# K. M. Chandy

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Indian Freedom Fighter, Indian politician (1921–1998)

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Kizhakkayil Mathai Chandy Prof. K. M. Chandy 8th Governor of Madhya Pradesh In office 30 December 1987 – 30 March 1989 Chief Minister Motilal Vora Arjun Singh Preceded by Narayan Dutta Ojha (Acting) Succeeded by Sarla Grewal In office 15 May 1984 – 30 November 1987 Chief Minister Arjun Singh Motilal Vora Preceded by B. D. Sharma Succeeded by Narayan Dutta Ojha (Acting) 6th Governor of Gujarat In office 6 August 1983 – 26 April 1984 Chief Minister Madhav Singh Solanki Preceded by Sharda Mukherjee Succeeded by Braj Kumar Nehru 7th Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry In office 15 May 1982 – 5 August 1983 Chief Minister M. D. R. Ramachandran Preceded by R.N. Haldipur Succeeded by Kona Prabhakara Rao President of the Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee In office January 1978 – May 1982 Preceded by K. C. Abraham Succeeded by S. Varadarajan Nair Member of the Travancore State Legislature Assembly In office 1948–1951 Member of the Travancore–Cochin Legislative Assembly In office 1952–1957 Personal details Born Kizhakkayil Mathai Chandy (1921-08-06)6 August 1921 Pala, Travancore, British India (Now in Kerala, India) Died 7 September 1998(1998-09-07) (aged 77) Lisie Hospital, Ernakulam, Kerala, India Party Indian National Congress Spouse Mariakutty Chandy ​ (m. 1939)​ Children 10 Alma mater St. Berchmans College University College Thiruvananthapuram Occupation Politician Professor (St. Thomas College, Palai) Website www.kmchandy.org As of 11 July 2020 Source: [1]

In this [Indian name](/source/Indian_name), the name *Kizhakkayil Mathai* is a [patronymic](/source/Patronymic), and the person should be referred to by the [given name](/source/Given_name), *Chandy*.

**Kizhakkayil Mathai Chandy** (6 August 1921 – 7 September 1998) was an Indian [Freedom fighter](/source/Freedom_fighter), [Indian National Congress](/source/Indian_National_Congress) leader, Member of the [Travancore–Cochin](/source/Travancore%E2%80%93Cochin) Legislative Assembly who also served as the [governor](/source/Governor_(India)) of the [Indian](/source/India) states of [Gujarat](/source/Gujarat), [Madhya Pradesh](/source/Madhya_Pradesh) and the Union Territory of [Pondicherry](/source/Puducherry_(city)). From 1948 to 1951, he served as a member of the [Travancore](/source/Travancore) State Legislature. From 1952 to 1954, he served as a [M.L.A.](/source/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)) in the [Travancore-Cochin](/source/Travancore-Cochin) Legislative Assembly. He was also the former president of [Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC)](/source/Kerala_Pradesh_Congress_Committee) and chairman of [Rubber Board](/source/Rubber_Board).

He was elected unanimously to the [State Legislature](/source/1952_Travancore-Cochin_Legislative_Assembly_election) after [Independence](/source/Independence_of_India) at the age of 26 and he was re-elected in 1952 and 1954. Chandy was mainly responsible for the establishment and growth of many big co-operative institutions in [Kerala](/source/Kerala). The first ever [Youth Congress Unit](/source/Indian_Youth_Congress_(Socialist)) was started by him in the year 1953. He founded the Meenachil Co-operative Land Mortgage Bank. He was also the [Founder](/source/Organizational_founder) of the Palai Co-operative Marketing Society. The Kerala State Rubber Marketing Federation was founded by him in 1971. He founded the Indian Rubber Growers Association in 1966. The present [B. Tech. Course](/source/B._Tech) in [rubber technology](/source/Rubber_technology) in the [Cochin University](/source/Cochin_University_of_Science_and_Technology) is his brainchild. It was at his insistence that India joined the Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC). He led a large number of delegations from India to conferences of International Rubber Study Group, Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (ANRPC), International Rubber Research Development Board held at [London](/source/London), [Kuala Lumpur](/source/Kuala_Lumpur), [Bangkok](/source/Bangkok), [Singapore](/source/Singapore), etc. from 1972 to 1978.[1]

## Early life

K. M. Chandy was born on 6 August 1921 at [Pala](/source/Pala%2C_Kerala) in [Kottayam](/source/Kottayam) District as the son of Mariyam and Mathai of the Kizhakkayil family. He had three younger brothers including Pala K.M. Mathew (Former [Member Of Parliament](/source/Member_of_parliament%2C_Lok_Sabha)) and a sister.[2] He had his schooling in his home town [Palai](/source/Pala%2C_Kerala) and College education at [St. Berchmans College Changanacherry](/source/St._Berchmans_College) and [Trivandrum](/source/University_College_Thiruvananthapuram). He completed his [M.A.](/source/Master_of_Arts) in English Language and [literature](/source/Literature) in 1942.

## Personal life

He was married to Mariakutty Chandy in the year 1939 at the age of 18. They have eight sons and two daughters.[3]

## Path into Politics and Advocacy

Chandy's entry into the world of politics was marked by youthful zeal and an unwavering commitment to justice. During his tenure as an intermediate student at St. Berchman's College in [Changanacherry](/source/Changanacherry), he exhibited extraordinary leadership. At age of 17, he orchestrated a courageous student's strike protest. This protest was in response to a brutal lathi charge on students in [Trivandrum](/source/Trivandrum) who had gathered to express their support for [State Congress](/source/Indian_National_Congress) leaders. He and a few of his companions though expelled from the College had to be taken back unconditionally following a mass [Satyagraha](/source/Satyagraha) at the college gates.

**Tagore Academy**
 *Left to right:-* [Prof.K.M. Chandy](/source/K.M._Chandy_(politician)) (3rd row, 3rd), [K. R. Narayanan](/source/K._R._Narayanan) (2nd row, 7th), [Stalwart G. Ramachandran](/source/G._Ramachandran_(social_reformer))(1st row, 4th), [K.P. Hormis](/source/K._P._Hormis)  (1st row, 3rd)

As he pursued his Honours course in English literature at [University College](/source/University_College_Thiruvananthapuram) [Trivandrum](/source/Trivandrum), Chandy played a pivotal role in the establishment of the "Tagore Academy". This institution, founded under the guidance of the esteemed Gandhian leader Shri [G. Ramachandran](/source/G._Ramachandran_(social_reformer)), aimed to infuse education with nationalist ideals. They discussed [Gandhian](/source/Gandhian) ideology, [nationalism](/source/Indian_nationalism), [Tagore](/source/Rabindranath_Tagore) literature and Tagore's poems. Mr. Chandy could manage to enroll several students, who were not involved in politics in Tagore Academy. [K. R. Narayanan](/source/K._R._Narayanan) (Former [President of India](/source/President_of_India)) was one among them.

Sir [C. P. Ramaswami Iyer](/source/C._P._Ramaswami_Iyer) (Sir CP) was the Diwan of Travancore and he ruled the kingdom with iron fist. The Diwan sensed the danger from the activity of the academy and banned "Tagore Academy" in 1942 due to its association with fostering patriotic sentiments among students and youth.[4]

## Involvement in the Freedom Movement

The year 1946 marked a significant turning point in Chandy's life, as he immersed himself in the fervor of the freedom movement. Serving as the Secretary of the [Meenachil](/source/Meenachil) Taluk Congress Committee, his ardor for political activism attracted the attention of the state government.

In mid-April 1946, Prof. K.M. Chandy received two orders from magistrates, one from the [Thiruvananthapuram](/source/Thiruvananthapuram) magistrate and the other from the [Kottayam](/source/Kottayam) magistrate, both banning him from organizing public meetings and processions. Despite the orders, Prof. Chandy defiantly attended a protest meeting in [Pala](/source/Pala%2C_Kerala). Subsequently, another Congress meeting was convened in Pala. In July, Prof. Chandy, along with Mr. [Kumbalathu Sanku Pillai](/source/Kumbalathu_Sanku_Pillai), Mr. [C. Kesavan](/source/C._Kesavan), Mr. G. Nilakanta Pillai, Mr. [Ponkunnam Varkey](/source/Ponkunnam_Varkey), Mr. [D. C. Kizhakemuri](/source/D._C._Kizhakemuri), Mr. [Cherian J. Kappan](/source/Cherian_J._Kappan), and Mr. Mathew Manniankadan, were arrested from [Pala](/source/Pala%2C_Kerala).

Prof. Chandy was arrested for violating prohibitory orders and was denied bail by the [Pala](/source/Pala%2C_Kerala) court. Subsequently, he was transferred to [Kottayam](/source/Kottayam), where he remained in lockup until he obtained bail from the [high court](/source/Kerala_High_Court). However, after two weeks, he was arrested again under preventive custody rules and sent to [Poojappura Central Jail](/source/Central_Prison%2C_Poojappura) in Thiruvananthapuram. Upon his arrival at the central jail, he found Congress leaders such as Mr. [C. Kesavan](/source/C._Kesavan), Mr. [Kumbalathu Sanku Pillai](/source/Kumbalathu_Sanku_Pillai), and Mr. G. Nilakanda Pillai already imprisoned. Prof. Chandy, being the youngest among the prisoners at only 24 years old, had the opportunity to interact closely with senior leaders during his imprisonment.

The authorities decided to bring Prof. Chandy to [Kottayam](/source/Kottayam) to stand trial in court. He was kept in Kottayam Sub Jail for two months, sharing a cell with Mr. Thankappan and Mr. Sugunanthan, [Communist](/source/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)%2C_Kerala) workers suspected of involvement in the [Punnapra-Vayalar uprising](/source/Punnapra-Vayalar_uprising). They became friends, and Prof. Chandy had the chance to acquaint himself with several Communist leaders during his stay at [Kottayam](/source/Kottayam) prison, including Mr. K.C. Mathew and Mr. [P. S. Sreenivasan](/source/P._S._Sreenivasan). In November, Prof. Chandy was convicted and sentenced to one and a half years in prison. He was then again moved to [Thiruvananthapuram Central Jail](/source/Central_Prison%2C_Poojappura).

On 15 August 1947 [India](/source/India) gained [independence](/source/Independence_Day_(India)), and the prisoners along with Chandy celebrated this occasion in jail. However, since [Travancore](/source/Travancore) had not yet become part of [independent India](/source/Independent_India), political prisoners were not released. After [Sir C. P. Ramaswami Iyer](/source/C._P._Ramaswami_Iyer) secretly resigned and left the [Travancore Kingdom](/source/Travancore_Kingdom), all political prisoners were eventually released. Prof. K.M. Chandy regained his [freedom](/source/Freedom) in September 1947.

## Political Ascent and Legislative Journey

The [Travancore State Congress](/source/Travancore_State_Congress) was established in February 1938 under the presidency of Shri [Pattom A. Thanu Pillai](/source/Pattom_A._Thanu_Pillai). Shri K.M. Chandy entered Travancore politics at the age of 17 in 1938. Along with other young Congress leaders, he advocated for joining the [Indian union](/source/Dominion_of_India). In September 1947, a new [Diwan](/source/List_of_Diwans_of_Travancore) formed a fifteen-member committee to draft a new Constitution for the state and propose the formation of a representative legislature. Shri Chandy proposed amending the objective to "a [sovereign government](/source/Sovereign_government) elected by the people of Travancore."

When it was time to select Congress candidates for the new assembly, the [Meenachil Taluk](/source/Meenachil) Congress committee suggested Mr.Chandy's name. Consequently, Shri K.M. Chandy was elected unopposed from the [Poonjar](/source/Poonjar) constituency. On 14 March 1948 the first people's ministry of [Travancore](/source/Travancore) came into existence, with Shri. [Pattom A. Thanu Pillai](/source/Pattom_A._Thanu_Pillai) as the [Prime Minister](/source/Travancore%E2%80%93Cochin). The [Pattom ministry](/source/Pattom_A._Thanu_Pillai) lasted only eight months and resigned on 10 October 1948. A new ministry under Shri [T.K. Narayana Pillai](/source/Paravoor_T._K._Narayana_Pillai) took oath on 23 October 1948.

In 1949, after the merger of [Travancore](/source/Travancore) and [Cochin](/source/Kingdom_of_Cochin) princely states with the [Indian Union](/source/Dominion_of_India), the two existing assemblies were amalgamated into the [Travancore-Cochin](/source/Travancore-Cochin) assembly, and on 1 July 1949 the new ministry with Shri [T.K. Narayan Pillai](/source/Paravoor_T._K._Narayana_Pillai) as Chief Minister took office. On 26 January 1952 the [Indian Republican](/source/India) [constitution](/source/Constitution_of_India) came into effect, leading to the reconstitution of legislative and parliamentary constituencies in Travancore-Cochin. In March 1952, [general elections](/source/1952_Travancore-Cochin_Legislative_Assembly_election) for the newly constituted legislative assembly took place, and Prof. K.M. Chandy contested and was elected. The Shri [A.J. John](/source/A.J._John) ministry resigned on 23 September 1953, necessitating new general elections. In 1954, new [general elections](/source/1954_Travancore-Cochin_Legislative_Assembly_election) were held, and Prof. Chandy contested from [Meenachil](/source/Meenachil) constituency, winning with a comfortable majority of 6154 votes. He became the [Chief Whip](/source/Chief_Whip) of the [Congress](/source/Indian_National_Congress) parliamentary party.

On 1 November 1956 the [Kerala](/source/Kerala) state was established. In March 1957, [Legislative Assembly election](/source/1957_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election) were held for the state assembly. Party asked Prof. Chandy to contest from [Puliyannoor](/source/Puliyannoor) constituency. His detractors had taken it as an opportunity to defeat him. The big land owners and religious group had believed that the rise of Prof. Chandy would affect their [feudal](/source/Feudal) hegemony over the public. They all joined with the single [agenda](/source/Agenda-setting_theory) of defeating the progressive youth politician Prof. Chandy. The success of Prof. Chandy in this [area](/source/Pala%2C_Kerala) actually surprised them. Despite their concerted efforts, Prof. Chandy's surprising [popularity](/source/Popularity) in the area led to a closely contested [election](/source/1957_Kerala_Legislative_Assembly_election), which he lost by a margin of merely 600 votes.[5]

## Significant Contributions to Meenachil Taluk([Pala](/source/Pala%2C_Kerala)) and Social Advocacy

Continuing his efforts for the welfare of [Meenachil](/source/Meenachil) taluk, Prof. Chandy played a pivotal role in upgrading the current Pala [government hospital](/source/Government_hospital) to a Taluk hospital with enhanced facilities, including [Civil surgeon](/source/Civil_surgeon), [Assistant surgeons](/source/Surgeon's_assistant) and [gynecologist](/source/Gynecologist). New facilities including pay wards had been built and [X-ray](/source/X-ray) imaging facility had been created in the hospital. One of Prof. Chandy's greatest accomplishments as an [M.L.A](/source/Member_of_the_Legislative_Assembly_(India)) was constructing a [bridge](/source/Bridge) over the [Meenachil River](/source/Meenachil_River), which significantly improved connectivity between north and south region for the [Pala town's](/source/Pala%2C_Kerala) residents. The major part of [Pala town's](/source/Pala%2C_Kerala) town had remained flooded during [monsoon](/source/Monsoon) season. The town roads were raised to mitigate flooding.

Additionally, Prof. Chandy, along with [Cherian J. Kappan](/source/Cherian_J._Kappan), initiated several [aided high schools](/source/Voluntary_aided_school) in [Meenachil](/source/Meenachil) taluk. He also facilitated the electrification of most parts of [Meenachil](/source/Meenachil) taluk, thereby boosting its agricultural and commercial activities. The Pala market had been developed during his tenure. Shri K.M. Chandy was responsible for obtaining sanction and permission for starting Pala [St.Thomas College](/source/St._Thomas_College%2C_Palai).[6]

His imprint extended beyond legislative duties to encompass membership in the inaugural State Planning Board. Additionally, he played a prominent part in the State Minimum Wages [Advisory Board](/source/Advisory_Board), where he contributed to the formulation of equitable minimum wage standards across diverse industries. Long before the [Indian National Trade Union Congress](/source/Indian_National_Trade_Union_Congress) (INTUC) was established, Chandy's pioneering efforts led to the organization and leadership of [Trade Unions](/source/Trade_Unions) under the banner of "THOZHILALI".

## Influence on Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee (KPCC)

Chandy's commitment to the Congress Party was profound and enduring. His influence within the [Kerala Pradesh Congress Committee](/source/Kerala_Pradesh_Congress_Committee) (KPCC) was instrumental in shaping the party's trajectory in the state. He embarked on a journey within the ranks of the KPCC in 1948, a journey that spanned decades and left an indelible mark on the party's history.

[Prof.K.M.Chandy](/source/K.M._Chandy_(politician)) along with [K. Karunakaran](/source/K._Karunakaran) having a conversation with [Indira Gandhi](/source/Indira_Gandhi)

He assumed the mantle of [General Secretary](/source/General_Secretary) of the KPCC from 1963 to 1967, a period marked by his strategic vision and organizational acumen. Chandy's leadership was characterized by a commitment to democratic processes within the party, even in times when committee sizes were far more modest than they are today. He played a pivotal role in guiding the KPCC through challenges and charting a course aligned with the party's principles.

Chandy's dedication extended to financial stewardship as he assumed the role of [Treasurer](/source/Treasurer) of the KPCC from 1967 to 1972. His ability to manage party finances with transparency and integrity bolstered the party's credibility among its supporters and the public at large.[7]

## Reviving Congress in Kerala

In January 1978, Chandy resigned from the [Chairmanship](/source/Chairmanship) of the [Rubber Board](/source/Rubber_Board) to take up the challenge of revitalizing the image of the [Congress Party](/source/Indian_National_Congress) in Kerala. At a time when many had distanced themselves from [Indira Gandhi](/source/Indira_Gandhi)'s leadership, Chandy undertook the task of rejuvenating the party's fortunes. His leadership played a pivotal role in the resurgence of the Congress in Kerala after a prolonged hiatus.

Under his stewardship, the Congress triumphantly returned to power in [Kerala](/source/Kerala), marking a significant victory for the party. This resurgence was a testament to Chandy's strategic prowess, organizational skills, and deep-rooted connection with the people of Kerala.[8]

[Prof.K.M.Chandy](/source/K.M._Chandy_(politician)) with leaders of [Kerala](/source/Kerala) including [K. Karunakaran](/source/K._Karunakaran)

[Prof.K.M.Chandy](/source/K.M._Chandy_(politician)) with [Indira Gandhi](/source/Indira_Gandhi) and [Kerala](/source/Kerala) Leaders

## Indira Gandhi's Vision and Trust

[Prof.K.M.Chandy](/source/K.M._Chandy_(politician)) is with [Indira Gandhi](/source/Indira_Gandhi)

[Indira Gandhi](/source/Indira_Gandhi) attending a procession with [Prof.K.M.Chandy](/source/K.M._Chandy_(politician)) during her visit in [Kerala](/source/Kerala)

[Prof.K.M.Chandy](/source/K.M._Chandy_(politician)) with [Indira gandhi](/source/Indira_gandhi) when she visited [Kerala](/source/Kerala)

[Prof.K.M.Chandy](/source/K.M._Chandy_(politician)) and [Indira Gandhi](/source/Indira_Gandhi) having a conversation

Throughout his tenure as a governor, Chandy remained true to his principles of transparency, accountability, and service. His ability to align his governance with the ideals of progress and social justice resonated deeply with Mrs. [Indira Gandhi](/source/Indira_Gandhi)'s own vision for India. It was this alignment that led her to entrust him with these important responsibilities.[9]

## A Statesman's Path and the Role of Governor

[Prof.K.M.Chandy](/source/K.M._Chandy_(politician)) in Conversation with [Mother Teresa](/source/Mother_Teresa)

Chandy's journey within the [Congress Party](/source/Indian_National_Congress) culminated in a role as a statesman. He was appointed as a governor by [Indira Gandhi](/source/Indira_Gandhi), the [Prime Minister of India](/source/Prime_Minister_of_India).

### Pondicherry: Navigating a Unique Territory

Taking on the role of [Lieutenant Governor of Pondicherry](/source/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Pondicherry) on 15 May 1982, Chandy stepped into the challenge of overseeing this [Union Territory](/source/Union_Territory). He navigated the intricate landscape of governance, addressing the specific needs of [Pondicherry](/source/Puducherry_(city))'s populace and working towards the upliftment of the region.

### Gujarat: Guiding a Vibrant State

On 6 August 1983 Chandy assumed the mantle of [Governor of Gujarat](/source/Governor_of_Gujarat). This role placed him at the helm of a dynamic and industrially significant state. During his tenure, he exhibited a keen understanding of Gujarat's diverse socio-economic fabric and guided the state towards progress and harmony.

### Madhya Pradesh: Championing Reform

From 15 May 1984 to 30 March 1989, Chandy served as the [Governor of Madhya Pradesh](/source/Governor_of_Madhya_Pradesh). Here, he embarked on a transformative journey to reform and rectify the [educational system](/source/Educational_system). His commitment to eliminating corrupt practices and ensuring the integrity of [university](/source/University) examinations left an indelible mark on the state's academic landscape.

## Death

On 7 September 1998 Prof. K.M Chandy passed away, leaving behind a legacy that encompasses his contributions to [co-operatives](/source/Co-operatives), [education](/source/Education), [politics](/source/Politics), and his roles as a [governor](/source/Governor). His life story, his contributions had an impact throughout [Kerala](/source/Kerala) and beyond.[10]

## Biographies

He couldn't complete his [autobiography](/source/Autobiography) titled "Jeevitha Vazhiyorakazhchakal" due to his sudden death, but later it was published by [Labour (India) publications](/source/Labour_India) in 1999 after his death.

A [biography](/source/Biography) on him titled "Varika Varika Sahajare" was written by Pala K.M. Mathew published by [Current Books](/source/Current_Books_(Malayalam)) in 2009.[11][12][13][14][15]

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Gov_1-0)** ["Prof. K.M. Chandy"](https://rajbhavan.gujarat.gov.in/honorable-governors/past-governor-details.aspx?PastGovernerId=uIfBz7leFSEhqkvrPWKcEA==). Rajbhavan Gujarat (Govt. of Gujarat). Retrieved 16 May 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** ["Genealogy of Prof. K.M. Chandy"](http://www.genealogy.rocksea.org/familygroup.php?familyID=F45&tree=roots). *Roots-The Kerala Christian Family Tree*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** ["Prof. K.M. Chandy(personal details)"](http://www.genealogy.rocksea.org/getperson.php?personID=I490&tree=roots). Roots. Retrieved 12 June 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-4)** ["Leadership on Student Satyagraha"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoanIYDaTGQ&list=LL&index=73&t=10s). Asianet News Channel. Retrieved 21 August 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** ["Prof. K.M. Chandy(Travancore legislative History)"](https://kmchandy.org). KM CHANDY FOUNDATION. Retrieved 21 August 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** ["Prof. K.M. Chandy(St.Thomas College History)"](https://www.stcp.ac.in/history_profile.php#:~:text=Founded%20in%201950%2C%20St.,their%20destinies%20in%20diverse%20spheres.). Retrieved 11 February 2024.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** ["Kpcc leadership"](https://kmchandy.org). KM CHANDY FOUNDATION. Retrieved 21 August 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-8)** ["Political Life of Prof.k.m chandy"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jxGn25xPgKI&list=LL&index=71). Manorama News Channel. Retrieved 21 August 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** ["Prof. K.M. Chandy's Connection with Indira Gandhi on Asianet News"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YoanIYDaTGQ&list=LL&index=73&t=10s). Asianet News Channel. Retrieved 21 August 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-10)** ["Prof. K.M. Chandy(Life History)"](https://kmchandy.org). KM CHANDY FOUNDATION. Retrieved 21 August 2023.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-11)** ["Prof. K.M. Chandy"](https://governor.mp.gov.in/chandy.aspx). Rajbhavan Madhya Pradesh (Govt. of Madhya Pradesh). Retrieved 16 May 2012.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-12)** ["Three instances when Governors didn't buckle under pressure"](https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/three-instances-when-governors-didnt-buckle-under-pressure). National Herald India. Retrieved 9 December 2019.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** ["Interview with Prof. KM Chandy (Freedom fighter, Congress leader, MLA, State Governor)"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QlaCPwg0y8I). *[YouTube](/source/YouTube)*.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** ["Bio-data of Prof.K.M Chandy"](https://kmchandy.org/). Prof.K.M Chandy Foundation. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** ["K.M. Chandy award for best rubber grower"](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/K.M.-Chandy-award-for-best-rubber-grower/article15781417.ece). *The Hindu*. 15 October 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.

v t e Governors of Madhya Pradesh Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya Hari Vinayak Pataskar K. Chengalaraya Reddy P. V. Dixit (acting) K. Chengalaraya Reddy Satya Narayan Sinha N. N. Wanchu C. M. Poonacha B. D. Sharma G. P. Singh (acting) B. D. Sharma G. P. Singh (acting) B. D. Sharma Kizhekethil Chandy Narayan Dutta Ojha (acting) Kizhekethil Chandy Sarla Grewal M. A. Khan Mohammad Shafi Qureshi Bhai Mahavir Ram Prakash Gupta Lt. Gen. K. M. Seth (acting) Krishna Mohan Seth Balram Jakhar Rameshwar Thakur Ram Naresh Yadav Om Prakash Kohli (acting) Anandiben Patel Lalji Tandon Anandiben Patel Mangubhai C. Patel

v t e Governors of Gujarat Mehdi Nawaz Jung Nityanand Kanungo P. N. Bhagwati Shriman Narayan P. N. Bhagwati Kambanthodath Vishwanatham Sharda Mukherjee Kizhekethil Chandy Braj Kumar Nehru R. K. Trivedi Mahipal Shastri Sarup Singh Naresh Chandra Krishna Pal Singh Anshuman Singh K. G. Balakrishnan* Sunder Singh Bhandari Kailashpati Mishra Balram Jakhar* Nawal Kishore Sharma S. C. Jamir Kamla Beniwal Margaret Alva* Om Prakash Kohli Acharya Devvrat *Acting

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