# Justin S. Morrill

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American politician (1810–1898)

Justin S. Morrill Morrill, 1855–65 United States Senator from Vermont In office March 4, 1867 – December 28, 1898 Preceded by Luke P. Poland Succeeded by Jonathan Ross Chairman of the House Republican Conference In office March 4, 1863 – March 3, 1867 Speaker Schuyler Colfax Preceded by Office established Succeeded by Robert C. Schenck and Nathaniel P. Banks (1869) Chairman of the House Committee on Ways and Means In office March 4, 1865 – March 3, 1867 Preceded by Thaddeus Stevens Succeeded by Robert C. Schenck Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Vermont's 2nd district In office March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1867 Preceded by Andrew Tracy Succeeded by Luke P. Poland Personal details Born (1810-04-14)April 14, 1810 Strafford, Vermont, US Died December 28, 1898(1898-12-28) (aged 88) Washington, D.C., US Party Whig (before 1855) Republican (from 1855) Spouse Ruth Barrell Swan (1821–1898) Children 2 Profession Businessman Signature

**Justin Smith Morrill** (April 14, 1810 – December 28, 1898) was an American politician and entrepreneur who represented [Vermont](/source/Vermont) in the [United States House of Representatives](/source/United_States_House_of_Representatives) (1855–1867) and [United States Senate](/source/United_States_Senate) (1867–1898). He is most widely remembered for [Morrill Land-Grant Acts](/source/Morrill_Land-Grant_Acts) that provided federal funding for establishing many of the United States' public colleges and universities following a movement led by [Jonathan Baldwin Turner](/source/Jonathan_Baldwin_Turner). He is also remembered for the [Morrill Tariff](/source/Morrill_Tariff). Originally a [Whig](/source/Whig_Party_(United_States)), after that party became defunct Morrill was one of the founders of the [Republican Party](/source/Republican_Party_(United_States)).[1]

A native of [Strafford, Vermont](/source/Strafford%2C_Vermont), Morrill was educated in the schools of Strafford, [Thetford Academy](/source/Thetford_Academy%2C_Vermont) and [Randolph](/source/Randolph%2C_Vermont) Academy. He worked as a merchant's clerk in Maine and Vermont, then embarked on a business career. In partnership with Jedediah H. Harris, Morrill owned and operated several stores in towns throughout Vermont.[2] The success of his stores enabled Morrill to invest profitably in a farm, banks, railroads, and real estate.

Morrill was active in politics as a Whig, and was elected to Congress in 1854. The party became defunct soon afterwards, and Morrill was a founder of the new Republican Party. He won reelection to the U.S. House every two years from 1856 to 1864, and he served from March 1857 to March 1867. During his House service, Morrill served as chairman of the [Ways and Means Committee](/source/United_States_House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means) and the [House Republican Conference](/source/House_Republican_Conference).

In 1866, Morrill was elected to the U.S. Senate, and he served from March 1867 until his death. During his Senate career, Morrill was chairman of the [Senate Finance Committee](/source/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Finance) and the [Joint Committee on Public Buildings](/source/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Environment_and_Public_Works). Morrill died in [Washington, D.C.](/source/Washington%2C_D.C.), on December 28, 1898. He was buried at Strafford Cemetery.

## Early life

Morrill was born in [Strafford, Vermont](/source/Strafford%2C_Vermont), on April 14, 1810, the son of Mary Hunt (Proctor) Morrill and Nathaniel Morrill, a farmer, blacksmith, and militia leader who attained the rank of [colonel](/source/Colonel_(United_States)).[3] Morrill attended the common schools of Strafford, [Thetford Academy](/source/Thetford_Academy%2C_Vermont) and [Randolph](/source/Randolph%2C_Vermont) Academy.[4] He then trained for a business career by working as a merchant's clerk in Strafford and [Portland, Maine](/source/Portland%2C_Maine). [4] He then was a merchant in Strafford, and the partnership in which he participated with Judge Jedediah H. Harris grew to own and operate four stores throughout the state.[5] Morrill also served in local offices including Town Auditor and Justice of the Peace.[6]

One of Judge Harris's daughters married [Portus Baxter](/source/Portus_Baxter), who also served in Congress. Baxter and Morrill became close friends as a result of the connection to Judge Harris, with Morrill referring to Baxter as "one of nature's noblemen" and Baxter consciously patterning his business and political career on Morrill's.[7]

Morrill invested in several successful ventures, including banks, railroads, and real estate.[8] By the late 1840s he was financially secure enough to retire, and he became a gentleman farmer.[8]

In addition to farming, Morrill became active in the [Whig Party](/source/Whig_Party_(United_States)), including serving as chairman of the [Orange County](/source/Orange_County%2C_Vermont) Whig Committee, a member of the Vermont State Whig Committee, and a Delegate to the [1852 Whig National Convention](/source/1852_Whig_National_Convention).[9]

## Congressional career

Justin Smith Morrill (pictured between 1865 and 1880)

In 1854 Morrill was elected to the [Thirty-fourth Congress](/source/Thirty-fourth_United_States_Congress) as a Whig.[10] He was a founder of the [Republican Party](/source/United_States_Republican_Party), and won reelection five times as a Republican, serving from March 4, 1855, to March 3, 1867.[10] He served as chairman of the [Committee on Ways and Means](/source/U.S._House_Committee_on_Ways_and_Means) in the [Thirty-ninth Congress](/source/Thirty-ninth_United_States_Congress).[10] He also served on the [Joint Committee on Reconstruction](/source/United_States_Congress_Joint_Committee_on_Reconstruction), which drafted the [Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution](/source/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution).

In 1866 Morrill was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Union Republican.[11] He was reelected as a [Republican](/source/Republican_Party_(United_States)) in 1872, 1878, 1884, 1890, and 1896, and served from March 4, 1867, until his death, almost thirty-one years.[11] He served as chairman of the [Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds](/source/U.S._Senate_Committee_on_Public_Buildings_and_Grounds) ([Forty-first](/source/Forty-first_United_States_Congress) through [Forty-fourth Congresses](/source/Forty-fourth_United_States_Congress)) where he played a vital role in obtaining the current [Library of Congress](/source/Library_of_Congress) main building through his work on the Joint Select Committee on Additional Accommodations for the Library.[12] He also served as chairman of the [Committee on Finance](/source/U.S._Senate_Committee_on_Finance) ([Forty-fifth](/source/Forty-fifth_United_States_Congress), [Forty-seventh](/source/Forty-seventh_United_States_Congress) through [Fifty-second](/source/Fifty-second_United_States_Congress), [Fifty-fourth](/source/Fifty-fourth_United_States_Congress) and [Fifty-fifth Congresses](/source/Fifty-fifth_United_States_Congress)).[12] In addition, Morrill was a regent of the [Smithsonian Institution](/source/Smithsonian_Institution) from 1883 to 1898 and a trustee of the [University of Vermont](/source/University_of_Vermont) from 1865 to 1898.[12]

## Legislation

Morrill Hall at [Iowa State University](/source/Iowa_State_University), one of several Morrill Halls at colleges created by the [Morrill Act](/source/Morrill_Act)

The [Morrill Tariff](/source/Morrill_Tariff) of 1861 was a [protective](/source/Protectionism) tariff law adopted on March 2, 1861. Passed after anti-tariff southerners had left Congress during the process of secession, Morrill designed it with the advice of [Pennsylvania](/source/Pennsylvania) economist Henry C. Carey.[13] It was one of the last acts signed into law by [James Buchanan](/source/James_Buchanan), and replaced the [Tariff of 1857](/source/Tariff_of_1857).[14] Additional tariffs Morrill sponsored were passed to raise revenue during the [American Civil War](/source/American_Civil_War).[15]

Morrill is best known for sponsoring the Morrill Act, also known as the [Land Grant College Act](/source/Morrill_Land-Grant_Colleges_Act). This act was signed into law by [Abraham Lincoln](/source/Abraham_Lincoln) in 1862, and established federal funding for higher education in every state of the country. In his own words:

This bill proposes to establish at least one college in every State upon a sure and perpetual foundation, accessible to all, but especially to the sons of toil, where all of needful science for the practical avocations of life shall be taught, where neither the higher graces of classical studies nor that military drill our country now so greatly appreciates will be entirely ignored, and where agriculture, the foundation of all present and future prosperity, may look for troops of earnest friends, studying its familiar and recondite economies, and at last elevating it to that higher level where it may fearlessly invoke comparison with the most advanced standards of the world.

— Justin Smith Morrill, 1862, as quoted by [William Belmont Parker](/source/William_Belmont_Parker), *The Life and Public Services of Justin Smith Morrill*

He also authored the [Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act](/source/Morrill_Anti-Bigamy_Act) of 1862, which targeted [the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints](/source/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints), based on the then-existing practice of [plural marriage](/source/Plural_marriage) ([polygamy](/source/Polygamy#Mormonism)). It imposed a five-hundred dollar fine and up to five years imprisonment for the crime of polygamy. On January 6, 1879, in *[Reynolds v. United States](/source/Reynolds_v._United_States)* the [Supreme Court](/source/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States), upheld the Anti-Bigamy Act's ban on plural marriage.[16][17][18]

While serving in the U.S. House, Morrill secured passage of legislation to establish the [National Statuary Hall Collection](/source/National_Statuary_Hall_Collection) inside the [United States Capitol](/source/United_States_Capitol).[19] Under the provisions of this 1864 law, each state is permitted to provide two statues of noteworthy citizens for display inside the Capitol.[19]

A second Land Grant College Act in 1890 targeted the former [Confederate](/source/Confederate_States_of_America) states and led to the creation of several [historically black colleges and universities](/source/Historically_black_colleges_and_universities).[20]

The Land Grant College Acts ultimately led to the founding of 106 [colleges](/source/List_of_land-grant_universities) including many state universities, polytechnic colleges, and agricultural and mechanical colleges.[21]

## Personal life

Mausoleum of Senator Justin Smith Morrill in Strafford, Vermont

In 1851, Morrill married Ruth Barrell Swan (1822–1898) of [Easton, Massachusetts](/source/Easton%2C_Massachusetts).[22] They had two children. Justin Harris Morrill (1853–1855) died in childhood. James Swan Morrill (1857–1910) graduated from the [University of Vermont](/source/University_of_Vermont) in 1880 and [Columbian College Law School](/source/George_Washington_University_Law_School) in 1882. He was a lawyer and farmer and served in a variety of offices including as a member of the [Vermont House of Representatives](/source/Vermont_House_of_Representatives).[23][24][25][26] He wrote *Self-Consciousness of Noted Persons*, published in 1886.[27]

Morrill died in Washington, D.C. on December 28, 1898.[28] He was buried at Strafford Cemetery.[29]

At the time of Morrill's death his 43 years and 299 days of [continuous Congressional service](/source/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_longevity_of_service#Combined_U.S._Senate_and_U.S._House_time) was the longest in U.S. history. He has since been surpassed, but still ranks 31st as of the end of the [118th Congress](/source/118th_United_States_Congress) (December 2024).

## Legacy

The [Morrill Homestead](/source/Justin_Smith_Morrill_Homestead) in [Strafford, Vermont](/source/Strafford%2C_Vermont)

The [Justin Smith Morrill Homestead](/source/Justin_Smith_Morrill_Homestead) in Strafford is a National Historic Landmark.[30]

Many colleges established under the Morrill Act created a 'Morrill Hall' in his honor.[31]

Morrill was initiated into the [Delta Upsilon](/source/Delta_Upsilon) fraternity as an honorary member in 1864.[32] He received honorary degrees from the [University of Vermont](/source/University_of_Vermont), [University of Pennsylvania](/source/University_of_Pennsylvania), [Dartmouth College](/source/Dartmouth_College), and many other institutions.[33]

Justin Morrill College at [Michigan State University](/source/Michigan_State_University) was named for him.[34]

In 1962, the U.S. Postal Service issued a 4 cent postage stamp to celebrate the centennial of the Morrill Land-Grant College Act. In 1999, the Postal Service issued a 55 cent [Great Americans series](/source/Great_Americans_series) postage stamp of Morrill to honor his role in establishing the land grant colleges.[35]

In 1967 [Ohio State University](/source/Ohio_State_University) opened two residence halls on its campus. Named for Morrill and Abraham Lincoln, they are also known as [The Towers](/source/The_Towers_(Ohio_State)).[36] They are the tallest buildings on the OSU campus, and among the tallest in [Columbus Ohio](/source/Columbus_Ohio).

## See also

- [List of members of the United States Congress who died in office (1790–1899)](/source/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_who_died_in_office_(1790%E2%80%931899))

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** McCarthy, Daniel (May 5, 2008) [Fewer Bases, More Baseball](http://www.amconmag.com/article/2008/may/05/00030/)[Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110430231735/http://amconmag.com/article/2008/may/05/00030/) April 30, 2011, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), *[The American Conservative](/source/The_American_Conservative)*

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Moroney, Siobhan; II, Coy F. Cross (2000). ["Justin Smith Morrill: Father of the Land-Grant Colleges"](https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/369563). *History of Education Quarterly*. **40** (3): 352. [doi](/source/Doi_(identifier)):[10.2307/369563](https://doi.org/10.2307%2F369563). [ISSN](/source/ISSN_(identifier)) [0018-2680](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-2680). [JSTOR](/source/JSTOR_(identifier)) [369563](https://www.jstor.org/stable/369563).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Forbes, Charles Spooner (January 1, 1899). ["Justin Smith Morrill"](https://books.google.com/books?id=Uo8eAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA87). *The Vermonter*. St. Albans, VT: St. Albans Messenger Company. pp. 87–88 – via [Google Books](/source/Google_Books).

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes88_4-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes88_4-1) [Forbes](#CITEREFForbes), p. 88.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-5)** Hiram Carleton, [Genealogical and Family History of the State of Vermont](https://books.google.com/books?id=EmbLSJZgij4C&dq=%22justin+s+morrill%22+harris+partner+four+stores&pg=PA84-IA3) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011820/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmbLSJZgij4C&dq=%22justin+s+morrill%22+harris+partner+four+stores&pg=PA84-IA3) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), Volume 1, 1903, page 83

1. **[^](#cite_ref-6)** Richard Zuczek, [Encyclopedia of the Reconstruction Era](https://books.google.com/books?id=QA3hdQzOVC4C&dq=%22morrill%2C+justin+smith%22+town+auditor&pg=PA422) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011822/https://books.google.com/books?id=QA3hdQzOVC4C&dq=%22morrill,+justin+smith%22+town+auditor&pg=PA422) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), Volume 2, page 422

1. **[^](#cite_ref-7)** [William Belmont Parker](/source/William_Belmont_Parker), [The Life and Public Services of Justin Smith Morrill](https://books.google.com/books?id=7YYhAAAAMAAJ&q=noblemen) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20230725141713/https://books.google.com/books?id=7YYhAAAAMAAJ&q=noblemen) July 25, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), 1924, page 52

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Martinez_8-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Martinez_8-1) Martinez, J. Michael (2019). [*Congressional Lions:Trailblazing Members of Congress and How They Shaped American History*](https://books.google.com/books?id=mX_QDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA44). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. pp. 44–45. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-1-4985-5945-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4985-5945-4) – via [Google Books](/source/Google_Books).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-9)** Alfred Charles True, [A History of Agricultural Education in the United States: 1785–1925](https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_C4Y_AAAAYAAJ/page/n107), 1929, page 95

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes89_10-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes89_10-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes89_10-2) [Forbes](#CITEREFForbes), p. 89.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes89–90_11-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes89–90_11-1) [Forbes](#CITEREFForbes), pp. 89–90.

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes90_12-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes90_12-1) [***c***](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes90_12-2) [Forbes](#CITEREFForbes), p. 90.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-13)** Cynthia Clark Northrup, Elaine C. Prange Turney, [Encyclopedia of Tariffs and Trade in U.S. History](https://books.google.com/books?id=aPrlkDP3OzwC&dq=morrill+tariff+1861&pg=PA265) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011821/https://books.google.com/books?id=aPrlkDP3OzwC&dq=morrill+tariff+1861&pg=PA265) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), 2003, page 265

1. **[^](#cite_ref-14)** Alvin S. Felzenberg, [The Leaders We Deserved (and a Few we Didn't)](https://books.google.com/books?id=k1ZreywJJe0C&dq=morrill+tariff+1861+buchanan&pg=PA190)[*[permanent dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot)*], 2010, page 190

1. **[^](#cite_ref-15)** Bob Navarro, [The Country in Conflict](https://books.google.com/books?id=Kjn2k42dTrYC&dq=justin+morrill+tariffs+civil+war+revenue&pg=PA105) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011819/https://books.google.com/books?id=Kjn2k42dTrYC&dq=justin+morrill+tariffs+civil+war+revenue&pg=PA105) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), 2008, page 105

1. **[^](#cite_ref-16)** Michael S. Durham, [Desert Between the Mountains](https://books.google.com/books?id=yeVUXiqmAEgC&dq=morrill+anti-bigamy+act&pg=PA199) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011820/https://books.google.com/books?id=yeVUXiqmAEgC&dq=morrill+anti-bigamy+act&pg=PA199) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), 1999, page 199

1. **[^](#cite_ref-17)** Richard Neitzel Holzapfel, [The Utah Journey](https://books.google.com/books?id=0gs5r3ACH9IC&dq=morrill+anti-bigamy+act+%24500+fine&pg=PA211) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011821/https://books.google.com/books?id=0gs5r3ACH9IC&dq=morrill+anti-bigamy+act+$500+fine&pg=PA211) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), 2009, page 211

1. **[^](#cite_ref-18)** Gordon Morris Bakken, editor, [Law in the Western United States](https://books.google.com/books?id=zjHQWyttp6QC&dq=polygamy+reynolds+v+united+states&pg=PA292) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011824/https://books.google.com/books?id=zjHQWyttp6QC&dq=polygamy+reynolds+v+united+states&pg=PA292) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), 2000, page 292

1. ^ [***a***](#cite_ref-Statuary_19-0) [***b***](#cite_ref-Statuary_19-1) Historian of the U.S. House of Representatives. ["The Creation of National Statuary Hall"](https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1851-1900/The-Creation-of-National-Statuary-Hall/). *Historical Highlights: July 2, 1864*. Washington, DC: U.S. House of Representatives. [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20220518163729/https://history.house.gov/Historical-Highlights/1851-1900/The-Creation-of-National-Statuary-Hall/) from the original on May 18, 2022. Retrieved June 6, 2022.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-20)** Roger L. Geiger, editor, [History of Higher Education Annual](https://books.google.com/books?id=gJDIpl5Hy0wC&dq=morrill+act+1890+confederate+states&pg=PA81) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011821/https://books.google.com/books?id=gJDIpl5Hy0wC&dq=morrill+act+1890+confederate+states&pg=PA81) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), 1998, page 81

1. **[^](#cite_ref-21)** Epsilon Sigma Phi, [Land Grant Universities](http://espnational.org/about-us/land-grant-universities.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140311085521/http://espnational.org/about-us/land-grant-universities.html) March 11, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), retrieved March 10, 2014

1. **[^](#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEForbes91_22-0)** [Forbes](#CITEREFForbes), p. 91.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-23)** Hiram Carleton, [Genealogical and Family History of the State of Vermont](https://books.google.com/books?id=EmbLSJZgij4C&dq=%22justin+s+morrill%22+harris+partner+four+stores&pg=PA84-IA3) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011820/https://books.google.com/books?id=EmbLSJZgij4C&dq=%22justin+s+morrill%22+harris+partner+four+stores&pg=PA84-IA3) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), Volume 1, 1903, page 85

1. **[^](#cite_ref-24)** Vermont Secretary of State, [Legislative Manual](https://books.google.com/books?id=4KmjAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22james+swan+morrill%22+law+school&pg=PA107) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011823/https://books.google.com/books?id=4KmjAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22james+swan+morrill%22+law+school&pg=PA107) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), 1902, page 107

1. **[^](#cite_ref-25)** Washington Post, James S. Morrill Dead, July 29, 1910

1. **[^](#cite_ref-26)** George Washington University, [General Alumni Catalogue of George Washington University](https://archive.org/stream/generalalumnicat00geor#page/174/mode/2up/search/morrill), 1917, page 174

1. **[^](#cite_ref-27)** This article incorporates text from a publication now in the [public domain](/source/Public_domain): ["Morrill, Justin Smith"](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Morrill,_Justin_Smith). [*The New Student's Reference Work*](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work). 1914. A facsimile of the book is available at [archive.org](https://archive.org/details/selfconsciousne00morr).

1. **[^](#cite_ref-28)** Leonard C. Schlup, James G. Ryan, [Historical Dictionary of the Gilded Age](https://books.google.com/books?id=lhRqUo9HzVwC&dq=%22justin+smith+morrill%22+december+1898&pg=PA321) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011821/https://books.google.com/books?id=lhRqUo9HzVwC&dq=%22justin+smith+morrill%22+december+1898&pg=PA321) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), 2003, page 321

1. **[^](#cite_ref-29)** Inter-state Journal magazine, [The Morrill Mausoleum](https://books.google.com/books?id=hLMaAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22justin+smith+morrill%22+mausoleum&pg=PT85) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011822/https://books.google.com/books?id=hLMaAQAAMAAJ&dq=%22justin+smith+morrill%22+mausoleum&pg=PT85) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), September 1900, page 3

1. **[^](#cite_ref-30)** U.S. Government Printing Office, [House Resolution 1253](https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111hres1253ih/html/BILLS-111hres1253ih.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140310202527/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-111hres1253ih/html/BILLS-111hres1253ih.htm) March 10, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), Commemorating the 200th anniversary of the birth of Vermont Senator Justin Smith Morrill, April 14, 2010

1. **[^](#cite_ref-31)** Robert F. Wilson, [Vermont Curiosities: Quirky Characters, Roadside Oddities & Other Offbeat Stuff](https://books.google.com/books?id=u6-5CAAAQBAJ) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011821/https://books.google.com/books?id=u6-5CAAAQBAJ) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), 2008

1. **[^](#cite_ref-32)** Delta Upsilon fraternity, [The Delta Upsilon Quarterly](https://books.google.com/books?id=Ou4TAAAAIAAJ&dq=justin+morrill+delta+upsilon&pg=PA30) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011820/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ou4TAAAAIAAJ&dq=justin+morrill+delta+upsilon&pg=PA30) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), Volume 11, 1892, page 30

1. **[^](#cite_ref-33)** D. Appleton and Company, [Appleton's Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events](https://books.google.com/books?id=uaRRAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22morrill+justin+smith%22+m.a.+ll.d.&pg=PA559) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20231010011822/https://books.google.com/books?id=uaRRAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22morrill+justin+smith%22+m.a.+ll.d.&pg=PA559) October 10, 2023, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), 1898, page 559

1. **[^](#cite_ref-34)** Michigan State University, College of Arts and Letters, [Justin Morrill College, 1965–1979](http://www.cal.msu.edu/alumni/justin-morrill-info/) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20140310195607/http://www.cal.msu.edu/alumni/justin-morrill-info/) March 10, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), retrieved March 10, 2014

1. **[^](#cite_ref-35)** Cornell University, [Senator Justin S. Morrill: The Land-Grant College Act and Cornell](https://rmc.library.cornell.edu/morrill/MorrillLincoln.html) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20141013225959/http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/morrill/MorrillLincoln.html) October 13, 2014, at the [Wayback Machine](/source/Wayback_Machine), retrieved March 10, 2014

1. **[^](#cite_ref-Ohio_Stadium_(late_1940s)_36-0)** Deitch, Linda (January 9, 2013). ["Due south of Ohio Stadium (late 1940s)"](https://web.archive.org/web/20150411112614/http://www.dispatch.com/content/blogs/a-look-back/2013/01/due-south-of-ohio-stadium-late-1940s.html). Columbus Dispatch. Archived from [the original](http://www.dispatch.com/content/blogs/a-look-back/2013/01/due-south-of-ohio-stadium-late-1940s.html) on April 11, 2015. Retrieved April 5, 2015.

## Further reading

- Cross, Coy F. *Justin Smith Morrill, Father of the Land-Grant Colleges.* Michigan State University Press: 1999. [ISBN](/source/ISBN_(identifier)) [978-0-87013-508-8](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87013-508-8). [online](https://books.google.com/books?id=5NYBqv3E7IMC&dq=Justin+Smith+Morrill:+father+of+the+land-grant+colleges+Coy+F.+Cross&pg=PA9)

- Ross, Earle D. "The 'Father' of the Land-Grant College" *Agricultural History* (1938) 12#2 pp. 151–186 [online](http://www.jstor.org/stable/3739423), on Justin S. Morrill versus [Jonathan Baldwin Turner](/source/Jonathan_Baldwin_Turner) of Illinois on who deserves the most credit.

- Sorber, Nathan M. *Land-grant colleges and popular revolt: The origins of the Morrill Act and the reform of higher education* (Cornell University Press, 2018) [online](https://books.google.com/books?id=gL5RDwAAQBAJ&dq=MORRILL&pg=PT4).

- [*Memorial Address on the Life and Character of Justin S. Morrill.*](https://archive.org/details/memorialaddress01addrgoog/page/n98) Government Printing Office: 1899.

## External links

[Wikisource](/source/Wikisource) has the text of a [1911 *Encyclopædia Britannica*](/source/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition) article about [Justin Smith Morrill](https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Morrill,_Justin_Smith).

- United States Congress. ["Justin S. Morrill (id: M000969)"](http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000969). *[Biographical Directory of the United States Congress](/source/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress)*. Includes *[Guide to Research Collections](http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/guidedisplay.pl?index=M000969)* where his papers are located.

- [Works by or about Justin S. Morrill](https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Morrill%2C%20Justin%20Smith%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Morrill%2C%20Justin%20S%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Morrill%2C%20J%2E%20S%2E%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Justin%20Smith%20Morrill%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Justin%20S%2E%20Morrill%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22J%2E%20S%2E%20Morrill%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Justin%20Smith%20Morrill%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Justin%20S%2E%20Morrill%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22J%2E%20S%2E%20Morrill%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22J%2E%20Smith%20Morrill%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Morrill%2C%20Justin%20Smith%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Morrill%2C%20Justin%20S%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Morrill%2C%20J%2E%20S%2E%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Morrill%2C%20J%2E%20Smith%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Justin%20Smith%20Morrill%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Justin%20S%2E%20Morrill%22%20OR%20title%3A%22J%2E%20S%2E%20Morrill%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Justin%20Smith%20Morrill%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Justin%20S%2E%20Morrill%22%20OR%20description%3A%22J%2E%20S%2E%20Morrill%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Morrill%2C%20Justin%20Smith%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Morrill%2C%20Justin%20S%2E%22%29%20OR%20%28%221810-1898%22%20AND%20Morrill%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29) at the [Internet Archive](/source/Internet_Archive)

- ["An Audacious Act: How a High School Dropout Helped Educate America"](https://web.archive.org/web/20131101085754/http://nepr.net/morrill/) produced by [WFCR New England Public Radio](http://nepr.net/) and journalist [Lisa Mullins](/source/Lisa_Mullins)

- [NDSU shrine to Morrill](https://web.archive.org/web/20080511204438/http://www.ndsu.edu/instruct/isern/morrill.htm)

- [Vermont Division for Historic Preservation](http://historicvermont.org/morrill/)

- [Friends of the Morrill Homestead](http://www.morrillhomestead.org)

- [*Justin Morrill: Land For Learning*](http://video.vpt.org/video/1461784111) Documentary produced by [Vermont Public Television](/source/Vermont_Public_Television)

- [Justin S. Morrill papers](http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HBS.Baker.EAD:bak00385) at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School.

U.S. House of Representatives Preceded by Andrew Tracy Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Vermont's 2nd congressional district March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1867 Succeeded by Luke P. Poland U.S. Senate Preceded by Luke P. Poland U.S. senator (Class 3) from Vermont March 4, 1867 – December 28, 1898 Served alongside: George F. Edmunds and Redfield Proctor Succeeded by Jonathan Ross Preceded by John Sherman Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance 1877–1879 Succeeded by Thomas F. Bayard Preceded by Thomas F. Bayard Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance 1881–1893 Succeeded by Daniel Voorhees Preceded by Daniel Voorhees Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Finance 1895–1898 Succeeded by Nelson Aldrich

v t e Deans of the United States Senate Gunn/Langdon Foster Brown Hillhouse Anderson Gaillard Ruggles King Benton Mangum Pearce Bayard/Foot Foot Wade Sumner Chandler Anthony Edmunds Morrill Allison Hale Frye Cullom Gallinger Lodge Warren Simmons Smoot Borah Smith McKellar George Hayden Russell Ellender Aiken Eastland/McClellan Eastland Magnuson Stennis Thurmond Byrd Inouye Leahy Grassley

v t e United States senators from Vermont Class 1 M. Robinson Tichenor Chipman Smith J. Robinson Tichenor Seymour Swift Phelps Foot Edmunds Proctor Stewart Page Greene Partridge Austin Flanders Prouty Stafford Jeffords Sanders Class 3 Bradley Paine Bradley Chase Fisk Palmer Chase Prentiss Crafts Upham Phelps Brainerd Collamer Poland Morrill Ross Dillingham Dale Gibson Sr. Gibson Jr. Aiken Leahy Welch

v t e Chairs of the United States Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works Public Buildings (1838–1857) Fulton Kerr Dayton Cameron Bright Hunter Whitcomb James Bayard Public Buildings and Grounds (1857–1947) Bright Foot Brown Fessenden Morrill Dawes Jones Rollins Mahone Stanford Vest Quay Fairbanks Warren Scott Sutherland Swanson Reed Fernald Lenroot Keyes Connally Maloney Andrews Public Works (1947–1977) Revercomb Chávez Martin Chávez McNamara Randolph Environment and Public Works (1977–present) Randolph Stafford Burdick Moynihan Baucus Chafee Smith Reid Smith Jeffords Inhofe Boxer Inhofe Barrasso Carper Moore Capito

v t e Chairs of the United States Senate Committee on Finance Campbell Eppes Sanford Holmes Lowrie Smith Forsyth Webster Wright Clay Evans Woodbury Calhoun Lewis Atherton Dickinson Hunter Pearce Fessenden Sherman Fessenden Sherman Morrill Bayard Morrill Voorhees Morrill Aldrich Penrose Simmons Penrose McCumber Smoot Harrison George Millikin George Millikin Byrd Long Dole Packwood Bentsen Moynihan Packwood Roth Baucus Grassley Baucus Grassley Baucus Wyden Hatch Grassley Wyden Crapo

v t e Chairs of the United States House Committee on Ways and Means Fitzsimons W. Smith Harper Griswold Randolph Clay G. Campbell Eppes Bacon Cheves Eppes Lowndes S. Smith McLane Randolph McDuffie Verplanck Polk Cambreleng J. W. Jones Fillmore McKay Vinton Bayly Houston L. Campbell J. G. Jones Phelps Sherman Stevens Morrill Schenck Hooper Dawes Morrison Wood Tucker Kelley Morrison R. Mills McKinley Springer Wilson Dingley Payne Underwood Kitchin Fordney Green Hawley Collier Doughton Knutson Doughton Reed Cooper W. Mills Ullman Rostenkowski Gibbons Archer Thomas Rangel Stark (acting) Levin Camp Ryan Johnson (acting) Brady Neal J. Smith

v t e Chairs of the House Republican Conference Morrill Schenck Banks Blair Maynard McCrary Hale Frye Robeson Cannon Henderson Grosvenor Cannon Hepburn Currier Greene Towner S. Anderson Hawley Luce Lehlbach Woodruff Hope Hoeven Ford Laird J. Anderson Devine Kemp D. Cheney Lewis Armey Boehner Watts Pryce Putnam Pence Hensarling McMorris Rodgers L. Cheney Stefanik McClain

v t e United States representatives from Vermont At-large 1813–1825 Bradley Butler Fisk Rich Skinner Strong Chipman Jewett Langdon A. Lyon C. Marsh Noyes Allen (1779–1852) Crafts Hunter Merrill Richards Meech R. C. Mallary H. Olin D. A. A. Buck 1933–present Gibson Plumley Prouty Meyer Stafford R. W. Mallary Jeffords P. Smith Sanders Welch Balint 1st district I. Smith M. Lyon I. Smith G. Olin Witherell Shaw R. C. Mallary Bradley Hunt Hall Foot Henry Miner Meacham Hodges Walton Woodbridge Willard Joyce Stewart Powers Foster Greene Fleetwood Brigham Weeks 2nd district Niles D. Buck Morris Elliot Hubbard Strong White R. C. Mallary Slade Collamer Hebard Tracy Morrill Poland Denison Tyler Poland Grout Haskins Plumley Dale Gibson 3rd district Chamberlain Fisk Chamberlain Fisk Rich Wales Everett G. Marsh Meacham Sabin Royce Baxter W. Smith Hendee Barlow Grout 4th district Chittenden Keyes Meech Swift Allen (1777–1844) J. Smith Young Dillingham Peck Bartlett 5th district Crafts Mattocks D. A. A. Buck Cahoon Deming Janes Fletcher Mattocks 6th district Mattocks

Authority control databases International ISNI VIAF GND FAST National United States Israel People US Congress Other Open Library NARA SNAC Yale LUX

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Justin S. Morrill](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_S._Morrill?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.