# Junjiahua

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Chinese varieties

Junjiahua 軍家話 Native to People's Republic of China Taiwan Region Taiwan: Taoyuan Guangdong: Huizhou, Lufeng Hainan: Sanya, Changjiang, Danzhou, Dongfang, Lingao Guangxi Fujian etc.[1] Native speakers (undated figure of ~150,000[citation needed]) Language family Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Mandarin Junjiahua Writing system Chinese characters Language codes ISO 639-3 None (mis) ISO 639-6 jnha Glottolog None

**Junjiahua**, **Junhua**,[2] **Junsheng,** or "**military speech**" in English, is any of a number of isolated dialects in [Guangdong](/source/Guangdong), [Guangxi](/source/Guangxi), [Hainan](/source/Hainan), [Fujian](/source/Fujian), and [Taiwan](/source/Taiwan). Some[*[who?](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions)*] believe that they are a [Mandarin](/source/Mandarin_Chinese) dialect group that assimilated to local Chinese variants in southern China.[*[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed)*] Junhua began as a [lingua franca](/source/Lingua_franca) in the army, being spoken between soldiers dispatched to various parts of China during the [Ming dynasty](/source/Ming_dynasty). It was subsequently spread to areas around the camps where the army settled. It is now an [endangered language](/source/Endangered_language). In [Hainan](/source/Hainan), it is still spoken by about 100,000 people. These speakers mainly live in [Sanya](/source/Sanya) (in Yacheng 崖城 and other locations[3]), [Changjiang Li Autonomous County](/source/Changjiang_Li_Autonomous_County), [Danzhou](/source/Danzhou), [Dongfang](/source/Dongfang%2C_Hainan), and [Lingao](/source/Lingao_County).

Some also consider the [Dapenghua](/source/Dapeng_dialect) spoken in [Dapeng Peninsula](/source/Dapeng_Peninsula) of [Shenzhen](/source/Shenzhen) to be a form of Junjiahua.

## References

1. **[^](#cite_ref-1)** ["Tái Yuè liǎng de jūnhuà de diàochá yánjiū" 台粵兩地軍話的調查研究](https://web.archive.org/web/20191214020251/http://ir.lis.nsysu.edu.tw:8080/bitstream/987654321/28533/1/台粵兩地軍話的調查研究.pdf) [An Investigation of Military Vernaculars in Taiwan and Guangdong] (PDF) (in Chinese). Archived from [the original](http://ir.lis.nsysu.edu.tw:8080/bitstream/987654321/28533/1/台粵兩地軍話的調查研究.pdf) (PDF) on 2019-12-14.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-2)** Qiu, Xueqiang 丘學強. 2005. *Junhua yanjiu* 軍話研究. Beijing: Chinese Social Sciences Academy Press 中國社會科學出版社.

1. **[^](#cite_ref-3)** Liu, Chuntao 劉春陶. 2021. *Hainan Sanya Yacheng Junhua yuanliu yanjiu* 海南三亞崖城軍話源流研究. Nankai University Press 南開大學出版社.

v t e Sino-Tibetan languages Sinitic Chinese Mandarin Yue Hakka Min Wu Hui Gan Xiang Jin Pinghua Bai Cai–Long Caijia Longjia Luren Tibeto-Burman Bodish Tibetan Central Amdo Khams Dzongkha Ladakhi-Balti Lahuli-Spiti Kyirong-Kagate Sherpa Jirel East Bodish Tshangla Basum Nam? Burmo-Qiangic Lolo-Burmese Burmish Burmese Standard Intha Danu Rakhine Tavoyan Achang Lhao Vo Lashi Zaiwa Mondzish Loloish Qiangic Gyalrongic Ersuic Naic Greater Magaric Magaric Magar Kham Chepangic Chepang Bhujel Raji–Raute Dura–Tandrange Naga Ao Angami–Pochuri Meitei Tangkhulic Western Naga (Zeliangrong) Sal Boro–Garo Konyak Jingpho–Luish Gongduk ʼOle Kho-Bwa Puroik? Tani Chamdo Tujia Nungish Karenic Gong Kathu West Himalayish Tamangic Newaric Newar Baram–Thangmi Kiranti Dhimalish Dhimal Toto Lhokpu Lepcha Karbi Kuki-Chin Miju? Mruic Mru Hkongso Pyu Taman Bailang Proposed groupings Central Tibeto-Burman Kuki-Chin–Naga Macro-Bai Mahakiranti Rung Tibeto-Kanauri Proto-languages Proto-Sino-Tibetan Proto-Tibeto-Burman Proto-Loloish Proto-Karenic Proto-Min Proto-Hakka Italics indicates single languages that are also considered to be separate branches.

v t e Chinese language Sinitic languages Varieties Mandarin Beijing Lingua franca of modern Chinese Standard forms Standard Chinese internal differences Old National Pronunciation Regional accents and varieties Guangdong [zh] Majie [zh] Liuzhou [zh] Sichuan Taiwan Central Taiwan [zh] Singapore-Malaysia [zh] Singapore Malaysia Kluang [zh] Beijing females [zh] Jingcheng Beijing Huaicheng Chaofeng Northeastern Changchun Harbin Shenyang Taz Jilu Tianjin Jinan Jiaoliao Dalian Qingdao Weihai Central Plains Dongping Gangou Guanzhong Xi'an Luoyang Xuzhou Dungan Southwestern Sichuanese Chengdu–Chongqing (?) Minjiang Leshan Renshou–Fushun [zh] Zigong Kunming Nanping Wuhan Gui–Liu Wuming Jianghuai Nanjing Nantong Nanping Yangzhou [zh] Lanyin Lanzhou dialect [zh] Ürümqi dialect [zh] Other Junjiahua Qinjiang Gyami Jin Zhangjiakou–Hohhot Zhi–Yan Wu Taihu (Northern) Sujiahu Shanghai Urban Shanghai Shadi Suzhou Kunshan Wuxi Tiaoxi Huzhou Piling Changzhou Jiangyin Linshao Shaoxing Yongjiang Ningbo (?) Hangzhou Jinxiang Taizhou Taizhou Tiantai Oujiang Wenzhou Rui'an Wencheng Wuzhou Jinhua Chu–Qu Quzhou Jiangshan Qingtian Xuanzhou Xuancheng Hui Ji-She [zh] Xiu-Yi [zh] Qi-De [zh] Yanzhou [zh] Jing-Zhan [zh] Gan Chang–Du Nanchang Yi–Liu Ying–Yi Da–Tong Xiang Changyi Changsha Loushao Shuangfeng Xiangxiang Wugang Ji–Xu Yong–Quan Qiyang Min Eastern Houguan [zh] Fuzhou Fuqing Changle Gutian Matsu Fu–Ning [zh] Ningde Fu'an Other Manjiang Zhongshan Longdu Nanlang Pu–Xian Putian Xianyou Southern Hokkien Quanzhou Zhangzhou Amoy Chawan Taiwan Philippines Penang Medan Singapore Southern Malaysia Teochew Swatow Haklau Pontianak Other Zhongshan Sanxiang Zhenan Longyan Leizhou Zhanjiang Hainan Wenchang Haikou Banqiao Inland Northern Jian'ou Jianyang Central Shao–Jiang Hakka Huiyang [zh] Changting Meixian Pontianak Singkawang Taiwan Sixian Hailu Raoping Tingzhou Wuhua Yue Yuehai Guangzhou Hong Kong Malaysia Xiguan Jiujiang Shiqi Weitou Dapeng Yunfu Siyi Taishan Xinhui Other Gao–Yang Goulou Wu–Hua Yong–Xun Luo–Guang Qin–Lian Pinghua Northern Pinghua Tongdao Younian Southern Pinghua Yongjiang Guandao Rongjiang Unclassified Tuhua Shaozhou Xiangnan Danzhou Badong Yao Shanke Waxiang Yeheni Huizhou (Guangdong) Mai Laobeizi History, phonology, and grammar History Proto-Sino-Tibetan Old Chinese Eastern Han Middle Chinese Old Mandarin Middle Mandarin Proto-Min Proto-Hakka Ba–Shu Gan Phonology Historical Old Old National Cantonese Hokkien Northern Wu Mandarin Literary and colloquial readings Grammar Numerals Classifiers Honorifics Cantonese grammar Classical grammar Idioms Chengyu Xiehouyu Written Chinese and input methods Literary forms Official Classical Adoption in Japan in Vietnam Vernacular Written Cantonese Written Dungan Written Hokkien Written Sichuanese Scripts Logographic Script styles Oracle bone Bronze Seal Clerical Semi-cursive Cursive Chinese characters Simplified Traditional Punctuation Braille Cantonese Mainland Chinese Taiwanese Two-cell Phonetic Romanization Gwoyeu Romatzyh Hanyu Pinyin MPS II Postal Tongyong Pinyin Wade–Giles EFEO Lessing-Othmer Yale Cyrillization Dungan Cyrillic Bopomofo Cantonese Bopomofo Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols Taiwanese kana Taiwanese Hangul Xiao'erjing Nüshu Input methods Logographic Biaoxingma Boshiamy [zh] Cangjie Simplified CKC Dayi Stroke count Wubi (Wang Ma) ZhengMa Q9 Pinyin Google Sogou List of varieties of Chinese

v t e Languages of China Official Standard Chinese Varieties of Chinese Danzhou Mandarin Northeastern Beijing Ji-Lu Jiao-Liao Zhongyuan Lan-Yin Jin Southwestern Sichuanese Southeastern Gan Hakka Hui Mai Min Southern Hokkien Teoswa Hainanese Eastern Puxian Central Northern Shaojiang Pinghua Shaozhou Tuhua Shanke Wu Chu–Qu Jiangshan Qingtian Quzhou Oujiang Taihu Jinxiang Northwestern Changzhou Hangzhou Northern Zhejiang Ningbo Shaoxing Su–Jia–Hu Shanghainese Suzhou Wuxi Taizhou Taizhou proper Wuzhou Jinhua Xuanzhou Xiang New Old Yue Cantonese Regional ARs / SARs CantoneseHK/MC EnglishHK MongolianNM PortugueseMC TibetanXZ UyghurXJ ZhuangGX Prefecture Hmong Kam Bouyei Tujia Korean Qiang Yi Kyrgyz Kazakh Tai Nüa Tai Lü Zaiwa Lisu Bai Hani Zhuang Counties/Banners numerous Indigenous Sino-Tibetan languages Lolo- Burmese Mondzish Kathu Maang Manga Mango Maza Mondzi Muangphe Burmish Achang Chashan Lashi Lhao Vo Pela Xiandao Zaiwa Loloish Hanoish Akeu Akha Amu Angluo Asuo Baihong Bisu Budu Bukong Cosao Duoni Duota Enu Habei Hani Honi Jino Kabie Kaduo Lami Laomian Laopin Mpi Muda Nuobi Nuomei Phana’ Piyo Qidi Sadu Sangkong Suobi Tsukong Woni Yiche Lisoish Eka Hlersu Kua-nsi Kuamasi Laizisi Lalo Lamu Lavu Lawu Limi Lipo Lisu Lolopo Mangdi Micha Mili Sonaga Toloza Xuzhang Yangliu Zibusi Nisoish Alingpo Alugu Aluo Axi Azha Azhe Bokha Gepo Khlula Lope Moji Muji Muzi Nasu Nisu Nuosu Phala Phola Phowa Phukha Phuma Phupa Phupha Phuza Samei Sani Thopho Zokhuo Other Gokhy Katso Kucong Lahu Naruo Namuyi Naxi Nusu Samu Sanie Zauzou Qiangic Baima Choyo Ersu Guiqiong Horpa Japhug Khroskyabs Laze Lizu Na Muya Namuyi Naxi Pumi Northern Qiang Southern Qiang Shixing Situ Tshobdun Zbu Zhaba Tibetic Amdo Baima Basum Central Tibetan Choni Dao Dongwang Drugchu Groma Gserpa Khalong Khams Kyirong Ladakhi Tseku Zhongu Zitsadegu Other Bai Caijia Derung Jingpo Longjia Nung Tujia Waxianghua Other languages Austroasiatic Bit Blang Bolyu Bugan Bumang Hu Kuan Mang Man Met Muak Sa-aak Palaung Riang U Va Wa Hmong–Mien Hmongic A-Hmao Bu-Nao Gejia Guiyang Hm Nai Hmong Hmu Huishui Kiong Nai Luobohe Mashan Pa-Hng Pa Na Pingtang Qo Xiong Raojia Sanqiao Sheyu Small Flowery Xixiu Younuo Mienic Biao Min Dzao Min Iu Mien Kim Mun Mongolic Bonan Buryat Daur Eastern Yugur Kangjia Khamnigan Monguor Oirat Ordos Santa Torgut Kra-Dai Zhuang Bouyei Dai Min Ningming Nong Tai Dam Tai Dón Tai Hongjin Tai Lü Tai Nüa Tai Ya Yang Yei Other Ai-Cham Biao Buyang Cao Miao Chadong Cun Gelao Hlai Jiamao Kam Lakkja Mak Maonan Mulam Naxi Yao Ong Be Paha Qabiao Sui Then Tungusic Evenki Manchu Nanai Oroqen Xibe Turkic Äynu Fuyu Kyrgyz Ili Turki Salar Western Yugur Other Sarikoli (Indo-European) Tsat (Austronesian) Formosan languages (Austronesian) Minority Kazakh Korean Kyrgyz Russian Esperanto Tatar Tuvan Uzbek Vietnamese (Kinh) Wakhi Creole/Mixed E Hezhou Lingling Macanese Maojia Qoqmončaq Tangwang Wutun Extinct Ba–Shu Jie Khitan Old Yue Rouran Saka Tangut Tocharian Tuoba Tuyuhun Xianbei Zhangzhung Sign Chinese Sign Hong Kong Sign Tibetan Sign GX = Guangxi HK = Hong Kong MC = Macau NM = Inner Mongolia XJ = Xinjiang XZ = Tibet

v t e Languages of Taiwan Austronesian Formosan Atayalic Atayal Seediq Truku Rukaic Rukai Northern Babuza Favorlang Taokas Papora Hoanya Arikun Lloa Pazeh–Kaxabu Kulon Saisiyat Thao East Amis Kavalan Ketagalan Basay Luilang Makatao Qauqaut Sakizaya Siraya Taivoan Southern Bunun Paiwan Puyuma Tsouic Kanakanavu Saaroa Tsou Malayo-Polynesian Batanic Yami Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Mandarin Taiwanese Mandarin Junhua Min Southern Taiwanese Hokkien Teochew Min Eastern Fuzhounese Matsu dialect Pu–Xian Putian dialect (Wuqiu dialect) Hakka Taiwanese Hakka Sixian Hailu Dabu Raoping Zhao'an Japonic Sign Taiwan Sign Language Auxiliary Taiwanese Braille Other languages English Cantonese Wu Shanghainese Filipino Japanese Korean Malay Malaysian Indonesian Thai Vietnamese Yilan Creole Japanese

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Adapted from the Wikipedia article [Junjiahua](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junjiahua) by Wikipedia contributors ([contributor history](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junjiahua?action=history)). Available under [Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Changes may have been made.