 104.3 105.1 105.5 105.9 106.3 106.7 107.1 107.5 107.9 LPFM 96.7 97.5 99.1 KBUU-LP KLBP-LP KLDB-LP KTPC-LP KZUT-LP 100.7 101.5 KFQM-LP KGFI-LP KOCI-LP KOCL-LP KQBH-LP KQSG-LP KZKA-LP KZNQ-LP 104.7 KQEV-LP KRQL-LP KSXA-LP KXRN-LP Translator 88.9 90.3 98.3 99.1 NOAA Weather Radio frequency 162.4 162.45 162.525 162.55 Digital radio by frequency & subchannel 740 1260 88.1-1 88.1-2 88.1-3 KCSN 88.5-1 88.5-2 88.5-3 KSBR 88.5-1 88.5-2 88.5-3 89.3-1 89.3-2 89.9-1 89.9-2 91.5-1 92.3-1 92.3-2 92.7-1 92.7-2 92.7-3 93.1-1 93.1-2 93.1-3 93.5-1 93.9-1 93.9-2 94.7-1 94.7-2 94.7-3 95.5-1 95.5-2 95.5-3 97.1-1 97.1-2 97.1-3 97.9-1 97.9-2 98.3-1 98.7-1 98.7-2 99.1-1 99.1-2 99.1-3 100.3-1 100.3-2 100.3-3 101.1-1 101.1-2 101.9-1 101.9-2 101.9-3 101.9-4 102.3-1 102.7-1 103.5-1 103.5-2 103.9-1 103.9-2 103.9-3 104.3-1 104.3-2 105.1-1 105.1-2 105.1-3 105.1-4 105.9-1 105.9-2 106.3-1 106.3-2 106.3-3 106.7-1 106.7-2 107.5-1 107.5-2 107.5-3 107.5-4 107.9-1 107.9-2 107.9-3 107.9-4 By call sign K205EP K212FA K252FO K256CX KABC KAHZ KAIA-FM KALI KALI-FM HD2 HD3 KAVL KAZN KBIG HD2 KBLA KBRT KBUA KBUE KBUU-LP HD2 HD3 KCBS-FM HD2 HD3 KCLA-LP KCRW HD2 KCSN HD2 HD3 KDAY KDLD KDLE KEBN KEIB KFI1 KFRN KFQM-LP KFWB KGAP-LP KGBN KGFI-LP KHJ KHPY KHTS KIIS-FM KISL KJLH KKGO-FM HD2 HD3 HD4 KKJZ HD2 HD3 KKLA-FM KKLQ HD2 HD3 KLAA KLAC KLAX-FM HD2 KLBP-LP KLDB-LP KLLI HD2 KLOS HD2 HD3 KLTX KLVE HD2 HD3 HD4 KMPC KMRB KMZT KNX1 KNX-FM HD2 HD3 KOCI-LP KOCL-LP KOSS KOST HD2 KPCC HD2 KPFK KPWR HD2 KQBH-LP KQEV-LP KQSG-LP KRCD HD2 HD3 KRCV KRLA KROQ-FM HD2 KRQL-LP KRRL HD2 KRTH HD2 KSAK KSBR HD2 HD3 KSCA HD2 HD3 HD4 KSPA KSPC KSPN KSSE KSXA-LP KTLW KTMZ KTNQ KTPC-LP KTWV HD2 HD3 KTYM KUCI KUSC KUTY KWIZ KWKW KWVE KWVE-FM HD2 HD3 HD4 KWO37 KXLU KXOL-FM KXRN-LP KYLA HD2 HD3 KYPA KYSR HD2 KZKA-LP KZNO-LD3 KZNQ-LP KZUT-LP WWG21 WNG584 WZ2505 "KCHUNG"2 Internet God's House of Hip Hop Radio Mix93fm Radio Rock On Defunct KBPK (90.1 FM) KFAC (1330 AM) KFI-FM (105.9 FM) KFSG (1150 AM) KFXM-LP (98.3 FM) KHBG-LP (101.5 FM) KMET (94.7 FM) KNAC (105.5 FM) KNHS (89.7 FM) KOG (833 AM) KPPC (1240 AM) KQL (833 AM) KQLZ (100.3 FM) KROQ (1500 AM) KSFV-CA4 KSXS-LP (107.9 FM) KYJ (833 AM) Radio stations in Greater Los Angeles Los Angeles Lancaster-Palmdale Oxnard-Ventura Riverside-San Bernardino Other nearby regions Bakersfield San Diego Santa Barbara Victor Valley/Barstow See also List of radio stations in California Mass media in Los Angeles Radio stations TV stations Newspapers Notes 1. Clear-channel stations with extended nighttime coverage. 2. Notable Part 15 station. 3. Audio from channel 6 TV station 4. Formerly audio for TV channel 6 (Religious)

---
Adapted from the Wikipedia article [KQL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KQL) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KQL?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.